Verwandte Artikel zu Studies in Deductive Logic (1896)
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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER III KINDS OF PROPOSITIONS 1. In this chapter propositions will be described and classed according to the ancient Aristotelian doctrine, in which four principal forms of propositions were recognised, thus tabularly stated : Affirmative. Negative. Universal Particular Symbol = A All X is Y Symbol = I Some X is Y Symbol = E No X is Y Symbol = O Some X is not Y Singular propositions are to be classed as universal, and indefinite propositions, in which no indication of quantity occurs, must be interpreted at discretion as universal or particular. The student is supposed to be familiar with what the ordinary text-books say upon the subject. I first give a series of Examples of propositions, with brief comments upon their logical form and peculiarities. A copious selection of exercises is then supplied in the next chapter for the student to treat in like manner. EXAMPLES 2. ' Books are not absolutely dead things.' O. This proposition is indefinite or pre-indesigriate, as Hamilton would call it (Lectures on Logic, vol. i. (iii.) p. 244); but, as we can hardly suppose Milton to have thought that all books were living things, I take it to mean 'some books are not, etc.,' that is to say, particular negative. 3. 'The weather is cold.' A. The weather means the present state of the surrounding atmosphere, and may be best described as a singular term, which makes the assertion universal. 4. ' Not all the gallant efforts of the officers and escort of the British Embassy at Cabul were able to save them.' E. At first sight this seems to be a particular negative, like ' Not all that glitters is gold'; but a little consideration shows that ' gallant eff6rts' is a collective whole, the efforts being made in common, and therefore eit...
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