This historic book may have numerous typos, missing text or index. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. 1907. Not illustrated. Excerpt: ... Chapter ii. the preparation for christianity in the roman empire The economic complexion of the Roman Empire is, in the main, that of an agrarian capitalism, with a tendency to pass from what was originally a purely agrarian to a purely capitalistic period. When the city-state was substituted for the older domestic tribes in the constitution that is ascribed to Servius Tullius, the chief economic stress, and so the centre of political power, still lay in private property; while the artisans at Rome were condemned to political impotence as belonging to the latter class. Differently from the fairly constant urban tribes, the number of those in the rural districts rose to thirty-one from the fifth to the third century; and within the ranks of these peasant tribes the differentiation set in that made land-ownership the most powerful factor controlling the economic development of Rome. At each fresh annexation Rome inoculates the conquered territory with its own economic tendency. The life of the metropolitan city beats in the newly-founded urban colonies; and while a part of the annexed land is handed over to the impoverished peasantry, another part is reserved to the State as ager publicus, to become the real instrument of the capitalistic growth of the Roman nobility. The older policy of the commercial system had favoured the peasants, so that a merchants' guild that was established in 495r never prospered, but the trade with Greece, which exchanged its industrial products for Roman corn, put the political power more and more exclusively into the hands of the corn-growing owners of large estates. The small peasant is, naturally, not in a position to exchange his small surplus of corn with foreign merchants for expensive Greek wares. He h...
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