The Many Faces of the Sun: A Summary of the Results from NASA’s Solar Maximum Mission (Mechanical Engineering) - Hardcover

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 038798481X ISBN 13: 9780387984810

Verlag: Springer, 1998

Inhaltsangabe

1. The Solar Maximum Mission.- 1.1 The Origins of the Mission.- 1.2 Scientific Objectives of the Mission.- 1.3 The SMM Instrument Package.- 1.3.1 The ?-Ray Spectrometer (GRS).- 1.3.2 The Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer (HXRBS).- 1.3.3 The Hard X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (HXIS).- 1.3.4 The Bent Crystal Spectrometer (BCS).- 1.3.5 The Flat Crystal Spectrometer (FCS).- 1.3.6 The Ultraviolet Spectrometer/Polarimeter (UVSP).- 1.3.7 The Coronagraph/Polarimeter (C/P).- 1.3.8 The Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM).- 1.4 Scientific Discoveries.- 1.5 Concluding Remarks.- 2. Solar Irradiance Variations.- 2.1 Development of Solar Irradiance Monitors.- 2.1.1 Early Space-Based Solar Observations.- 2.1.2 Sounding-Rocket Experiments.- 2.1.3 Nimbus-7 ERB Experiment.- 2.1.4 The SMM ACRIM Experiment.- 2.1.5 ACRIM I Results During Solar Cycles 21 and 22.- 2.1.5.1 Variability on Solar Cycle Timescales.- 2.1.6 Level of Significance of the Long-Term Data Base.- 2.1.7 Variability on Solar Active-Region Timescales.- 2.1.7.1 The "Sunspot Deficit" Effect.- 2.1.7.2 Facular "Excess" Effect.- 2.1.7.3 Energy Balance in Active Regions.- 2.1.8 Short-Term Variability: Global Oscillations.- 2.2 Models of the Solar-Cycle TSI Variation.- 2.2.1 Active-Region Timescales.- 2.2.2 Solar-Cycle Timescales.- 2.2.3 Shortcomings of Linear Regression Models.- 2.2.4 Multivariate Spectral Analysis.- 2.3 ACRIM I and Succeeding Observations.- 2.3.1 Solar Monitoring by ERBE Experiments.- 2.3.2 ACRIM II on UARS.- 2.3.3 Measurement Strategy for the Climate TSI Data Base.- 2.4 The Long-Term Climate TSI Data Base.- 2.4.1 ACRIM II Relationship to ACRIM I, ERB and ERBS.- 2.4.2 Sustaining the TSI Database.- 2.4.3 Future Total Solar Irradiance Monitoring.- 3. Active Regions.- 3.1 Magnetic Field Strength and Structure.- 3.1.1 Results Prior to SMM.- 3.1.2 First Results with SMM.- 3.1.3 Subsequent Results: 1983-1987.- 3.1.4 The Coronal Magnetic Structures Observing Campaign.- 3.1.5 Coronal Magnetic Field Studies after SMM.- 3.2 Dynamics and Heating of the Solar Corona.- 3.2.1 FCS Line-Broadening Measurements.- 3.2.1.1 Large Nonthermal Velocities.- 3.2.1.2 Spatial Variations.- 3.2.1.3 Correlation Studies.- 3.2.2 FCS Line-Broadening Data.- 3.2.3 Interpreting the FCS Line Broadening.- 3.2.3.1 Constraints on Mass Motions.- 3.2.3.2 Link to Heating.- 3.2.3.3 Discussion.- 3.2.4 Coronal Heating, Magnetic Fields, and Flares.- 3.2.4.1 UVSP Observations of Active Regions.- 3.3 Transition Region Brightenings: UV Microflares.- 3.4 Sunspots.- 3.4.1 Magnetic Field and Height of the Transition Region.- 3.4.2 Sunspot Plumes.- 3.4.3 Sunspot Flows.- 3.4.3.1 Horizontal Flows.- 3.4.3.2 Vertical Flows.- 3.4.3.3 Nonthermal Line Broadening.- 3.4.3.4 Umbral Oscillations.- 3.4.3.5 A Look Backward, a Look Forward.- 3.5 Prominences and Filaments.- 3.5.1 Prominence Environment and Structure.- 3.5.2 Steady Flows in Prominence Material.- 3.5.3 Activity in Prominences.- 3.5.4 Postflare Loops and Surges.- 3.5.5 Conclusion.- 4. Coronal Abundances.- 4.1 Flare X-Ray Measurements from BCS.- 4.1.1 Calcium Abundance.- 4.1.2 Fe/H and Fe/Ca Abundance.- 4.1.3 Relative Abundances of Ar, Ca, and Fe in Flares.- 4.1.4 Factors Affecting Abundance Determinations from X-Ray Spectra.- 4.2 FCS Abundances.- 4.2.1 FCS Active-Region Abundances.- 4.2.1.1 Abundance Variability in Active Regions.- 4.2.1.2 Impact of Resonance Scattering.- 4.2.1.3 Assessment of FCS Active-Region Abundance Results.- 4.2.2 FCS Flare Abundance Studies.- 4.2.2.1 Coronal Cl/S and Ar/S Measurements.- 4.2.2.2 DEM Studies of Flare Abundances.- 4.3 Determination of Solar Abundances by Solar Flare ?-Ray Spectrometry.- 4.3.1 ?-Ray Spectral Analysis.- 4.3.2 ?-Ray Results.- 4.4 Solar Energetic Particles.- 4.4.1 Major Proton Events.- 4.4.2 CIR Events from Coronal Holes.- 4.4.3 Impulsive Flare Events.- 4.5 Theory of Abundance Fractionation.- 4.5.1 Gravitational Settling.- 4.5.2 Pressure Gradient and Stationary Diffusion.- 4.5.3 Ion-Neutral Separation Due to Curr...

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Reseña del editor

A decade of observations of the Sun with NASA's Solar Maximum Mission satellite has led to many discoveries in solar physics and atomic physics. While the analysis of the data is still continuing, a huge body of literature has now been published interpreting results from the mission. This book collects a review of these results in a single volume to provide a snapshot, as it were, of the current state of knowledge of solar physics. It will thus be a useful tool for both teaching and research, as well as a guide to planners of future missions to investigate the Sun. Individual chapters, each written by an expert in solar physics, cover such topics as: z Variations in the solar irradiance z Active regions of the Sun z The corona: elemental abundances; coronal mass ejections z Chromospheric evaporation z Solar flares; ultraviolet flares; nonthermal flare emissions z Flare dynamics; preflare activity; the gradual phase of flares; particle acceleration in flares z Spectroscopy and atomic physics z Solar-terrestrial science z The solar-stellar connection z Comet observations z Cosmic studies

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Springer
• Erscheinungsdatum: 1998
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 038798481X
• ISBN 13: 9780387984810
• Einband: Tapa dura
• Anzahl der Seiten: 642
• Herausgeber: Haisch Bernhard M., Saba Julia L.R., Strong Keith T.
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Springer Nature Customer Service Center GmbH; ProductSafety@springernature.com; ; Europaplatz 3,69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg; 69115; Deutschland