Depression and Cancer (World Psychiatric Association) - Softcover

Softcover

ISBN 10: 0470689668 ISBN 13: 9780470689660

Verlag: Wiley, 2010

Inhaltsangabe

Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the multiple interrelationships between depression and cancer. Depression and Cancer is devoted to the interaction between these disorders. The book examines various aspects of this comorbidity and describes how the negative consequences of depression in cancer could be avoided or ameliorated, given that effective depression treatments for cancer patients are available. Renowned psychiatrists and oncologists summarize the latest evidence on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, screening and recognition, and cultural and public health implications of depression in persons with cancer, among other topics.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

David W. Kissane is an academic consultation-liaison psychiatrist, psycho-oncologist and psychotherapy researcher in cancer and palliative care. He is the incumbent in the Jimmie C. Holland Chair in Psycho-Oncology, attending Psychiatrist at The Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases, and Professor of Psychiatry at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University. He is a past President of the International Psycho-Oncology Society (2000-03) and recipient of their Arthur Sutherland Award for Lifetime Achievement in Psycho-oncology in 2008. He is the author of over 150 publications, including two books, Family Focused Grief Therapy (2002) and Handbook of Communication in Oncology and Palliative Care (2009). At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, he has established a state-of-the-art Communication Skills Training and Research Laboratory and a Psychotherapy Research Laboratory.

Mario Maj is Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Naples, Italy. President of the World Psychiatric Association. Formerly President of the Italian Psychiatric Association; President of the Italian Society of Biological Psychiatry (since 1990); Secretary-General of the Association of European Psychiatrists (2001-2002); President of the Association of European Psychiatrists (2002). He is the Italian psychiatrist with the highest number of citations in indexed journals in the period 1981-2008.

Norman Sartorius, Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes, Geneva, Switzerland. Professor Sartorius is President of the International Association for the Promotion of Mental Health Programmes. Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists and of the American College of Psychiatry; Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. Member of the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on Mental Health. Member of WPA Council.

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In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the multiple interrelationships between depression and various physical diseases. The WPA is providing an update of currently available evidence on these interrelationships by the publication of three books, dealing with the comorbidity of depression with diabetes, heart disease and cancer.

Depression is a frequent and serious comorbid condition in people with cancer, which has a major negative impact on their quality of life and long-term prognosis.

Depression and Cancer is the first book devoted to the interaction between these important disorders. It examines various aspects of this comorbidity and describes how the negative consequences of depression in cancer could be avoided or ameliorated, given that effective depression treatments for cancer patients are available. World leaders in psychiatry and oncology summarize the latest evidence on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, screening and recognition, impact on treatment adherence and survival, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, clinical management, and cultural and public health implications of depression in persons with cancer.

Its practical approach makes this book ideal for all those involved with the management of these patients: psychiatrists, psychologists, oncologists, general practitioners, and cancer and mental health nurses.

Depression is a frequent and serious comorbid condition in people with cancer, which has a major negative impact on their quality of life and long-term prognosis.

Depression and Cancer is the first book devoted to the interaction between these important disorders.  It examines various aspects of this comorbidity and describes how the negative consequences of depression in cancer could be avoided or ameliorated, given that effective depression treatments for cancer patients are available. World leaders in psychiatry and oncology summarize the latest evidence on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, screening and recognition, impact on treatment adherence and survival, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, clinical management, and cultural and public health implications of depression in persons with cancer.

Its practical approach makes this book ideal for all those involved with the management of these patients: psychiatrists, psychologists, oncologists, general practitioners, and cancer and mental health nurses.

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Depression and Cancer

John Wiley & Sons

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-470-68966-0

Chapter One

The Prevalence of Depression in People with Cancer

Mary Jane Massie Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

Mari Lloyd-Williams and Greg Irving Academic Palliative and Supportive Care Studies Group (APSCSG), School of Population, Community and Behavioural Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK

Kimberley Miller Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

Depression is amongst the main causes of disability worldwide, leading to personal suffering and increased mortality. The US National Comorbidity Survey revealed a 12-month prevalence of major depressive disorder of 6%, with a lifetime prevalence of 16%, while high comorbidity exists with anxiety disorders, substance use disorders and impulse control disorders. In any twelve-month period, more than half the patients with major depressive disorder are diagnosed with an additional anxiety disorder. Patients with comorbid depression and anxiety disorders experience more severe symptoms, have a longer time to recovery, use more healthcare resources and have poorer outcome than do those with a single disorder. Seedat et al. found that, across cohorts from 15 countries, women developed depression almost twice as frequently as men.

When comorbid with medical illness, depression increases the symptom burden and functional impairment, and worsens medical outcomes. Early studies of depression in the medically ill used patient self-report and varied measures, with a heterogeneous mix of hospitalized medical and surgical patients, and reported prevalence rates ranging from 20 to 30%. In 1987, a retrospective review of 263 000 patients from 327 hospitals found that 24% of those receiving a psychiatric consultation were depressed. However, Snyder et al., using both clinical interview and DSM-III-R criteria reported less depression (6%), but more adjustment disorder with depressed mood (14%), in 944 medically ill patients referred for psychiatric consultation.

Wells et al. examined Epidemiological Catchment Area Study data regarding mental disorders amongst persons with at least one of eight chronic medical conditions. Six-month and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders were increased in those with versus without medical illness (25 and 42% versus 17 and 33%). Thirteen per cent of the chronically medically ill had a lifetime diagnosis of affective disorder versus 8% of those free from medical illness.

Lifetime rates of depression in patients with neurological conditions range from 30 to 50%. Prevalence rates of depression in patients with other medical or systemic illnesses show a variable picture, with the highest rates observed with endocrine disturbances such as Cushing's disease and surprisingly low rates documented in end-stage renal disease.

PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION IN CANCER PATIENTS

Using DSM-III criteria through a structured clinical interview, the Psychosocial Collaborative Oncology Group (PSYCOG) was one of the first groups to carefully determine the prevalence of mental disorders in 215 randomly selected hospitalized and ambulatory adult cancer patients in three cancer centres. Forty-seven per cent of the patients evaluated had clinically apparently psychiatric disorders. Of these patients, over two-thirds (68%) had adjustment disorders with depressed or anxious mood, 13% had a major depression, 8% had an organic mental disorder, 7% had a personality disorder, and 4% had a preexisting anxiety disorder. The authors concluded that nearly 90% of the mental disorders observed were reactions to or manifestations of disease or treatment. Personality and anxiety disorders can complicate cancer treatment, and were described as antecedent to the cancer diagnosis. This epidemiologically sound study has remained the gold standard for many years.

Many research groups have assessed depression in cancer patients along the years, and the reported prevalence varies quite widely (major depression 3 to 38%; depression spectrum syndromes 1.5 to 52%). The following databases were searched to retrieve references published between 1965 and 2009: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL (nursing), PsycINFO, Scopus, Science Citation Index/Social Sciences Citation Index, Cochrane Evidence Based Medicine database. The searches were limited to English language references and to studies with more than 100 subjects, where this information was indicated. Table 1.1 shows the 60 studies with more than 100 patients that provided information about the number of patients interviewed and cancer type(s), evaluation methods, and per cent with depression or affective syndromes. Most authors reported patient gender and hospitalization status. The reported prevalence varies significantly because of varying conceptualizations of depression, different criteria used to define depression, differences in methodological approaches to the measurement of depression, and different populations studied.

In early, typically cross-sectional studies, the rate of depression was usually reported for adults with mixed types and stages of cancer. Depression was reported by severity (borderline, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme), or by a symptom such as depressed mood, or by some of these diagnostic categories: major depression, minor depression, depressive disorder, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, or dysthymia, limiting our ability to compare studies. Although many research groups reported the gender and age (usually older) of study subjects, findings usually were not reported by demographic variables, and racial minorities were always underrepresented.

A limitation of many studies is that the effects of cancer treatments and non-cancer related variables that affect mood are not accounted for. For example, although drugs can cause depression in some people, research groups usually have not presented data about cytotoxic drug or hormone use when describing their findings.

Several papers from Nemeroff's group acknowledge the many reasons why it is difficult to compare studies (different definitions of depression, cancer type or stage, time since diagnosis, varying cancer treatments, personal history of depression and treatment for depression), but importantly, they underscore several general observations. The severity of medical illness, as manifested by significant pain, declining performance status, or the need for ongoing treatment, is associated with a high risk of comorbid depression. Whether high rates of depression associated with some cancers are due to the pathophysiologic effect of the tumour (i.e. cytokine or paraneoplastic syndromes associated with breast, pancreas, testis or lung cancers), treatment effects or other unidentified factors remain to be discerned. Nonetheless, we confidently conclude that cancer, exclusive of site, is associated with a rate of depression that is higher than in the general population.

Cancer types highly associated with depression include brain (41–93%), pancreas (up to 50%), head and neck (up to 42%), breast (4.5–37%),...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Wiley
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2010
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 0470689668
• ISBN 13: 9780470689660
• Einband: Taschenbuch
• Auflage: 1
• Anzahl der Seiten: 264
• Herausgeber: Kissane David W., Maj Mario, Sartorius Norman
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Wiley-VCH GmbH; product_safety@wiley.com; ; Boschstrasse 12; Weinheim; 69469; Deutschland