Excerpt from Papers Read at the Conference on the Problems of the Rural Church: Held in Boston, March 13 and 14, 1911
Once again in America we have a time when the soil is holy. In the early days the soil was sanctified at Plymouth Rock and at Philadelphia and at Baltimore; indeed on all the eastern coasts, by the devout feelings of those who fled from oppression and found in America religious liberty. The Pilgrims knelt in the sand on the New England shore. William Penn called his grant of land from Charles The Second, a holy experiment. The Catholics consecrated the soil of Maryland to religious liberty.
The modern prophets of the holiness of the soil are economists. These men value the soil for its utility in meeting the needs of the whole people. The soil is holy in their estimation because only by its conservation can the poor be fed and clothed. The test of American husbandry is its value to landless \men, tenant farmers in the country, and workingmen in the city, who do not own the tools by which they get their living. The soil is declared to be holy by the scientific agriculturist, because it has values for our children as well as ourselves. It must not be wasted, or robbed, or exploited, because to waste the soil is to rob the poor and to increase the cost of living for the workingman and to lay burdens upon our children, yet unborn.
We have, then, a new kind of holy man and woman in this country. I think it is fair to say that no woman in America is more loved and revered than Jane Addams, who has devoted her life to the service of marginal people in Chicago. The leading member of the Negro race, who possesses the respect and affection of both the White and the Negro, is Booker T. Washington, who is ministering to the Negro as a marginal element in the American population. The poor, that is, they who are without -land and without ownership in the tools of modern industry, determine the moral and spiritual conditions in the community. Tenants and farm hands set the moral tone with the same precision with which the marginal mill hand fixes the wages in the cotton mill. For this reason institutions such as the country church are obligedto turn their attention to the service of the poor. The country church and the country school will survive or perish by the ministry they can render to the duller and weaker folk in the country. To help them is to help all. This can be said of no other class in the country community. The poor are the distributing centre of all advantage for the community, as a whole. The dull and the ignorant who are just able to Survive in the community must be the target of all policies which are to have value for the whole community.
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