Worlds in the Making: The Evolution of the Universe - Hardcover

Arrhenius, Svante

9780548078198: Worlds in the Making: The Evolution of the Universe

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 054807819X ISBN 13: 9780548078198

Verlag: Kessinger Pub Co, 2007

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This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

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WORLDS IN THE MAKING; THE EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE S - 1908 - TABLE OF CONTENTS I. -- VOLCANIC PHENOMENA AND EARTHQUAKES . . l Destruction caused by volcanism and by earthquakes.-Different kinds of volcanoes.-Vesuvius.-Products of erup tion. - Volcanic activity diminishing. - Structure of volcanoes.-Geographical distribution of volcanoes.-Temperature in the interior of the earth. - significance of water for volcanism.-Composition of the earths interior.-Geographical distribution of earthquakes.-Fissures in the earths crust.-Groups of earthquakes.-Waves in the sea and in the air accompanying earthquakes.-Their connection with volcanism .-Systems of fissures.-Seisinograms. 11. THE CELESTIAL BODIES, IN PARTICULAR THE EARTH, AS ABODES OF LIVING BEINGS . . . 39 Manifold character of the worlds.-The earth probably at first a ball of gases.-Formation of the earth crust and its rapid cooling.-Balance between heat received and heat lostr by radiation.-Life already existing on the earth for a milliard of years.-The waste of solar heat.-Temperature and habitability of the planets.-Heat-preserving influence of the atmosphere.-Significance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere - Warm and cold geological ages. - Fluctuations in the percentage of carbon dioxide of the air.--Cornbustion, decay, and growth.-Atmospheric oxygen.-Vegetable life more ancient than animal life.-The atmospheres of planets.---Chances of an improvement in the climate. 111. RADIATION AND CONSTITUTION OF THE SUN. 64 Stability of the solar system.-Losses and possible gains P of heat by the sun.-Theses of Mayer and of Helmho1tz.-Temperatdres of the white, yellow, and reddish stars, and of the sun .-Sun-spots and . .. s un facu1ae.-Prominences.-111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Spectra of the parts of the sun.-Temperature of the sun.-The interior of the sun.-Its composition according to the mechanical theory of heat.-The losses of heat by the sun probably covered by the enormous solar energy. IV. THE RADIATION PRESSURE. . . . . . . . . 94 Newtons law of gravitation.-Keplers observation of comets tails.-The thesis of Euler .-Proof of Maxwell The radiation pressure.-Electric charges and condensation.-Cornets tails and radiation pressure.-Constituents and properties of comets tails.-Weight of the solar corona. - Loss and gain of matter by the sun.-Nature of meteorites.-Electric charge of the sun.-Electrons drawn into the sun.-Magnetic properties of the sun and appearance of the corona.-Constituents of the meteors.-Nebul and their heat and light. V. THE SOLAR DUST IN THE ATMOSPHERE. POLAR LIGHTS ANT THE VARIATIONS OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM The supply of dust from the sun rather insignificant.-Polarization of the light of the sky.-The upper c1oucis.-Different kinds of aurorz.-Their connectim with the corona of the sun.-Polar lights and sun-spots.-Periodicity of polar lights.-Polar lights and magnetic disturbances.-Velocity of solar dust.-Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.-The Zodiacal Light. VI. END OF THE SUN.-ORIGIN OF NEBULA3 . . . 148 The extinction of the sun.-Collision between two celestial bodies.-The new star in Perseus.-Formation of nebu1rc.-The appearance of nebulae.-The nebulae catch wandering meteors and comets.-The ring nebula in TJyra.-Variable stars.-Eta in Argus.-Mira Ceti.-Lyra and .41gol stars.--Evolution of the stars. VII. THE NEBULAR AND THE SOLAR STATES . . 191 The energy of the universe.-The entropy of the universe.-The entropy increases in the suns, but decreases in the nebul2.-Temperature and constitution of the nebul2...

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