Canids of the World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Their Relatives (Princeton Field Guides) - Softcover

Castell, Jos R.

Softcover

ISBN 10: 069117685X ISBN 13: 9780691176857

Verlag: Princeton University Press, 2018

Inhaltsangabe

<p><b>The most complete and user-friendly photographic field guide to the world’s canids</b><br><br>This stunningly illustrated and easy-to-use field guide covers every species of the world’s canids, from the Gray Wolf of North America to the dholes of Asia, from African jackals to the South American Bush Dog. It features more than 150 superb color plates depicting every kind of canid and detailed facing-page species accounts that describe key identification features, morphology, distribution, subspeciation, habitat, and conservation status in the wild. The book also includes distribution maps and tips on where to observe each species, making <i>Canids of the World</i> the most comprehensive and user-friendly guide to these intriguing and spectacular mammals.<br></p><ul><li>Covers every species and subspecies of canid<br></li><li>Features more than 150 color plates with more than 600 photos from around the globe<br></li><li>Depicts species in similar poses for quick and easy comparisons<br></li><li>Describes key identification features, habitat, behavior, reproduction, and much more<br></li><li>Draws on the latest taxonomic research<br></li><li>Includes distribution maps and tips on where to observe each species<br></li><li>The ideal field companion and a delight for armchair naturalists<br></li></ul>

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

<b>José R. Castelló</b> is a medical doctor, naturalist, and wildlife photographer. He is a member of the American Society of Mammalogists and the Spanish Society for Conservation and Study of Mammals. He is the author of <i>Bovids of the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives</i> (Princeton).

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Canids of the World

Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Their Relatives

By José R. Castelló

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS

Copyright © 2018 José R. Castelló
All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-0-691-17685-7

Contents

FOREWORD, 5, 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, 7, 
INTRODUCTION, 8, 
* SOUTH AMERICAN CANIDS Maned Wolf, Bush Dog, Short-Eared Dog, and South American Foxes, 28, 
* WOLF-LIKE CANIDS Wolves, Jackals, Coyotes, Dhole, African Dog, and Domestic Dog, 74, 
* RED FOX-LIKE CANIDS True Foxes, Bat-Eared Fox, and Raccoon Dog, 172, 
* GRAY FOX-LIKE CANIDS Gray Fox and Island Fox, 274, 
SKULLS, 310, 
GLOSSARY, 316, 
REFERENCES, 319, 
INDEX, 329, 

CHAPTER 1

South American Canids

MANED WOLF, BUSH DOG, SHORT-EARED DOG, SOUTH AMERICAN FOXES

RECOGNITION South American endemic Canids form a phylogenetically independent group. It includes the Maned Wolf, Bush Dog, Short-Eared Dog, Crab-Eating Fox and the six species of Lycalopex (South American Foxes). This group is more closely related to Wolf-like Canids than to Foxes. Most South American Canids can be described as Fox-like, but vary considerably in size and morphology. There is little size dimorphism between males and females. Several species are morphologically atypical, compared to most Canids, such as the extremely long-legged Maned Wolf, or the short-legged Bush Dog. They exhibit the typical Canid dental formula, I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3 = 42, except Bush Dogs, which have 38 or 40 teeth and trenchant heel dentition. Chromosome number is 2n=74, except for the Maned Wolf and Short-Eared Dog (2n=76), and there are no "marker chromosomes," a generalized characteristic in the Carnivora and an ancestral character in other Canids.

PHYLOGENY After being confined to North America for a period of about 30 million years, Canid lineages spread across the world, invading the Old World in the late Miocene (ca. 10 Ma) and arriving in South America much later, in the late Pliocene (ca. 42.5 Ma). This migration to South America generated a great diversity of species, represented by six living genera, mainly small to medium-sized omnivorous Canids, and several extinct species that included large hypercarnivorous forms. The large hypercarnivorous taxa were particularly well represented in the past, with two endemic genera (Theriodictis and Protocyon) and three species that have been included in Canis. Phylogenetic and molecular studies, as well as some fossil records, suggest that at least three or four independent lineages of the South American clade invaded South America after the rise of the Panama Bridge (ca. 4–2.5 Ma), pointing to an origin outside SouthAmerica for this group. Canids from other clades, Urocyon and Canis dirus, invaded this continent at least during the late Pleistocene, and Domestic Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) were introduced by aborigines in the Holocene.

BEHAVIOR Most South American Canids are solitary animals, forming pairs only during the breeding season, but the Bush Dog forms social groups. Lycalopex and the Maned Wolf are monoestrous, while the Bush Dog is polyestrous. Crab-Eating Fox females produce two litters annually. The reproductive status of the Short-Eared Dog is unknown. This group has omnivorous habits, but the Bush Dog is strictly carnivorous.

DISTRIBUTION This group is endemic to South America. Maned Wolves are found in S Brazil, Paraguay, Peru and Bolivia east of the Andes. Bush Dogs are found from S Panama through much of South America E of the Andes, as far S as central Bolivia, Paraguay, and S Brazil. Short-Eared Dog is endemic to the Amazon basin. Crab-Eating Fox is endemic to the central part of South America. Hoary Fox is endemic to the cerrado biome and adjacent areas in central Brazil. Sechuran Fox occurs on the Pacific coast of Peru and Ecuador. Darwin's Fox is endemic to coastal Chile. Pampas Fox is currently thought to range from E Bolivia and W Paraguay to central Argentina and S Brazil. Chilla Fox is widespread in areas of plains and mountains on both sides of the Andes, from S Peru and N Chile south to the Strait of Magellan, and was introduced by humans onto the island of Tierra del Fuego in 1953. Culpeo Fox is distributed along the Andes and hilly regions of W South America, from S Colombia to Tierra del Fuego. South American Canids are found in every habitat on the continent, from the coastal deserts, to the open savanna, rain forests, and coastal and lowland forests.

CONSERVATION Nearly every species in this group requires careful monitoring and individual consideration. Little is known about the abundance and distribution of most species. The Maned Wolf is Near Threatened and already extinct in Uruguay; conservation interest has resulted in legal protection in Brazil and Argentina, but specific action has yet to be implemented, and significant population declines are expected to occur because of continuing habitat loss and degradation. The poorly known ShortEared Dog is also listed as Near Threatened, and is known to be at risk from diseases transferred from Domestic Dogs and habitat loss; no comprehensive ecological research has been carried out on this species. The status of the Bush Dog is difficult to determine because of its natural rarity and elusive, nomadic nature; it is a social predator that requires healthy populations of small and mid-sized vertebrate prey, and its persistence depends on the protection of large, connected areas of grassland, woodland, and shrub-dominated lowland where Domestic Dogs and vehicle traffic are minimal. Darwin's Fox is Endangered, with only two small remnant populations containing fewer than 250 individuals; the initial assumption that it was a subspecies of the Chilla Fox contributed to a lack of conservation or captive breeding efforts. The Crab-Eating Fox and Lycalopex Foxes seem tolerant of habitat degradation and remain widespread and common. The Pampas Fox, however, is heavily persecuted because of its perceived predation on livestock.

Maned Wolf

CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS

BL: 95-125 cm. TL: 30-45 cm. H: 74-91 cm. W: 20-25 kg. SL: 24.8 cm. SW: 13.3 cm. DF: 42. CN: 76. A large and very distinctive Canid, with extremely long legs. It is the largest South American Canid. Coat is thick and soft, orange brown to reddish golden on the back and sides, lacking underfur. Throat is white. Mouth, base of the neck, and legs are black. Head is small in proportion to the body, with a long, Fox-like muzzle. Ears are large, straight and tent-shaped, white inside. Eyes are large and slanting, brown in color, with round pupils. Visible erectile black mane on the nape of the neck and back. Limbs are exceptionally long and thin. Tail is proportionally short and wide, ending in a white tuft. Females are similar in appearance to males. Young are brownish gray or black.

OTHER NAMESFrench: Loup à crinière. German: Mähnenwolf. Spanish: Boroche, lobo de crin. Russian: [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.]. Portuguese: Lobo guará. Guaraní: Aguaraguazú.

TAXONOMY Monotypic. Includes campestris, cancrosa and jubatus, which are not considered valid. It is most closely related to the genus Lycalopex. Despite its name, it is not related to other Wolves.

REPRODUCTIONGestation: 62-66 days. Young per birth: 2-5. Weaning: 105-180 days. Sexual maturity: 1-2...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Princeton University Press
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2018
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 069117685X
• ISBN 13: 9780691176857
• Einband: Taschenbuch
• Anzahl der Seiten: 331
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: preigu GmbH & Co. KG; mail@preigu.de; ; Lengericher Landstr. 19; Osnabrück; Niedersachsen; 49078; Deutschland