Making the Transition: Education and Labor Market Entry in Central and Eastern Europe (Studies in Social Inequality) - Hardcover

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0804775907 ISBN 13: 9780804775908

Verlag: Stanford University Press, 2011

Inhaltsangabe

After the breakdown of socialism in Central and Eastern Europe, the role of education systems in preparing students for the "real world" changed. Though young people were freed from coercive state institutions, the shift to capitalism made the transition from school to work much more precarious and increased inequality in early career outcomes. This volume provides the first large-scale analysis of the impact social transformation has had on young people in their transition from school to work in Central and Eastern European countries.

Written by local experts, the book examines the process for those entering the workforce under socialism, during the turbulent transformation years, in the early 2000s, and today. It considers both the risks and opportunities that have emerged, and reveals how they are distributed across social groups. Only by studying these changes can we better understand the long-term impact of socialism and post-socialist transformation on the problems young people in this part of the world are facing today.

Über diesen Titel

Über die Autorinnen und Autoren

Irena Kogan is Professor of Sociology at the University of Mannheim, Germany. Michael Gebel is Assistant Lecturer at the University of Mannheim. Clemens Noelke is Postdoctoral Fellow at the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim.

Irena Kogan is Professor of Sociology at the University of Mannheim, Germany. Michael Gebel is Assistant Lecturer at the University of Mannheim. Clemens Noelke is Postdoctoral Fellow at the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim.

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MAKING THE TRANSITION

Education and Labor Market Entry in Central and Eastern Europe

STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Copyright © 2011 Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-8047-7590-8

Contents

List of Tables and Figures...........................................................................................................................................................................................ixContributors.........................................................................................................................................................................................................xiiiPreface..............................................................................................................................................................................................................xviiCHAPTER ONE Social Transformation and Education Systems in Central and Eastern Europe Clemens Noelke and Walter Müller........................................................................................1CHAPTER TWO The Transition from School to Work in Central and Eastern Europe: Theory and Methodology Michael Gebel and Clemens Noelke..............................................................................29CHAPTER THREE Hard Times for the Less Educated: Education and Labor Market Entry in East Germany After Reunification Michael Gebel.................................................................................58CHAPTER FOUR Education and Labor Market Entry in the Czech Republic Martin Zelenka, Jan Koucký, and Jan Kovarovic.............................................................................................85CHAPTER FIVE Screens and Credentials: Education and Labor Market Entry in Croatia in the Early 2000s Teo Matkovic..................................................................................................110CHAPTER SIX Delayed Transition: Education and Labor Market Entry in Serbia Irena Kogan.............................................................................................................................141CHAPTER SEVEN Better Times? Education and Labor Market Entry in Slovenia After Socialism Angela Ivancic, Miroljub Ignjatovic, and Maja ?kafar.................................................................166CHAPTER EIGHT Education and Labor Market Entry in Transition: The Case of Hungary Erzsébet Bukodi and Péter Róbert..................................................................................189CHAPTER NINE Does Horizontal Differentiation Make Any Difference? Heterogeneity of Educational Degrees and Labor Market Entry in Poland Anna Baranowska............................................................216CHAPTER TEN Education and Labor Market Entry in Estonia: Closing Doors for Those Without Tertiary Education Ellu Saar and Marge Unt................................................................................240CHAPTER ELEVEN When Higher Education Pays Off: Education and Labor Market Entry in Ukraine Michael Gebel and Irena Kogan...........................................................................................269CHAPTER TWELVE Institutional Change and the Transition from School to Work in Russia Christoph Bühler and Dirk Konietzka.......................................................................................296CHAPTER THIRTEEN Comparative Analysis of Social Transformation, Education Systems, and School-to-Work Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe Irena Kogan, Clemens Noelke, and Michael Gebel.....................320Notes................................................................................................................................................................................................................355References...........................................................................................................................................................................................................373Index................................................................................................................................................................................................................401

Chapter One

Social Transformation and Education Systems in Central and Eastern Europe

Clemens Noelke and Walter Müller

INTRODUCTION

Social transformation in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has been a singular process in modern history (Elster, Offe, and Preuss 1998; Kornai 2006). Within a few years after 1989, democratic governments and capitalist markets replaced dictatorial communist parties and planning bureaucracies as central mechanisms of political and economic coordination. Across the region, reforms introducing a market economy were implemented, freeing up prices, liberalizing trade, and privatizing state-owned enterprises. Markets for capital, goods, and labor developed and gradually became integrated into the European and global economy. For a number of post-socialist CEE countries, this process culminated in accession to the European Union (EU) in the new millennium.

While transformation from socialism to capitalism and democracy has expanded civic liberties and political freedom in most CEE countries, initial hopes of rapid economic convergence to Western standards have been largely disappointed. The demise of the socialist state and the emergent capitalist order put an end to former guarantees of lifetime employment and basic economic security. In the early years of transformation, aggregate output, employment, and real incomes plummeted, while unemployment, poverty, and inequality soared. Economic turmoil was accompanied by demographic crisis. Fertility rates dropped, while divorce, morbidity, and suicide rates rose. Nevertheless, until the region was hit by the 2008-2009 economic and financial crisis, most CEE countries had been growing at rates sometimes far above the Western European average.

Because of this fundamental, pervasive, and rapid social transformation, system change in CEE has provoked much research and debate among social scientists. A central concern in the literature has been to link changing economic institutions (i.e., the rise of markets) to changing patterns of social inequality (Nee 1989; Rona-Tas 1994; Walder 2003; Heyns 2005; Diewald, Goedicke, and Mayer 2006; Verhoeven, Dessens, and Jansen 2008). By studying market societies in the making, we have the rare opportunity to obtain fundamental insights about how institutions and markets interact to shape individuals' life courses and determine overall patterns of social inequality.

In this volume, we study the impact of social transformation on young people and their transition from school to work in ten CEE countries. The transition from school to work is commonly understood as the process of entering a stable job after an individual's primary involvement in education has been completed (Müller and Gangl 2003). Public and scientific interest in this issue has grown in response to increasing and persisting difficulties in youth labor markets in a number of Western countries. Entering the workforce has become a prolonged, more turbulent, and more precarious process, at least when compared to the smooth transition from full-time education to lifetime employment in the 1950s and 1960s (Ryan 2001). Structural change, globalization, educational expansion, and flexibilization of labor markets have left their marks on young people entering the workforce. Research has shown...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Stanford University Press
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2011
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 0804775907
• ISBN 13: 9780804775908
• Einband: Gebundene Ausgabe
• Anzahl der Seiten: 406
• Herausgeber: Kogan Irena, Noelke Clemens, Gebel Michael
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Nicht verfügbar
• Verantwortliche Person: Nicht verfügbar