Edith: The Rogue Rockefeller Mccormick - Softcover

Ross, Andrea Friederici

Softcover

ISBN 10: 0809338629 ISBN 13: 9780809338627

Verlag: Southern Illinois University Press, 2021

Inhaltsangabe

Chicago&;s quirky patron saint

This thrilling story of a daughter of America&;s foremost industrialist, John D. Rockefeller, is complete with sex, money, mental illness, and opera divas&;and a woman who strove for the independence to make her own choices. Rejecting the limited gender role carved out for her by her father and society, Edith Rockefeller McCormick forged her own path, despite pushback from her family and ultimate financial ruin.

Young Edith and her siblings had access to the best educators in the world, but the girls were not taught how to handle the family money; that responsibility was reserved for their younger brother. A parsimonious upbringing did little to prepare Edith for life after marriage to Harold McCormick, son of the Reaper King Cyrus McCormick. The rich young couple spent lavishly. They purchased treasures like the jewels of Catherine the Great, entertained in grand style in a Chicago mansion, and contributed to the city&;s cultural uplift, founding the Chicago Grand Opera. They supported free health care for the poor, founding and supporting the John R. McCormick Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases. Later, Edith donated land for what would become Brookfield Zoo.

Though she lived a seemingly enviable life, Edith&;s disposition was ill-suited for the mores of the time. Societal and personal issues&;not least of which were the deaths of two of her five children&;caused Edith to experience phobias and panic attacks. Dissatisfied with rest cures, she ignored her father&;s expectations, moved her family to Zurich, and embarked on a journey of education and self-examination. Edith pursued analysis with then-unknown Carl Jung. Her generosity of spirit led Edith to become Jung&;s leading patron. She also supported up-and-coming musicians, artists, and writers, including James Joyce as he wrote Ulysses.

While Edith became a Jungian analyst, her husband, Harold, pursued an affair with an opera star. After returning to Chicago and divorcing Harold, Edith continued to deplete her fortune. She hoped to create something of lasting value, such as a utopian community and affordable homes for the middle class. Edith&;s goals caused further difficulties in her relationship with her father and are why he and her brother cut her off from the family funds even after the 1929 stock market crash ruined her. Edith&;s death from breast cancer three years later was mourned by thousands of Chicagoans.

Respectful and truthful, Andrea Friederici Ross presents the full arc of this amazing woman&;s life and expertly helps readers understand Edith&;s generosity, intelligence, and fierce determination to change the world

Über diesen Titel

Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Andrea Friederici Ross is the author of Let the Lions Roar! The Evolution of Brookfield Zoo. A native of the Chicago area and a graduate of Northwestern University, Ross works in a grade school library, where she encourages young readers to develop a lasting love of books. 

Auszug. © Genehmigter Nachdruck. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

GROWING UP ROCKEFELLER 1872-1888

There were no great celebrations upon Edith&;s birth. 

Sure, the doctor overseeing the delivery in their upstairs bedroom on Euclid Avenue in Cleveland on August 31, 1872 would have offered Laura &;Cettie&; Spelman Rockefeller and John Davison Rockefeller hearty congratulations. Edith was their fourth daughter. Baby Alice had died of scarlet fever as an infant, the other two previous girls, Elizabeth (Bessie) and Alta, were healthy and strong.

But another daughter was not what Senior had desired. His wishes would be fulfilled two years later when John D. Rockefeller, Junior was born. That day would feature office toasts, backslaps, and hearty celebrations. Years later, Mother Cettie recalled, &;How glad all were that the baby was a boy &; for there had been four girls&;&; It is said Senior &;literally danced&; about the office. Once Junior came aboard, there were no more pregnancies. There was no need. The prodigal son had arrived.

This is not to say that Edith wasn&;t loved. She was. The Rockefeller family was a close one, tight-knit for a reason. The year of Edith&;s birth would be marked in the history books as the Cleveland Massacre, the year her father, at the helm of Standard Oil, claimed control of 22 of 26 competing oil companies in Cleveland &; some would maintain, quite ruthlessly. It was the year in which John D. Rockefeller began keeping a revolver by his bed for safety. The Rockefellers drew together in part to keep the public at arm&;s length: they were hated.

But as a small child, Edith had no idea. Her childhood in Cleveland was fairly idyllic. A few years after Edith&;s birth, the family purchased a large property in Forest Hill, an estate that grew to 700 acres. Originally intended as a hotel, it was an ideal retreat including two artificial lakes, hiking trails through woods and ravines, bridle paths and a racetrack for horses, and tennis courts. The children could ride bicycles and horses, sled, swim, and explore to their heart&;s content, without ever encountering another human being.

There were scant reasons to leave the property, with church being the chief exception. It also provided one of the few opportunities for play with children beyond siblings or cousins (Uncle William lived nearby with his family). Their closest friends were the children of Minister Strong. There were precious few opportunities for bad influences.

Governesses and tutors were brought to the house to instruct the children, including accomplished musicians who shaped the foursome into a formidable quartet, with Junior on violin, Bessie on viola, Edith at the cello and Alta on piano. They could earn five cents an hour for practicing and Edith would spend many hours at a stretch with her arms encircling her cello &; easily her favorite chore. Music would be a lifelong passion for Edith.

Other chores for which the children could earn pennies included raking leaves, pulling weeds, sharpening pencils, killing flies, and other mundane tasks. They earned five cents for attending Sunday School.While Senior was making millions in scandalous new ways, his children dutifully earned and saved cents. Spending was heartily discouraged, except as donations to the church plate. Giving to others was the priority before spending for self. 

Once Junior was old enough, Senior appointed him the family accountant, responsible for overseeing his older sisters&; ledgers, where they were required to account for every single penny. Junior would continue this role well into adulthood. And, yes, even then, pennies counted. Junior reported that, &;because I was the only boy in the family,&; he played a key go-between role: &;Although I was the youngest, my parents turned to me for advice on many questions, including my sisters, particularly their love affairs&;&;

Growing up Rockefeller wasn&;t butlers and ballgowns. Rather, it was a constant tug-of-war between wealth and denial. Despite the family&;s incredible wealth and their expansive estate, they lived fairly frugally. The children all wore hand-me-downs, including Junior who was attired in his older sisters&; outgrown dresses. Even Cettie&;s dresses were patched numerous times. Senior was fond of preaching, &;Willful waste makes woeful want.&; Only Senior knew the full extent of their wealth: this was not information he shared, even with his wife. Cettie would never really understand the magnitude of their estate. Even if Senior had divulged this information, in Cettie&;s defense, it was virtually incomprehensible at the time.

It was a household under very tight, very deliberate rein. 

Every minute of their day was carefully scheduled: prayer, study, chores, music, play. For, while work was the focus, Senior and Cettie recognized that daily play was critical to mental well-being. It was to be wholesome activity however; there would be no card playing, no dancing, or other activities Senior and Cettie deemed frivolous.

Surprisingly, one of their favorite playmates was Senior. Though the public saw John D. Rockefeller as a brutal capitalist, savage in his business dealings and largely humorless, the children knew a different side of him. It was frequently Senior who instigated the games, with Junior reporting their father participated in games of Blindman&;s Bluff &;with all the zest of a child.&;  Or he might tie a white handkerchief to his back so they could chase him on a nighttime bicycle race through the wooded trails. At dinner, his eyes twinkling, he might suddenly balance a porcelain plate on his nose, much to Cettie&;s dismay. He was adept at telling mesmerizing tall tales or suddenly bursting into song, though it was most likely to be a hymn.

Caution was a keyword in the family, with nothing ever taken for granted. When they went ice-skating on the pond, each child was issued a long board to tuck under their arms for safety should the ice break. Swimming required large hats as protection from the sun.

More than anything, the Rockefeller clan worshipped together. Baptists, their days began with family prayer before breakfast, with latecomers charged five cents. In an ironic twist, it was Senior who most frequently had to pony up. The children not only learned the value of a cent but also of being punctual. Later in life, all would maintain a strict and unforgiving adherence to punctuality, down to the minute. It all mattered: every cent, every minute. Visiting ministers were their most frequent dinner guests and the day ended with more prayer.

Cettie and Senior were united in their beliefs that service to God was of paramount importance. The Rockefeller family was the first to arrive at church on Sundays, where Senior would toll the large bell to welcome others. Both parents taught Sunday School and were very active church members. When the collection plate passed, the children were expected to deposit a good percentage of their hard-earned pennies. Senior made modest donations, with none of the children suspecting that behind the scenes he was writing much larger checks, accounting for nearly half the church&;s entire income. And when the service was over, Senior, as volunteer janitor, promptly went around extinguishing all the gas lights, mindful of saving every possible penny. Perhaps he used religion as a way to cleanse his sins.

Sundays also brought Cettie&;s &;Home Talks&;, in which she would discuss a passage from the Bible, followed by summoning each child before her individually to discuss their digressions and determine how they could...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Southern Illinois University Press
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2021
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 0809338629
• ISBN 13: 9780809338627
• Einband: Taschenbuch
• Anzahl der Seiten: 256
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Nicht verfügbar
• Verantwortliche Person: Nicht verfügbar