Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Health, and Illness in the U.S. - Softcover

Softcover

ISBN 10: 0822345706 ISBN 13: 9780822345701

Verlag: Duke University Press, 2010

Inhaltsangabe

The rise of Western scientific medicine fully established the medical sector of the U.S. political economy by the end of the Second World War, the first "social transformation of American medicine." Then, in an ongoing process called medicalization, the jurisdiction of medicine began expanding, redefining certain areas once deemed moral, social, or legal problems (such as alcoholism, drug addiction, and obesity) as medical problems. The editors of this important collection argue that since the mid-1980s, dramatic, and especially technoscientific, changes in the constitution, organization, and practices of contemporary biomedicine have coalesced into biomedicalization, the second major transformation of American medicine. This volume offers in-depth analyses and case studies along with the groundbreaking essay in which the editors first elaborated their theory of biomedicalization. Contributors. Natalie Boero, Adele E. Clarke, Jennifer R. Fishman, Jennifer Ruth Fosket, Kelly Joyce, Jonathan Kahn, Laura Mamo, Jackie Orr, Elianne Riska, Janet K. Shim, Sara Shostak

Über diesen Titel

Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Adele E. Clarke is Professor of Sociology and History of Health Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco.

Laura Mamo is Associate Professor at the Health Equity Institute for Research, Practice, and Policy at San Francisco State University.

Jennifer Ruth Fosket is a principal and founder of Social Green, where she does research and writes on the intersections of health, the built environment, and sustainability.

Jennifer R. Fishman is Assistant Professor in the Social Studies of Medicine Department at McGill University.

Janet K. Shim is Assistant Professor of Sociology in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco.

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"These captivating essays bring the study of health and medicine to a new level by firmly linking medical sociology to the latest work on science, technology, gender, sexuality, race, and the body. Across the wide range of diseases and issues taken up in this volume, biomedicine emerges as a crucial domain where identities and differences are generated, inequalities are challenged or reinforced, risks and rewards are juxtaposed, and dreams of human perfectibility are constantly dangled before us."--Steven Epstein, author of" Inclusion: The Politics of Difference in Medical Research"

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BIOMEDICALIZATION

Technoscience, Health, and Illness in the U.S.By ADELE E. CLARKE LAURA MAMO JENNIFER RUTH FOSKET JENNIFER R. FISHMAN JANET K. SHIM

DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Copyright © 2010 Duke University Press
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-8223-4570-1

Contents

PREFACE...........................................................................................................................................................................................................viiACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................................................................................................................................................................xiBIOMEDICALIZATION / A Theoretical and Substantive Introduction / Adele E. Clarke, Janet K. Shim, Laura Mamo, Jennifer Ruth Fosket, and Jennifer R. Fishman........................................................11 / BIOMEDICALIZATION / Technoscientific Transformations of Health, Illness, and U.S. Biomedicine / Adele E. Clarke, Janet K. Shim, Laura Mamo, Jennifer Ruth Fosket, and Jennifer R. Fishman.....................472 / CHARTING (BIO)MEDICINE AND (BIO)MEDICALIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES, 1890-PRESENT / Adele E. Clarke, Jennifer Ruth Fosket, Laura Mamo, Jennifer R. Fishman, and Janet K. Shim.................................883 / FROM THE RISE OF MEDICINE TO BIOMEDICALIZATION / U.S. Healthscapes and Iconography, circa 1890-Present / Adele E. Clarke......................................................................................1044 / GENDER AND MEDICALIZATION AND BIOMEDICALIZATION THEORIES / Elianne Riska......................................................................................................................................1475 / FERTILITY, INC. / Consumption and Subjectification in U.S. Lesbian Reproductive Practices / Laura Mamo........................................................................................................1736 / THE BODY AS IMAGE / An Examination of the Economic and Political Dynamics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Construction of Difference / Kelly Joyce......................................................1977 / THE STRATIFIED BIOMEDICALIZATION OF HEART DISEASE / Expert and Lay Perspectives on Racial and Class Inequality / Janet K. Shim................................................................................2188 / MARKING POPULATIONS AND PERSONS AT RISK / Molecular Epidemiology and Environmental Health / Sara Shostak......................................................................................................2429 / SURROGATE MARKERS AND SURROGATE MARKETING IN BIOMEDICINE / The Regulatory Etiology and Commercial Progression of "Ethnic" Drug Development / Jonathan Kahn....................................................26310 / THE MAKING OF VIAGRA / The Biomedicalization of Sexual Dysfunction / Jennifer R. Fishman.....................................................................................................................28911 / BYPASSING BLAME / Bariatric Surgery and the Case of Biomedical Failure / Natalie Boero.......................................................................................................................30712 / BREAST CANCER RISK AS DISEASE / Biomedicalizing Risk / Jennifer Ruth Fosket..................................................................................................................................33113 / BIOPSYCHIATRY AND THE INFORMATICS OF DIAGNOSIS / Governing Mentalities / Jackie Orr..........................................................................................................................353EPILOGUE / Thoughts on Biomedicalization in Its Transnational Travels / Adele E. Clarke...........................................................................................................................380REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................................................................................407ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS............................................................................................................................................................................................489INDEX.............................................................................................................................................................................................................491

Chapter One

Adele E. Clarke, Janet K. Shim, Laura Mamo, Jennifer Ruth Fosket, and Jennifer R. Fishman

Biomedicalization

TECHNOSCIENTIFIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF HEALTH, ILLNESS, AND U.S. BIOMEDICINE

The growth of medicalization-defined as the processes through which aspects of life previously outside the jurisdiction of medicine come to be construed as medical problems-is one of the most potent social transformations of the last half of the twentieth century in the West (Bauer 1998; Clarke and Olesen 1999; Conrad 1992, 2000; Renaud 1995). We argue that major, largely technoscientific changes in biomedicine are now coalescing into what we call biomedicalization and are transforming the twenty-first century. Biomedicalization is our term for the increasingly complex, multisited, multidirectional processes of medicalization that today are being both extended and reconstituted through the emergent social forms and practices of a highly and increasingly technoscientific biomedicine. We signal with the "bio-" in biomedicalization the transformations of both the human and nonhuman made possible by technoscientific innovations such as molecular biology, biotechnologies, genomization, transplant medicine, and new medical technologies. That is, medicalization is intensifying, but in new and complex, usually technoscientifically enmeshed ways.

Institutionally, biomedicine is being reorganized not only from the top down or the bottom up but from the inside out. This is occurring largely through the remaking of the technical, informational, organizational, and hence the institutional infrastructures of the life sciences and biomedicine via the incorporation of computer and information technologies (Bowker and Star 1999; Cartwright 2000b; Lewis 2000; National Research Council 2000). Such technoscientific innovations are reconstituting the many institutional sites of healthcare knowledge production, distribution, and information management (e.g., medical information technologies/informatics, networked or integrated systems of hospitals, clinics, group practices, insurance organizations, the bioscientific and medical technology and supplies industries, the state, etc.). Such meso-level organizational/institutional changes are cumulative over time and have now reached critical infrastructural mass in the shift to biomedicalization.

Clinical innovations are, of course, at the heart of biomedicalization. Extensive transformations are produced through new diagnostics, treatments and procedures from bioengineering, genomics, proteomics, new computer-based visualization technologies, computer-assisted drug developments, evidence-based medicine, telemedicine/telehealth, and so on. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, such technoscientific innovations are the jewels in the clinical crown of biomedicine and vectors of biomedicalization in the West and beyond.

The extension of medical jurisdiction over health itself (in addition to illness, disease, and injury) and the commodification of health are fundamental to biomedicalization. That is,...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Duke University Press
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2010
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 0822345706
• ISBN 13: 9780822345701
• Einband: Taschenbuch
• Auflage: 1
• Anzahl der Seiten: 512
• Herausgeber: Clarke
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Nicht verfügbar
• Verantwortliche Person: Nicht verfügbar