Beyond the Sacred Forest: Complicating Conservation in Southeast Asia (New Ecologies for the Twenty-First Century) - Softcover

Softcover

ISBN 10: 0822347962 ISBN 13: 9780822347965

Verlag: Duke University Press, 2011

Inhaltsangabe

Reflecting new thinking about conservation in Southeast Asia, Beyond the Sacred Forest is the product of a unique, decade-long, interdisciplinary collaboration involving research in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Scholars from these countries and the United States rethink the translation of environmental concepts between East and West, particularly ideas of nature and culture; the meaning of conservation; and the ways that conservation policy is applied and transformed in the everyday landscapes of Southeast Asia. The contributors focus more on folk, community, and vernacular conservation discourses than on those of formal institutions and the state. They reject the notion that conservation only takes place in bounded, static, otherworldly spaces such as protected areas or sacred forests. Thick with ethnographic detail, their essays move beyond the forest to agriculture and other land uses, leave behind orthodox notions of the sacred, discard outdated ideas of environmental harmony and stasis, and reject views of the environment that seek to avoid or escape politics. Natural-resource managers and policymakers who work with this more complicated vision of nature and culture are likely to enjoy more enduring success than those who simply seek to remove the influence and impact of humans from conserved landscapes. As many of the essays suggest, this requires the ability to manage contradictions, to relinquish orthodox ideas of what conservation looks like, and to practice continuously adaptive management techniques.

Contributors. Upik Djalins, Amity A. Doolittle, Michael R. Dove, Levita Duhaylungsod, Emily E. Harwell, Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells, Lye Tuck-Po, Percy E. Sajise, Endah Sulistyawati, Yunita T. Winarto

Über diesen Titel

Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Michael R. Dove is the Margaret K. Musser Professor of Social Ecology in the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Director of the Tropical Resources Institute, and Professor of Anthropology, at Yale University.

Percy E. Sajise is an Honorary Research Fellow of Biodiversity International, an Adjunct Fellow at the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (Philippines), and Adjunct Professor in the School of Environmental Science and Management at the University of the Philippines, Los Baños.

Amity A. Doolittle is a Lecturer and Associate Research Scientist at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies.

Auszug. © Genehmigter Nachdruck. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Beyond the Sacred Forest

COMPLICATING CONSERVATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Duke University Press

Copyright © 2011 Duke University Press
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-8223-4796-5

Contents

About the Series....................................................................................................................................................................................viiAcknowledgments.....................................................................................................................................................................................ixPreface.............................................................................................................................................................................................xiINTRODUCTION Changing Ways of Thinking about the Relations between Society and Environment Michael R. Dove, Percy E. Sajise, and Amity A. Doolittle...............................................1ONE The Wild and the Tame in Protected-Areas Management in Peninsular Malaysia Lye Tuck-Po........................................................................................................37TWO The Implications of Plantation Agriculture for Biodiversity in Peninsular Malaysia: A Historical Analysis Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells.......................................................62THREE Rubber Kills the Land and Saves the Community: An Undisciplined Commodity Michael R. Dove...................................................................................................91FOUR Adat Argument and Discursive Power: Land Tenure Struggles in Krui, Indonesia Upik Djalins....................................................................................................123FIVE Redefining Native Customary Law: Struggles over Property Rights between Native Peoples and Colonial Rulers in Sabah, Malaysia, 1950-1996 Amity A. Doolittle..................................151SIX The Social Life of Boundaries: Competing Territorial Claims and Conservation Planning in the Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve, West Kalimantan, Indonesia Emily E. Harwell.....................180SEVEN Interpreting "Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Resource Use": The Case of the T'Boli in the Southern Philippines Levita Duhaylungsod......................................................216EIGHT The Historical Demography of Resource Use in a Swidden Community in West Kalimantan Endah Sulistyawati......................................................................................239NINE The Ecological Implications of Central versus Local Governance: The Contest over Integrated Pest Management in Indonesia Yunita T. Winarto...................................................276Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................................................303Contributors........................................................................................................................................................................................351Index...............................................................................................................................................................................................355

Chapter One

Lye Tuck-Po

THE WILD AND THE TAME IN PROTECTED-AREAS MANAGEMENT IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

This essay's title is an explicit acknowledgment of ideological issues in protected-areas management. The ethnographic focus is a specific national park, the 4,343 square kilometers of Taman Negara in peninsular Malaysia. My fieldwork has uncovered a range of problems, primarily in the relationship between managers (officers and rangers of the Department of Wildlife and National Parks; hereafter DWNP) and the resident community (the forest-dwelling hunting-and-gathering Batek of Pahang state). In earlier writings (Lye 1997, 2002, 2005), I regarded park administration as an imposition on the culture of the forest people. Here, with the people in the background, my concern is more with the DWNP and the broader context of managing wildlife and habitat.

A key characteristic of the Taman Negara administration is its ambivalence regarding the place of people in the park. The people are recognized as belonging there and having a visible presence, but there is no administrative procedure for dealing with the implications of that presence. I will argue that the administrative ambivalence reflects a deeper cognitive unease with the relationships among people, the forest, and wildlife. Of most concern to me is how and why certain places, peoples, and times are defined as wild or tame and how such definitions are woven through the administration of the national park. The most familiar definition that comes to mind, as legitimized in scientific conservation, draws on Euro-American conceptions of the "wilderness," which often deny that landscapes have different use values for different peoples and therefore are social rather than natural spaces (Cronon 1996). Though the tension between scientific and local conservation practices exists in peninsular Malaysia (hereafter the Peninsula), of more interest are the local variations on the concept of "wild."

One issue that will become clear (see Lye 2002) is the artificiality of boundaries between folk/local and scientific/global. For the "local" in this case is both Batek, the people in the park, and Malay, the people running the park and the country. Protected-areas management may appear to be global in its managerial and scientific orientation, but it is filtered through embedded Malay understandings of forest-people relations. And, in a mutually reciprocal process, Malay understandings are filtered through what can be observed of the forest peoples' behavior and environmental relations. As such, the ideological context is extremely complex, and the problem for this essay will be to trace how different symbolic representations come together and are enshrined in official policy.

Protected-areas establishment (and similar resource-management projects) has come in for much criticism, as well as for proposals for improvement. Ongoing issues include the rights of resident populations in protected areas (Colchester and Erni 1999), the failure of parks to improve local livelihoods (Ghimire and Pimbert 1997) and/or to protect biodiversity (Brandon, Redford, and Sanderson 1998), and doubts about the effectiveness of co-management in widening access to resources and decision making (Brosius, Tsing, and Zerner 2005; Colfer, Wadley, and Venkateswarlu 1999; Leach and Fairhead 2001). Concurrently, other critiques (e.g., those of the "cultural construction of nature" approach) look critically at the relations of power and ideas that support resource-management regimes; these demonstrate that the ideas are historically contingent, even in the place of origin, socially specific, and often elitist, and that they may be based on an erroneous understanding of culture-nature relations (Dwyer 1996; Neumann 1998).

My approach in this essay draws from these various strands of discussion. While acknowledging the need to integrate conservation with socialpolitical interests, I maintain that these are only surface problems. There are underlying ideological issues that ultimately shape how managers' objectives are defined, interpreted, and realized in practice. Why reality is constructed one way rather than another is a function of contentions between systems of ideas and values that change over time....

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Duke University Press
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2011
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 0822347962
• ISBN 13: 9780822347965
• Einband: Taschenbuch
• Anzahl der Seiten: 388
• Herausgeber: Dove
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Nicht verfügbar
• Verantwortliche Person: Nicht verfügbar