Decolonizing Native Histories: Collaboration, Knowledge, and Language in the Americas (Narrating Native Histories) - Softcover

Mallon, Florencia E.

Softcover

ISBN 10: 0822351528 ISBN 13: 9780822351528

Verlag: Duke University Press, 2011

Inhaltsangabe

Decolonizing Native Histories is an interdisciplinary collection that grapples with the racial and ethnic politics of knowledge production and indigenous activism in the Americas. It analyzes the relationship of language to power and empowerment, and advocates for collaborations between community members, scholars, and activists that prioritize the rights of Native peoples to decide how their knowledge is used. The contributors-academics and activists, indigenous and nonindigenous, from disciplines including history, anthropology, linguistics, and political science-explore the challenges of decolonization. These wide-ranging case studies consider how language, the law, and the archive have historically served as instruments of colonialism and how they can be creatively transformed in constructing autonomy. The collection highlights points of commonality and solidarity across geographical, cultural, and linguistic boundaries and also reflects deep distinctions between North and South. Decolonizing Native Histories looks at Native histories and narratives in an internationally comparative context, with the hope that international collaboration and understanding of local histories will foster new possibilities for indigenous mobilization and an increasingly decolonized future.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Florencia E. Mallon is the Julieta Kirkwood Professor of History and Latin American Studies and Chair of the History Department at the University of Wisconsin. She is the author of numerous books, including Courage Tastes of Blood: The Mapuche Indigenous Community of NicolÁs AilÍo and the Chilean State, 1906–2000 and the editor and translator of Rosa Isolde Reuque Paillalef’s When a Flower is Reborn: The Life and Times of a Mapuche Feminist, both published by Duke University Press.

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DECOLONIZING NATIVE HISTORIES

Collaboration, Knowledge, and Language in the Americas

DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Copyright © 2012 Duke University Press
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-8223-5152-8

Contents

About the Series...........................................................................................................................................viiFLORENCIA E. MALLON Introduction. Decolonizing Knowledge, Language, and Narrative.........................................................................1PART ONE Land, Sovereignty, and Self- Determination........................................................................................................21J. KEHAULANI KAUANUI Hawaiian Nationhood, Self-Determination, and International Law.......................................................................27RIET DELSING Issues of Land and Sovereignty: The Uneasy Relationship between Chile and Rapa Nui...........................................................54PART TWO Indigenous Writing and Experiences with Collaboration.............................................................................................79FERNANDO GARCÉS V. Quechua Knowledge, Orality, and Writings: The Newspaper Conosur Ñawpagman....................................................85JOANNE RAPPAPORT AND ABELARDO RAMOS PACHO Collaboration and Historical Writing: Challenges for the Indigenous–Academic Dialogue.....................122JAN RUS AND DIANE L. RUS The Taller Tzotzil of Chiapas, Mexico: A Native Language Publishing Project, 1985–200......................................2144PART THREE Generations of Indigenous Activism and Internal Debates.........................................................................................175BRIAN KLOPOTEK Dangerous Decolonizing: Indians and Blacks and the Legacy of Jim Crow......................................................................179EDGAR ESQUIT Nationalist Contradictions: Pan-Mayanism, Representations of the Past, and the Reproduction of Inequalities in Guatemala.....................196Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................219References.................................................................................................................................................221Contributors...............................................................................................................................................243Index......................................................................................................................................................247

Chapter One

Land, Sovereignty, and Self- Determination

SINCE THE 1970S the internationalization of indigenous mobilization and the formation of globalized coalitions of Native peoples have changed the face of indigenous cultural politics and of indigenous claims to autonomy. One of the venues through which Native activism has been most dramatically felt has been the United Nations, where indigenous peoples have successfully pressured for the passage of broad- ranging resolutions supporting Native rights to self-determination, autonomy, and territorial and cultural integrity. Both the International Labor Organization's (ILO) Convention 169, adopted in June 1989 and put in force in September 1991, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, ratified in September 2007, have broken new ground in the area of international recognition of indigenous rights.

During the 1990s, as Native peoples pressured existing nation- states to ratify and observe the principles of ILO Convention 169 in their dealings with indigenous peoples within their borders, it became clear that un resolutions can serve as powerful weapons for mobilization. Additionally, the intensification and deepening of international debate on indigenous issues, buttressed by back-to-back Decades of Indigenous Peoples declared by the United Nations (1990–2000, 2000–2010), have increased consciousness on the question of Native peoples and their rights, not only among political elites but also in intellectual and academic communities worldwide. And this new awareness has doubled back into Native societies, encouraging new forms of activism.

The two essays in part 1 situate the struggles of two indigenous peoples, the Kanaka Maoli of Hawai'i and the Rapanui of Rapa Nui, or so-called Easter Island, squarely within this evolving story of international indigenous mobilization. Informed by literatures in international politics, international human rights, and debates over indigenous self-determination, these essays take a broad view of the interactions between indigenous peoples and the states that colonized them. The focus is not on local forms of cultural practice or historical memory, but on the historically changing alternatives available to indigenous peoples as a whole in their struggle to retain land, culture, and resources and to achieve sovereignty and self-determination.

Kehaulani Kauanui places the historical struggle of Kanaka Maoli both in the context of U.S. federal government debates and within discussions in international law. As she makes clear, the case of Hawai'i is in some ways unique because, during the nineteenth century, the Kingdom of Hawai'i received international treaty recognition as a sovereign state. Subsequently, however, the U.S.-backed overthrow of the kingdom in 1893, the illegal annexation of Hawai'i as a U.S. territory in 1898, and the irregular vote that led to statehood in 1959 have all added layers of complexity and colonialism, making questions of national sovereignty, deoccupation, and indigenous rights deeply conflictual among the islands' inhabitants. Indeed, as Kauanui explores in her essay, none of the alternatives existing today—whether indigenous self-determination under U.S. federal law or under international law, decolonization under international law, or deoccupation based on the kingdom's previous existence as an independent state—attend simultaneously and effectively to the needs of all those involved.

Consciously developing a different kind of anthropological perspective, Riet Delsing traces the revitalization and recovery of identity and memory in Rapa Nui both as a story embedded in the narrative of the Chilean nation-state and as an international practice framed by the last generation of globalized indigenous mobilization. Delsing shows how the history of Chilean expropriation and colonization of the Rapanui is both embedded in the evolution of the Chilean nation-state and is a chapter in the broader story of Chilean Pacific imperialism and territorial expansion. At the same time, she traces the links between the evolution of a new Rapanui consciousness and the development of a Pacific-based indigenous consciousness. In the end, she suggests that the recent turn to militancy by a sector of Rapanui activists is articulated to the expansion of international indigenous activism and to the Rapanui's recognition of themselves as a Polynesian, rather than an American, people.

Taken together, the two essays assume three important tasks of the collection as a whole. First, they show how, in two specific historical cases, the international indigenous movement and un debates on indigenous rights have changed the struggles for autonomy and self-determination over the last two generations. The richness of historical context provided is extremely important, because some analysts have tended to assume...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Duke University Press
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2011
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 0822351528
• ISBN 13: 9780822351528
• Einband: Taschenbuch
• Anzahl der Seiten: 272
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Nicht verfügbar
• Verantwortliche Person: gpsr@libri.de; gpsr@libri.de; ; Friedensallee 273; Hamburg; 22763; Deutschland