Messiah in the Passover is for anyone who wants to explore the traditions of the Passover and deepen their understanding of the links between Passover, the Last Supper, and Communion.
This Passover reference book discusses biblical and theological issues, Jewish and church history, and rabbinic tradition. It also includes a messianic family Haggadah (Passover guidebook) as well as Passover recipes and lessons for children. Additional resources and instructional videos for celebrating Passover in the home or congregation are available at messiahinthepassover.com.
Passover has great meaning for followers of Jesus and provides a wonderful opportunity to teach both adults and children the powerful truths of redemption. Believers will be affirmed knowing they worship a God who keeps His promises and remains ever faithful.
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Darrell L. Bock (Ph.D., University of Aberdeen) is Executive Director of Cultural Engagement and Senior Research Professor of New Testament studies at Dallas Theological Seminary. He has been at Dallas Theological Seminary since 1982. He has authored or edited over forty-five books and has been a New York Times best-selling author in nonfiction. His areas of expertise are the Gospels, Luke-Acts, and the historical Jesus.
Mitch Glaser (Ph.D., Fuller Seminary) is the president of Chosen People Ministries. Mitch studied with the esteemed Charles Feinberg at Talbot School of Theology. Mitch and his wife, Zhava, have labored for more than 45 years in ministry among the Jewish People. Mitch holds a PhD in intercultural studies.
Note to the Reader and Acknowledgments, 9,
Contributors, 12,
Foreword by Darrell L. Bock, 18,
Introduction: Why Study the Passover? Mitch Glaser, 19,
PART 1: BIBLICAL FOUNDATIONS,
1 Passover in the Torah Robert Walter, 31,
2 Passover in the Writings Richard H. Flashman, 47,
3 Passover in the Prophets Gordon Law, 57,
4 Passover in the Gospel of Luke Darrell L. Bock, 67,
5 Passover in the Gospel of John Mitch Glaser, 79,
6 Passover and the Lord's Supper Brian Crawford, 99,
PART 2: PASSOVER AND CHURCH HISTORY,
7 Passover, the Temple, and the Early Church Scott P. Nassau, 113,
8 Passover Controversies in Church History Gregory Hagg, 131,
9 Passover and Antisemitism Olivier Melnick, 141,
PART 3: JEWISH TRADITION AND THE PASSOVER,
10 Passover in Rabbinic Writings Zhava Glaser, 155,
11 Passover and the Afikoman Daniel Nessim, 169,
PART 4: COMMUNICATING THE GOSPEL THROUGH THE PASSOVER,
12 Passover and the Atonement Michael Cohen, 183,
13 The Gospel in the Passover Seder Larry Feldman, 195,
14 Sermon: "Jesus, the Lamb of God" Richard E. Freeman, 209,
15 Sermon: "The Third Cup" David Sedaca, 217,
PART 5: CELEBRATING MESSIAH IN THE PASSOVER,
16 Passover in Your Home Cathy Wilson, 227,
17 Passover Lessons for Your Children Rachel Goldstein-Davis, 247,
18 A Messianic Family Haggadah Chosen People Ministries, 263,
19 Passover Foods and Recipes Mitch Forman, 275,
Conclusion: In Honor of the Lamb Darrell L. Bock and Mitch Glaser, 297,
Appendix 1: The Jewish and Protestant Canons of the Bible, 301,
Appendix 2: Hebrew Months of the Year, 305,
Appendix 3: Passover Observances in Biblical History, 307,
Appendix 4: Five Passover Meals Compared, 311,
Appendix 5: Last Supper Sayings Compared, 313,
Appendix 6: The Lamb of God in the New Testament, 317,
Appendix 7: Map of the Exodus, 320,
Appendix 8: Map of Jerusalem during Messiah's Final Days (Part 1), 321,
Appendix 9: Map of Jerusalem during Messiah's Final Days (Part 2), 322,
Abbreviations, 323,
Glossary, 325,
Recommended Reading, 336,
Bibliography, 339,
Index of Scripture, 358,
Index of Ancient and Medieval Writings, 364,
Index of Rabbinic Writings, 366,
Index of Names, 368,
Index of Subjects, 371,
Index of Hebrew Terms, 380,
Index of Greek Terms, 381,
PASSOVER IN THE TORAH
ROBERT WALTER
The earliest chapters of Genesis record God's initial dealings with humanity. He creates Adam and Eve, enjoys close fellowship with them, seeks them out after they had willfully disobeyed in the Garden of Eden, and promises to send a deliverer to redeem humankind and restore creation from chaos to peace. The thread of this promise is woven into all of the earliest events in Genesis, as if the Patriarchs are rehearsing the great deliverance that God will later bring about.
PASSOVER IN GENESIS
In Genesis, Egypt is consistently portrayed as "a place that needs to be gotten out of, by God's help, for the sake of preserving God's people." And His ultimate goal is to bring them into the Promised Land. This has caused some scholars to suggest that Genesis was actually written with Exodus in mind, as a prelude to show God's choosing of Israel as His people and to demonstrate that He is the supreme God, two vital elements in the Exodus account. While there are no specific mentions of the Passover in Genesis, there are allusions to the Exodus. Therefore, as we embark on this study of the Passover in the Torah it's important to examine these Genesis passages to gain a greater understanding of the Passover's Exodus context.
Abram
The first of these occurrences in Genesis is in the account of Abram. God makes a covenant with Abram in Genesis 12:1–3 where He calls him to get up and go. Abram is to follow God to a specific Land and is promised that he will be made into a great nation and receive a great name, and that through him all the families of the earth will be blessed. In Genesis 15, God further establishes the covenant, promising to provide him a son, and giving boundaries for the aforementioned Land. This text also provides the first hint pointing to the Exodus:
God said to Abram, "Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not theirs, where they will be enslaved and oppressed four hundred years. But I will also judge the nation whom they will serve, and afterward they will come out with many possessions. ... Then in the fourth generation they will return here. ..." (Gen. 15:13–16)
Perhaps to show His sovereign faithfulness to His promises, or to indicate the troubled future that Abram's descendants would endure, God chooses to reveal to Abram certain details about the Exodus. His descendants will be oppressed and enslaved, strangers in a foreign land for four hundred years. God himself will judge the nation oppressing them. The descendants will leave that foreign land with many possessions and return to the Land of Promise. There is no mention of the Passover, but there is a prediction of national deliverance and return to the Land, two major themes in the Exodus from Egypt.
Joseph
Perhaps the strongest foreshadowing of the Exodus in the Torah is found in the life of Joseph. In Genesis 37–50, we learn that Joseph is beloved by his father, rejected and hated by his brothers, sold into slavery for silver, wrongly accused, and convicted of crimes. Though he is blameless, he enters the depths of suffering in an Egyptian prison. It is from that lowest point that God turns Joseph's situation around, raising him from the pit and exalting him to a position that is answerable to Pharaoh alone.
Later in the account, famine strikes the region and Joseph encounters his brothers face to face, this time possessing the authority and ability to strike them down for what they had done to him. He instead shows mercy. As the brothers stand awestruck and afraid, Joseph comforts them with his understanding of God's sovereign hand at work in all that has happened. Joseph assures them,
Now do not be grieved or angry with yourselves, because you sold me here, for God sent me before you to preserve life. ... God sent me before you to preserve for you a remnant in the earth, and to keep you alive by a great deliverance. (Gen. 45:5, 7)
In Joseph's view, God has used his trials for good. He highlights three results of his suffering: (1) the preservation of life, presumably for Egypt and others; (2) the preservation of a remnant, best explained as the Hebrew people; and (3) the coming of a great deliverance, which most likely points to the Exodus from Egypt. Joseph later provides a similar reflection as he gives his brothers final instructions before his death:
As for you, you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good in order to bring about this present result, to preserve many people alive. ... I am about to die, but God will surely take care of you and bring you up from this land to the land which He promised on oath to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob. ... God will surely take care of you, and you shall carry my bones up from here....
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