Photochemistry: Volume 31 (Specialist Periodical Reports, Band 32) - Hardcover

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 0854044256 ISBN 13: 9780854044252

Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2000

Inhaltsangabe

The breadth of scientific and technological interests in the general topic of photochemistry is truly enormous and includes, for example, such diverse areas as microelectronics, atmospheric chemistry, organic synthesis, non-conventional photoimaging, photosynthesis, solar energy conversion, polymer technologies, and spectroscopy. This Specialist Periodical Report on Photochemistry aims to provide an annual review of photo-induced processes that have relevance to the above wide-ranging academic and commercial disciplines, and interests in chemistry, physics, biology and technology. In order to provide easy access to this vast and varied literature, each volume of Photochemistry comprises sections concerned with photophysical processes in condensed phases, organic aspects which are sub-divided by chromophore type, polymer photochemistry, and photochemical aspects of solar energy conversion. Volume 34 covers literature published from July 2001 to June 2002. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.

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Photochemistry Volume 31

A Review of the Literature Published between July 1998 and June 1999

By A. Gilbert

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-0-85404-425-2

Contents

Introduction and Review of the Year By Andrew Gilbert, 1, 
Part I Physical Aspects of Photochemistry, 13, 
Photophysical Processes in Condensed Phases By Anthony Harriman, 15, 
Part II Organic Aspects of Photochemistry, 45, 
Chapter 1 Photolysis of Carbonyl Compounds By William M. Horspool, 47, 
Chapter 2 Enone Cycloadditions and Rearrangements: Photoreactions of Dienones and Quinones By William M. Horspool, 75, 
Chapter 3 Photochemistry of Alkenes, Alkynes and Related Compounds By William M. Horspool, 112, 
Chapter 4 Photochemistry of Aromatic Compounds By Alan Cox, 145, 
Chapter 5 Photo-reduction and -oxidation By Alan Cox, 193, 
Chapter 6 Photoreactions of Compounds Containing Heteroatoms Other than Oxygen By William M. Horspool and Albert C. Pratt, 234, 
Chapter 7 Photoelimination By Ian R Dunkin, 297, 
Part III Polymer Photochemistry By Norman S. Allen, 333, 
Part IV Photochemical Aspects of Solar Energy Conversion By Alan Cox, 393, 
Author Index, 403, 

CHAPTER 1

Part I Physical Aspects of Photochemistry

By Anthony Harriman

Photophysical Processes in Condensed Phases

BY ANTHONY HARRIMAN

1 Introduction

The format of this chapter follows that used in previous volumes. Coverage is given to the multifarious routes by which an electronically excited state may undergo deactivation in solution or solid phase. Additional attention is given to instrumental methods used to detect photophysical processes and to the application of photophysics in contemporary analytical chemistry. The huge literature accompanying these subjects precludes a thorough review of each important development and it is regretted that, given page restrictions, all relevant publications cannot be covered.

2 General Aspects of Photophysical Processes

A database of absorption and fluorescence spectra for some 125 photoactive compounds has been established, together with accompanying routines for calculating various photophysical events. The numerous scientific achievements of J. and F. Perrin, Vavilov, Levshin and Pringsheim have been documented and a historical overview of fluorescence analysis has been compiled. A review of luminescence techniques and instrumentation has appeared. Separate reviews have covered most areas of contemporary luminescence spectroscopy, including general theoretical aspects, photoluminescence, ionoluminescence, thermoluminescence, different forms of sonoluminescence, mechanoluminescence, bioluminescence, and chemiluminescence. Critical reviews of single bubble sonoluminescence have appeared while further attention has been given to understanding the emission properties of complex molecules in solution, crystals and thin solid films. The kinetics of fluorescence quenching, including fast bimolecular reactions, have been reviewed while an overview of the effects of complexation on emission properties has been presented. This latter study is addressed primarily towards the use of non-radiative energy transfer between lanthanides and appropriate chelating functions. Recent trends in the analytical applications of chemiluminescence have been reviewed while the technique of laser flash photolysis has been summarized.

Many important aspects of electron-transfer reactions have been reviewed and current topics of research in this field have been highlighted. The possible application of electron-transfer processes in solar energy conversion has been considered and a comprehensive theoretical description of ultrafast electron transfer has been presented. This latter review covers most areas of electron transfer in condensed phase. A comparison of through-space and through-bond electron transfer has been made while additional interest has been given to the effects of separation distance on the rates of intramolecular electron-transfer events. The effect of the conformation of the spacer group on the rates of through-bond electron transfer has been considered for σ-bonded systems in solution. The similarity of electron transfer and exciplex chemistry has been noted. The theory of electron-transfer processes has been applied to ultrafast intermolecular reactions occurring in polar solvents. Light-induced charge separation has been reviewed for small clusters, bichromophoric molecules in the gas phase, and solvent-free donor-bridge-acceptor systems. The use of emission spectral data to estimate electron-transfer barriers and rate constants has been described in some detail. A comprehensive review has considered the importance of coherence and adiabaticity in ultrafast electron transfer while the effects of vibrational dynamics on the rates of non-radiative deactivation have been considered.

The stereodynamical aspects of light-induced bimolecular reactions, as studied by way of Doppler-resolved polarized laser pump-probe techniques, have been reviewed. Recent advances in theoretical and experimental understanding of ultrafast solvation processes have been highlighted with special reference to the role of high-frequency vibrational modes. The photoinduced electron-transfer reactions of cyclopropane derivatives have been described while the time scales for electron-transfer processes occurring in J-aggregates formed at AgBr surfaces have been analysed in terms of theoretical models. Various types of artificial antenna systems have been described, the photochemical reactions of stilbenes and related heterocyclic derivatives have been reviewed, and the photophysical properties of tetrapyrrolic pigments have been summarized. Special attention has been given to the photodissociation of NO from nitrosyl metalloporphyrins.

Considerable effort continues to be expended in the study of the photophysical processes taking place in transition metal complexes, especially with regard to the possible construction of light-activated molecular-scale devices. The photo-induced energy- and electron-transfer processes occurring in rigidly-linked Ru/Os complexes have been reviewed in considerable detail. Similar attention has been given to the light-induced electron-transfer reactions taking place in metal-organic dyads and in related supramolecular assemblies. The rational design of molecular devices based on luminescent transition metal complexes has been considered while the photophysics of transition metal complexes bound to nucleic acids have been reviewed. This latter study has concentrated on trying to identify new types of specific luminescent probes for DNA. A comprehensive review deals with pressure tuning of the photochemical properties of transition metal complexes in solution.

The technique of transient grating spectroscopy has been reviewed, with particular emphasis on its application to monitoring non-radiative deactivation. A unified theory of time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy and Stokes shift spectroscopy has appeared. A separate review has considered the chemical and photophysical events occurring from upper excited states as accessed by multiphoton absorption techniques.

3 Kinetic and Theoretical Considerations

The measurement of kinetic parameters remains a very important part of photochemistry and there have been several recent attempts to improve our understanding of the dynamics of complex processes occurring in...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2000
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 0854044256
• ISBN 13: 9780854044252
• Einband: Gebundene Ausgabe
• Anzahl der Seiten: 460
• Herausgeber: Gilbert A.
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Nicht verfügbar
• Verantwortliche Person: gpsr@libri.de; gpsr@libri.de; ; Europaallee 1; Bad Hersfeld; 36244; Deutschland