A guide to the technical and social problems involved in community well projects, with an extension and evaluation of the different types of hand pumps available. Many governments, with the assistance of official agencies and voluntary organisations, have tackled the water supply problems of rural communities by drilling tubewells and boreholes. Unfortunately, a vast number of the tubewells are useless in practice because thousands of the hand pumps have broken down. Why should this be so? This manual suggests that one of the major reasons for the breakdown is that the community or the village have not been adequately involved in the project in the first place, and have not accepted the social responsibility for the task of maintaining the pump. Of course many of the pumps themselves suffer from design faults and construction defects, but the hardware can fairly readily be repaired and design faults can be corrected. However, "an effective pump system is not simply a technological object but a conglomerate of technology, institutions and people" (WHO). This volume puts forward various strategies which, if followed, might overcome the social problems. It also examines and evaluates different types of pump, and puts forward a schedule of recommended work that should be undertaken by the community or the villager responsible for the pump. The book is a valuable contribution which should be read by all involved in development work, and particularly by those concerned with rural water supplies. Arnold Pacey is a freelance writer on technology. He was a lecturer in the history of technology at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology from 1964 to 1972. From 1973 to 1976 he was with Oxfam GB. He was connected with Intermediate Technology Development Group since 1969, and, as a member of their Water Panel, edited Water for the Thousand Millions, the panel's paper for the 1977 United Nations Water Conference. He is also the author of The Maze of Ingenuity: Ideas and Idealism in the Technology of Development (Allen Lane).
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Arnold Pacey was lecturer at the University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, 1963-72; editor for Oxfam, 1973-74; Associate Lecturer at the Open University, Yorkshire Region, Leeds, 1976-2000; and retired in 2001.
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