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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated.1905 Excerpt: ... LECTURE VI. Although I have spoken of the trade union as the "workman's agent," you must not suppose that all the working men in England are trade unionists, or that all industrial contracts are made through the agency of the trade unions. This is far from being the case. Individual bargaining is still the rule, and collective bargaining the exception. According to the Report of the Labour Commission of 1891-94, the total membership of trade unions in England is something between 871,000 and 1,500,000. In Webb's "History of Trade Unionism" the number is given in 1892 as between 1,500,000 and i,6oo,coo, certainly not exceeding the latter figure. Taking the number at a million and a half, the conclusion seems to be that trade unionists are about 4 per cent. only of the total population of England, and 20 per cent, of the adult male working class. They are, however--and this is one of the secrets of their strength--most unequally distributed both as to trades and localities. Nearly all the large permanent unions exist in the skilled trades. Considerably more than half of the total number of trade unionists belong to the engineering, building, mining, or textile industries. Unions amongst unskilled workers, to quote again the Labour Commission Report, 1892, "have been apt to rise suddenly, enrol a large number of members, and then as quickly decline." The Dockers' Union, founded in 1889, is an illustration of the truth of this statement. A still better illustration is afforded by the history of trade unionism amongst agricultural labourers. The agricultural unions, which rose so rapidly soon after 1830, were practically killed by the prosecution of the Dorchester labourers in 1833. They revived again under the leadership of Mr. Joseph Arch in the early part of ...
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