Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis: Third Edition - Softcover

Goldstein, Joseph; Newbury, Dale E.; Joy, David C.; Lyman, Charles E.; Echlin, Patrick; Lifshin, Eric; Sawyer, Linda; Michael, J.R.

Softcover

ISBN 10: 1461349699 ISBN 13: 9781461349693

Verlag: Springer, 2013

Inhaltsangabe

In the decade since the publication of the second edition of Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis, there has been a great expansion in the capabilities of the basic scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the x-ray spectrometers. The emergence of the variab- pressure/environmental SEM has enabled the observation of samples c- taining water or other liquids or vapor and has allowed for an entirely new class of dynamic experiments, that of direct observation of che- cal reactions in situ. Critical advances in electron detector technology and computer-aided analysis have enabled structural (crystallographic) analysis of specimens at the micrometer scale through electron backscatter diffr- tion (EBSD). Low-voltage operation below 5 kV has improved x-ray spatial resolution by more than an order of magnitude and provided an effective route to minimizing sample charging. High-resolution imaging has cont- ued to develop with a more thorough understanding of how secondary el- trons are generated. The ?eld emission gun SEM, with its high brightness, advanced electron optics, which minimizes lens aberrations to yield an - fective nanometer-scale beam, and “through-the-lens” detector to enhance the measurement of primary-beam-excited secondary electrons, has made high-resolution imaging the rule rather than the exception. Methods of x-ray analysis have evolved allowing for better measurement of specimens with complex morphology: multiple thin layers of different compositions, and rough specimens and particles. Digital mapping has transformed classic x-ray area scanning, a purely qualitative technique, into fully quantitative compositional mapping.

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Springer
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2013
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 1461349699
• ISBN 13: 9781461349693
• Einband: Taschenbuch
• Auflage: 3
• Anzahl der Seiten: 708
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: ProductSafety@springernature.com; ProductSafety@springernature.com; ; Poststr. 9; Darmstadt; 64293; Deutschland