Verwandte Artikel zu Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their...
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of Volume 2.- 11 Measurement of Recessive Lethal Damage Over the Entire Genome and at Two Specific Loci in the ad-3 Region of a Two-Component Heterokaryon of Neurospora Crassa.- I. Introduction.- A. Use of a Two-Component Heterokaryon to Measure the Genetic Effects of Mutagenic Treatment.- B. The Spectrum of Recessive Lethal Mutations Detectable with a Two-Component Heterokaryon.- C. Characteristics of Strain 12-A Two-Component Heterokary on.- D. Assaying for Mutagenicity of Chemicals in Screening Programs.- II. Measurement of the Genetic Effects of Mutagenic Treatment.- A. General Methods of Treatment.- B. Tests for Mutagenicity on Growing Cultures.- C. Tests for Mutagenicity on Nongrowing Conidia.- D. Treatment with Mutagens.- E. Assaying for the Genetic Effects of Mutagenic Treatment.- F. Evaluation of Genetic Assays.- III. Characterization of Presumptive ad-3 Mutants.- A. Establishing a Silica Gel Stock Culture of Each Adenine-Requiring Strain.- B. Genetic Tests.- IV. Media and Chemical Solutions.- A. Media.- B. Chemical Solutions.- V. References.- 12 Aspergillus.- I. Introduction.- II. Life Cycle and Genetic Analysis.- A. The Vegetative Cycle.- B. The Sexual Cycle.- C. The Parasexual Cycle.- III. Mutation.- A. Gene Mutations.- B. Mutations of Quantity and Arrangement.- IV. Conclusions.- V. References.- 13 Higher Plants.- I. Introduction.- II. Test Systems.- A. Barley.- B. Pea.- C. Wheat and Other Polyploids.- D. Arabidopsis thaliana.- III. Compounds Tested for Mutagenic Activity by Treatment of Seeds.- A. Classification of Mutagens.- B. Quantitative Aspects.- C. Alkylating Agents.- D. Potential Unspecific Mutagens Active by Mechanisms Other Than Alkylation.- E. Agents Causing Specific Changes in DNA Bases.- IV. Special Techniques That Have a Higher Resolving Power.- A. Pollen Characters.- B. Somatic Mutant Sectors.- V. General Evaluation.- VI. Acknowledgments.- VII. References.- 14 Procedures for Culturing Diploid Cells and Preparation of Meiotic Chromosomes from Dwarf Species of Hamsters.- I. Introduction.- II. Background Information.- A. Brief Historical Account.- B. Breeding and Management.- C. General Characteristics of Animals and Cultured Cells.- D. Cytological Preparations.- E. Spontaneous Tumors.- III. Handling the Diploid Cell.- A. Cloning Operations.- B. Difficulties When Employing Single Type Serum Supplemented Media.- C. Cell Culture Media for Routine Propagation of Different Diploid Cell Types.- D. Combined Sera Supplements.- E. Phenotypic Features of Diploid Cells.- F. Initiation of Cell Cultures from Organs and Solid (Primary) Tumors.- G. Derivation of Diploid Cell Lines from Peritoneal Exudate.- H. Roller-Flask Cultures of Diploid Cell Lines.- IV. Spermatogonial and Meiotic Chromosome Preparations.- A. Partial Orchidectomy.- B. Hypotonic Treatment and Fixation.- C. Aceto-Carmine Squash Preparations.- D. Propiono-Carmine Squash Preparation.- E. Air-Dried Preparations.- F. Construction of a Low-Cost Centrifuge Tube "Flicker".- G. Preparation of Lactic-Acetic-Orcein.- H. Permanent Slides.- V. Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedure.- VI. Discussion.- VII. Acknowledgments.- VIII. References.- 15 Induction and Analysis of Gene Mutations in Mammalian Cells in Culture.- I. Introduction.- II. The Cell Material.- A. Species Origin.- B. Karyotypic Stability.- C. Plating or Cloning Efficiency.- D. Cold Storage of Cells.- III. Utilization of In Vivo Markers.- A. Morphological Markers.- B. Biochemical Markers.- C. Serological Markers.- D. Radiation-Sensitive Mutants.- IV. Detection of Recessive Mutations in Cell Cultures.- A. Heterozygosity of Autosomal Recessive Genes.- B. Aneuploidy for Autosomes.- C. Natural Monosomy of X Chromosomes in Normal Males or in XO Females.- D. Functional Monosomy of X Chromosomes in Normal Females.- E. Independent Mutation at Both Alleles in Homozygous Dominant Genes.- V. Selective Techniques for New Mutations in Cell Culture.- A. Mass Selection Method.- B. Lethal-Growth Method.- C. "Thymineless Dea
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