Project Planning and Management for Ecological Restoration (The Science and Practice of Ecological Restoration) - Hardcover
Inhaltsangabe
Concern over climate change and the ongoing challenges of managing degraded ecosystems have made the field of ecological restoration a growing focus in the agendas of national and international conservation organizations, including the United Nations. The problems facing us are both complex and urgent, and effective solutions are needed.
Project Planning and Management for Ecological Restoration presents principles of sound planning and management that will greatly increase the likelihood that completed projects will meet stakeholder expectations. John Rieger, John Stanley, and Ray Traynor have been involved in restoration activities for over thirty years and were part of the small group of restorationists who recognized the need for a professional organization and in 1987 founded the Society for Ecological Restoration. This book comes out of their experiences practicing restoration, conducting research, and developing and refining new techniques and methods.
In the book, the authors describe a process for planning and managing an ecological restoration project using a simple, four-faceted approach: planning, design, implementation, and aftercare. Throughout, the authors show how to incorporate principles of landscape ecology, hydrology, soil science, wildlife biology, genetics, and other scientific disciplines into project design and implementation. Illustrations, checklists, and tables are included to help practitioners recognize and avoid potential problems that may arise.
Project Planning and Management for Ecological Restoration provides a straightforward framework for developing and carrying out an ecological restoration project that has the highest potential for success. Professional and volunteer practitioners, land managers, and property owners can apply these guidelines to the wide variety of conditions and locations where restoration is needed. Long overdue, this book will inform and advance the effective practice of this rapidly expanding field.
Project Planning and Management for Ecological Restoration presents principles of sound planning and management that will greatly increase the likelihood that completed projects will meet stakeholder expectations. John Rieger, John Stanley, and Ray Traynor have been involved in restoration activities for over thirty years and were part of the small group of restorationists who recognized the need for a professional organization and in 1987 founded the Society for Ecological Restoration. This book comes out of their experiences practicing restoration, conducting research, and developing and refining new techniques and methods.
In the book, the authors describe a process for planning and managing an ecological restoration project using a simple, four-faceted approach: planning, design, implementation, and aftercare. Throughout, the authors show how to incorporate principles of landscape ecology, hydrology, soil science, wildlife biology, genetics, and other scientific disciplines into project design and implementation. Illustrations, checklists, and tables are included to help practitioners recognize and avoid potential problems that may arise.
Project Planning and Management for Ecological Restoration provides a straightforward framework for developing and carrying out an ecological restoration project that has the highest potential for success. Professional and volunteer practitioners, land managers, and property owners can apply these guidelines to the wide variety of conditions and locations where restoration is needed. Long overdue, this book will inform and advance the effective practice of this rapidly expanding field.
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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor
John Rieger is a practicing restoration ecologist, and cofounder and first president of the Society for Ecological Restoration. John Stanley is a practicing restoration ecologist consultant and cofounder of the Society for Ecological Restoration. Ray Traynor is a member of the executive team of the San Diego Association of Governments and registered landscape architect in the state of California.
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Project Planning and Management for Ecological Restoration
By John Rieger, John Stanley, Ray TraynorISLAND PRESS
Copyright © 2014 John Rieger, John Stanley, and Ray Traynor
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-61091-363-8All rights reserved.
Contents
ABOUT THE SOCIETY FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION,
FOREWORD,
PREFACE,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS,
INTRODUCTION,
PART I. Project Planning,
Chapter 1. Framework for Ecological Restoration,
Chapter 2. Restoration Project Management,
Chapter 3. Defining Your Project,
PART II. Project Design,
Chapter 4. Site Analysis,
Chapter 5. Design Approach,
Chapter 6. Design,
Chapter 7. Water and Soil,
Chapter 8. Plant Material,
PART III. Project Implementation,
Chapter 9. Restoration Project Documents,
Chapter 10. Construction and Installation,
PART IV. Project Aftercare,
Chapter 11. Maintenance and Stewardship,
Chapter 12. Weed Management and Invasive Species Control,
Chapter 13. Monitoring and Evaluation,
PART V. Synthesis of the Process,
Chapter 14. Bring It All Together,
Chapter 15. Synopsis,
APPENDIXES,
Appendix 1. Gantt Chart Primer,
Appendix 2. Project Cost Estimate Worksheet,
Appendix 3. Risk Management Steps,
Appendix 4. Project Evaluation and Review Technique,
Appendix 5. Site Analysis Checklist,
Appendix 6. Seed Quantity and Cost Calculation,
Appendix 7. Plant and Planting Specifications Worksheet,
Appendix 8. Checklist for Plan Review,
Appendix 9. Permits, Agreements, and Consultations That May Be Required for Ecological Restoration Projects in the United States,
Appendix 10. Completed Site Analysis Checklist for Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve,
GLOSSARY,
REFERENCES CITED,
ABOUT THE AUTHORS,
INDEX,
CHAPTER 1
Framework for Ecological Restoration
The size range and complexity of ecological restoration are broad. The uniqueness of each project site makes it challenging to follow a recipe-book approach. We have found that following a four-phase framework provides a structured approach to an ecological restoration project that will greatly help you advance your project with a minimum of wasted time and resources.
Four-Phase Framework
The four sequential phases of project development are (1) planning, (2) design, (3) implementation, and (4) aftercare. This framework applies to restoration projects regardless of size, ecosystem, or location. The framework approach emphasizes that the restoration practitioner begins with the end target in mind. It is structured to provide a more disciplined approach to the planning and design process, whereby objectives drive the action steps of the entire development process. Each step of project development can be divided into a series of "aspects" of the project. Starting with project management techniques and advancing through to aftercare, the focus is always on results. The process of project development may involve a few to several steps, depending on the complexity of the project. Each step should be carefully evaluated and, when appropriate, should incorporate lessons learned from previous experience. Attention at this point in plan development will help to avoid repeating failures, and will increase focus on achieving results, before moving on to the next step.
We encourage using the lists, tables, and figures as a starting point for organizing thoughts, data, plans, and actions as the project progresses through the four phases of its development. Use the flowcharts, tables, and checklists to begin the process of developing a sound and thorough ecological restoration plan. The flowcharts will help you understand the relationships among the many steps in conducting an ecological restoration project. The checklists and tables will help determine the specific information required at each step in the planning process so that requirements and other project commitments can be properly identified in advance to permit the smooth implementation of the project. The Plan Review Checklist (appendix 8) in the implementation phase is the result of numerous projects over many years as well as input from several individuals.
Project Planning
The foundations of a project are established in the planning phase, which will greatly facilitate project development through completion. The process of coordinating with the stakeholders and obtaining a consensus among project sponsors is critical to the project development process. Building this foundation is crucial for the successful operation of the project. Whether it is practiced consciously or unconsciously, project management is the foundation of all successfully implemented projects.
We encourage developing a well-crafted mission, goals, and objectives for your project (chapter 3). Enumerating and clarifying the project goals has several advantages. They can be recorded and remembered for use in future projects. They can be communicated to team members, sponsors, stakeholders, key decision makers, and regulatory agencies and argued in these settings as appropriate.
Goals and objectives will form the basis of many decisions, starting with design strategies, design approach, plant materials, and installation schedule. The process of developing goals and objectives will require thoughtful evaluation and coordination among the stakeholders. Consensus among project sponsors is critical in the project development process. All permitting or other regulatory agencies should actively participate in this important initial step of the process. Agency-permitted projects often add additional constraints to a project with specific conditions that need to be considered as early as possible because they will directly affect the process of identifying and quantifying the evaluation criteria used to judge the performance of the restoration effort. In addition, the conditions may add features not previously considered and could impact the budget and materials required.
Initially, goals and objectives can be identified in a small group, with participants who are more knowledgeable about the project site or the circumstances. This is the time to explore the maximum opportunities, to test the "what-ifs." Brainstorming ideas will set the initial foundation for the considered discussion that will follow. To help the initial brainstorming, it is important to conduct an initial site analysis. Results of a site analysis provide the basis for action steps. Some actions will be short term, and the results will be immediately noticeable. However, a thorough approach to restoration also focuses on the actions that have long-term implications. Once the approach has been initially laid out for the stakeholders and project sponsors, it will now be possible to conduct a more thorough site analysis and a SWOT-C analysis (a process of evaluating various factors identified during site analysis; see chapter 4), which will allow the final goals and objectives to be developed. Once agreed upon, the goals and objectives are then finalized and will establish the project requirements from which project plans and actions can be created. This systematic framework approach encourages the restoration practitioner to examine all of the factors that are at work on the project site that can influence the outcome of the restoration effort. The site analysis process introduced in chapter 4 requires a thorough, analytical approach to understanding the forces at work on the project site.
Not all plans...
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