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Executive Summary,
1. What Is Program Management?,
2. What Makes a Successful Program Manager?,
3. Program Strategy Alignment,
4. Program Benefits Realization and Management,
5. Stakeholder Engagement,
6. Program Governance and Team Management,
7. Program Life Cycle Management,
8. Program Management Infrastructure,
9. Effective Program Management,
10. Future of Program Management,
11. Program Management Community of Practice,
12. Glossary,
13. References,
14. About the Author,
What Is Program Management?
The chapter constructs a time line that depicts key milestones in the evolution of the program and project management industries. It analyzes the program management industry's current state, identifying gaps, the closure of which will ensure future industry growth. It defines a program and compares it to a project and a portfolio, illustrating roles that each play in executing organizational strategy. The chapter also delineates why organizations deploy programs and how organizations execute them.
The chapter includes the following sections:
• Program management industry history and current state;
• Program, project, and portfolio definitions;
• Why organizations deploy programs;
• Program management performance domains; and
• Program life cycle management.
Program Management Industry History and Current State
To ensure the organization is successfully and effectively employing program management, it is important to understand the history of the program management industry as well as its current state. The program management industry is affected by the project management industry in many ways. So, to understand how the program management industry evolved, we will construct a time line that shows key milestones in the evolution of the program and project management industries. We will also analyze the current state of the program management industry and identify gaps, the closure of which will ensure future industry growth.
Program management evolved in the 1940s in the United States military. The Manhattan Project, which created the atomic bomb, first used program management concepts. However, it was not until the 1980s when some commercial companies started to adopt program management concepts and tools in their operations.
Project management evolved at around same time as program management. In the 1950s, organizations started to apply formalized project management approaches, tools, and techniques. However, for thousands of years, dating as far back as to the time of the construction of the Egyptian pyramids and the Great Wall of China, mankind practiced forms of project management.
The time line in Figure 1-1 depicts key milestones in the evolution of the program and project management industries:
1940
1. In the 1940s, the Manhattan Project, which created the atomic bomb, first introduced program management concepts.
1950
2. In the 1950s, the Atlas project that created the first U.S. intercontinental ballistic missile, used program management practices.
3. Project management practice in the modern sense began in the 1950s. Even though in some form, project management concepts were used in early civilizations.
4. Program management's first documented evidence dates back to 1957, when the U.S. Department of the Navy formed the first program office, called the Special Project Office (SPO).
1969
5. Project Management Institute (PMI) was founded in 1969.
1971
6. The first program management course was conducted by The College of Defence Management in 1971.
1974
7. The first PMI chapter was chartered in Houston, Texas in 1974.
1980
8. Program management practice started to expand into public and private organizations in many industries.
9. The manufacturing and software development sectors used project management practices.
1984
10. In 1984, PMI instituted the Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification.
1990
11. Program management practice continued to expand, and organizations began defining program management and started developing homegrown methodologies for program execution. Definitions and methodologies were not standardized and varied significantly among different organizations.
12. Different industries and organizations widely used project management theories, tools, and techniques.
1996
13. PMI first published A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) in 1996. The guide provided the project management industry with standardized definitions and methodologies.
2006
14. PMI first published The Standard for Program Management in 2006. To date, PMI published two subsequent editions. The standard provided the program management industry with standardized definitions and methodologies.
15. Pulse of the Profession®, the project management industry annual report, was first published by PMI in 2006. The program management industry does not have an industry report. However, the project management industry reports frequently include program management industry data.
2007
16. In 2007, PMI instituted the Program Management Professional (PgMP)® certification.
2010
17. The program management industry continued to grow and reported that, in 2010, 62% and in 2011, 65% of organizations always or often used program management.
18. The project management industry continued to grow and reported that, in 2010, 59% and in 2011, 63% of organizations used standardized project management across all departments.
19. Program Management Professional (PgMP)® certification holders included 1,200 persons, as reported by PMI in February 2015.
2015
20. Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification holders included 647,663 persons, as reported by PMI in February 2015.
21. The Program Management Professional (PgMP)® certification did not have a page in Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, in December 2015, as shown in Figure 1-2. The Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification does have a page in Wikipedia.
The key milestones in the evolution of the program and project management industries time line contained a few terms that are defined as follows:
The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international organization advancing the professional field of project management. It does this by setting standards, through certified education and development, and by conducting research and professional conferencing.
The Project Management Professional (PMP)® is the most important industry-recognized certification for project managers.
The Program Management Professional (PgMP)® is a visible sign of your advanced experience and skill and gives you a distinct advantage in employment and promotion.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) is a set of...
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