Environmental analysis techniques have advanced due to the use of nanotechnologies in improving the detection sensitivity and miniaturization of the devices in analytical procedures. These allow for developments such as increases in analyte concentration, the removal of interfering species and improvements in the detection limits. Bridging a gap in the literature, this book uniquely brings together state-of-the-art research in the applications of novel nanomaterials to each of the classical components of environmental analysis, namely sample preparation and extraction, separation and identification by spectroscopic techniques. Special attention is paid to those approaches that are considered greener and reduce the cost of the analysis process both in terms of chemicals and time consumption.
Advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers at the forefront of environmental science and engineering will find this book a good source of information. It will also help regulators, decision makers, surveillance agencies and the organizations assessing the impact of pollutants on the environment.
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Environmental analysis techniques have advanced due to the use of nanotechnologies in improving the detection sensitivity and miniaturization of the devices in analytical procedures. These allow for developments such as increases in analyte concentration, the removal of interfering species and improvements in the detection limits. Bridging a gap in the literature, this book uniquely brings together state-of-the-art research in the applications of novel nanomaterials to each of the classical components of environmental analysis, namely sample preparation and extraction, separation and identification by spectroscopic techniques. Special attention is paid to those approaches that are considered greener and reduce the cost of the analysis process both in terms of chemicals and time consumption.
Advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers at the forefront of environmental science and engineering will find this book a good source of information. It will also help regulators, decision makers, surveillance agencies and the organizations assessing the impact of pollutants on the environment.
Environmental analysis techniques have advanced due to the use of nanotechnologies in improving the detection sensitivity and miniaturization of the devices in analytical procedures. These allow for developments such as increases in analyte concentration, the removal of interfering species and improvements in the detection limits. Bridging a gap in the literature, this book uniquely brings together state-of-the-art research in the applications of novel nanomaterials to each of the classical components of environmental analysis, namely sample preparation and extraction, separation and identification by spectroscopic techniques. Special attention is paid to those approaches that are considered greener and reduce the cost of the analysis process both in terms of chemicals and time consumption.
Advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers at the forefront of environmental science and engineering will find this book a good source of information. It will also help regulators, decision makers, surveillance agencies and the organizations assessing the impact of pollutants on the environment.
Section I: Introduction-Perspective of Analytical Sciences, Properties, Mechanism of Adsorption on Nanomaterials,
Chapter 1 Perspective on Analytical Sciences and Nanotechnology Deepali Sharma, Suvardhan Kanchi, Krishna Bisetty and Venkatasubba Naidu Nuthalapati, 3,
Chapter 2 Novel Synthetic Techniques for Nanomaterials Jesús Prado-Gonjal, Romain Heuguet, Sylvain Marinel, Emilio Morán and Rainer Schmidt, 35,
Chapter 3 Fractal Properties of Nanoparticle Aggregation Jianchao Cai, Yiwen Ju, Xiangyun Hu and Boming Yu, 58,
Chapter 4 Removal of Pollutants from the Environment Using Sorbents and Nanocatalysts H. R. Aghabozorg and S. Sadegh Hassani, 74,
Chapter 5 Mechanism of Adsorption on Nanomaterials Rani Bushra, Anees Ahmed and Mohammad Shahadat, 90,
Chapter 6 Adsorption and Desorption on Nanostructured Materials Rohama Gill, Quratulain Nadeem and Mohamed Bououdina, 112,
Chapter 7 Nanomaterials for Heavy Metal Removal S. Azzaza, R. Thinesh Kumar, J. Judith Vijaya and M. Bououdina, 139,
Chapter 8 Adsorption Selectivity of Boron Nitride Nanostructures Designed for Environmental Protection Levan Chkhartishvili, Lina Sartinska and Tsiuri Ramishvili, 167,
Chapter 9 Environmental Applications of Iron-Containing Nanomaterials: Synthetic Routes, Structures, Compositions and Properties Víctor Manuel Jiménez-Pérez, Oxana V Kharissova and Blanca M. Muñoz Flores, 193,
Section II: Sample Preparation and Extraction Techniques with Nanomaterials,
Chapter 10 Sample Preparation and Extraction Techniques Using Nanomaterials Mostafa Khajeh, Kamran Dastafkan, Mousa Bohlooli and Mansour Ghaffari-Moghaddam, 223,
Chapter 11 Nanomaterials in Extraction Techniques Krystyna Pyrzynska, 284,
Chapter 12 Pretreatment Processes for the Analysis of Organic Pollutants with Nanomaterials Amirhassan Amiri, 306,
Section III: Separation Techniques with Nanomaterials (Chromatography and Membranes Applications of Nanomaterials),
Chapter 13 Separation Techniques with Nanomaterials: Chromatography and Membrane Applications of Nanomaterials Elizabeth Guihen, 357,
Chapter 14 Advanced Environmental Engineering Separation Processes, Environmental Analysis and Application of Nanotechnology: A Far-Reaching Review Sukanchan Palit, 377,
Chapter 15 Application of Nanomaterials in Membrane Technology Soumitra Kar and R. C. Bindal, 417,
Chapter 16 Nanocellulose: A Novel Support for Water Purification Runcy Wilson, Jithin Joy, Gejo George and V Anuraj, 456,
Section IV: Spectroscopic Techniques with Nanomaterials,
Chapter 17 Detection of Environmental Pollutants by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Monica Potara, Cosmin Farcau, Ioan Botiz and Simion Astilean, 479,
Chapter 18 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with Nanomaterials M. Umadevi and A. Milton Franklin Benial, 504,
Subject Index, 520,
Volume 2 Section V: New Trends in Environmental Analysis (Magnetic NMs, Nano-Sensors, Nano-Bio Sensors etc.,),
Chapter 19 Magnetic Nanomaterials for Environmental Analysis Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, 3,
Chapter 20 New Nanoscaled Paramagnetic Complexes (NPCs) Based on Porphyrins/Phthalocyanines for Environmental Chemistry V. V. Korolev, T N. Lomova, D. V Korolev, A. G. Ramazanova, E. G. Mozhzhukhina and E. N. Ovchenkova, 14,
Chapter 21 Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Sensing Toxic Air Pollutants D. G. Rickerby and A. N. Skouloudis, 48,
Chapter 22 Endotoxin Monitoring Using Nanomaterials Zeynep Altintas, 91,
Chapter 23 Nanozyme-Based Environmental Monitoring Pabudi Weerathunge, Tarun Kumar Sharma, Rajesh Ramanathan and Vipul Bansal, 108,
Chapter 24 Graphene-Based Gas Sensors Gennady Gerasimov, 133,
Chapter 25 Photocatalytic Degradation of Natural and Synthetic Estrogens with Semiconducting Nanoparticles Irwing M. Ramírez-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel Méndez-Rojas and Erick R. Bandala, 153,
Chapter 26 Smart Composite Materials for Environmental Decontamination Alex T. Kuvarega, Ajay Kumar Mishra and Bhekie B. Mamba, 178,
Chapter 27 Nanostructured Oxide Materials for Photodegradation of Dyes F. Bensouici, R. Tala-Ighil and M. Bououdina]TC1 TC1[207,
Section VI: Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Purification,
Chapter 28 Desalination of Irrigation Water, Livestock Water, and Reject Brine Using n-ZVM (Fe0, Al0, Cu0) David D. J. Antia, 237,
Section VII: Various Important Aspects About Nanomaterials (Toxicity, Economic and Legal),
Chapter 29 Nanomaterial Toxicity Ivan Pacheco and Cristina Buzea, 275,
Chapter 30 Legal Aspects of Environmental Safety Regulation in the Sphere of Nanotechnology in the Russian Federation E. A. Belokrylova, 325,
Chapter 31 Nanotechnology and International Environmental Law: A Preliminary Assessment Md. Ershadul Karim and Abu Bakar Munir, 348,
Section VIII: Monitoring and Analysis of Nanomaterials,
Chapter 32 Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis for Nanomaterials Hong-Chun Wu, 383,
Section IX: Future of Environmental Analysis,
Chapter 33 Consequences of the Use of Nanomaterials for Environmental Analysis: Fate, Transport and Bioavailability in the Environment Rute F. Domingos, 399,
Chapter 34 Conclusions, 413,
Subject Index, 416,
Perspective on Analytical Sciences and Nanotechnology
DEEPALI SHARMA, SUVARDHAN KANCHI, KRISHNA BISETTY AND VENKATASUBBA NAIDU NUTHALAPATI
Introduction
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is the science that deals with the engineering and manipulation of functional materials on an atomic, molecular and supramolecular scale where there is a significant change in the properties from those at larger scale. It encompasses the different scientific phenomena that develop in all the dimensions ranging from atom clusters, molecular aggregates, supramolecular structures, polymers and biomolecules. In other words, nanoscale technology refers to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size. In the case of 'nano', it is difficult to distinguish between the science and technology as both feed on each other. Science involves theory and experiment whereas technology involves the development, applications and commercial implications. A generalized description of nanotechnology has been established by the National Nano-technology Initiative, which defines it as a science working in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. It is a revolutionary science paving the way in almost all fields in the domain of human activity.
Nanotechnology involves two main approaches for the fabrication of materials. The 'bottom-up' approach first leads to the formation of nanostructured building blocks and then assembling them into a final material by principles of molecular recognition. The 'top-down' approach involves the construction of nano-objects from larger entities without atomic-level control. This technique is similar to the approach used by the semiconductor industry for the formation of devices out of an electronic substrate utilizing pattern formation, such as electron beam lithography and pattern transfer processes (reactive ion etching), thereby creating structures at the nanoscale. Analytical science (chemistry) gives a thrust to...
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