Complexity of Transboundary Water Conflicts: Enabling Conditions for Negotiating Contingent Resolutions (Anthem Water Diplomacy) - Hardcover

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 1783088699 ISBN 13: 9781783088690

Verlag: Anthem Press, 2018

Inhaltsangabe

'Complexity of Transboundary Water Conflicts' seeks to understand transboundary water issues as complex systems with contingent conditions and possibilities. To address those conditions and leverage the possibilities it introduces the concept of enabling conditions as a pragmatic way to identify and act on the emergent possibilities to resolve transboundary water issues.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Enamul Choudhury is a professor in the School of Public and International Affairs at Wright State University, USA. His teaching areas include courses in the master of public administration program and political science.

Shafiqul Islam is professor of civil and environmental engineering and professor of water diplomacy at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, USA. Director of the Water Diplomacy Program, Islam works on availability, access and allocation of water within the context of climate challenges, health and diplomacy.

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Complexity of Transboundary Water Conflicts

Enabling Conditions for Negotiating Contingent Resolutions

By Enamul Choudhury, Shafiqul Islam

Wimbledon Publishing Company

Copyright © 2018 Enamul Choudhury and Shafiqul Islam editorial matter and selection
All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-1-78308-869-0

Contents

List of Illustrations, vii, 
Foreword Lawrence Susskind, ix, 
Prologue Enamul Choudhury and Shafiqul Islam, xi, 
Part I The Conceptual Argument of the Book and a Case Illustration, 
Chapter One Complexity and Contingency: Understanding Transboundary Water Issues Shafiqul Islam and Enamul Choudhury, 3, 
Chapter Two The Meaning and Logic of Enablement to Explain Complexity and Contingent Actions Enamul Choudhury and Shafiqul Islam, 27, 
Chapter Three Bridging Complexity and Contingency: Role of Three Enabling Conditions to Resolve Water Conflicts in the Indus and Jordan Basins Enamul Choudhury and Shafiqul Islam, 47, 
Part II River Basins around the World: Case Studies, 
Chapter Four The Resolve to Cooperate on Danube: Enabling Conditions for Transboundary Water Cooperation Tahira Syed, 77, 
Chapter Five Governance of the Brahmaputra Sub-basin: Exploring the Enabling Conditions Nilanjan Ghosh and Jayanta Bandyopadhyay, 99, 
Chapter Six The Ganges River Water Sharing Agreement between Bangladesh and India: In Search of New Mechanisms to Meet New Challenges Ashok Swain, 129, 
Chapter Seven Agreement on Declaration of Principles on the GERD: Interdependence or Leveling the Nile Basin Playing Field? Salman M. A. Salman, 145, 
Chapter Eight Reflections on the Colorado River Kevin Wheeler, 173, 
Part III Critical Reflection on the Argument of Complexity and Contingency and the Role of Enabling Conditions, 
Chapter Nine Building a Shared Understanding in Water Management Bruno Verdini, 191, 
Chapter Ten Zayandehrud Water Issues: How Can a Negotiated Approach Be Developed? Mehdi Fasihi Harandi, 201, 
Chapter Eleven Reflections on Enabling Conditions through the Lens of Power Asymmetry Naho Mirumachi, 217, 
Chapter Twelve Is the Engagement of Third Parties an Enabling Condition of Transboundary Water Cooperation? Paula Hanasz, 225, 
Chapter Thirteen From Pulp to Paper: How Understanding Laws Enhances Cooperation and Enables Water Security Alexandra Campbell-Ferrari and Luke Wilson, 239, 
Epilogue Shafiqul Islam and Enamul Choudhury, 253, 
Notes on Contributors, 259, 
Index, 263, 

CHAPTER 1

COMPLEXITY AND CONTINGENCY: UNDERSTANDING TRANSBOUNDARY WATER ISSUES

Shafiqul Islam and Enamul Choudhury

1. Transboundary Water Management: A Brief Overview

There are approximately three hundred surface water basins and six hundred aquifers that cross international boundaries. Many more watersheds cross subnational jurisdictions. Competing and conflicting needs and demands for water in these basins as well as changing demography, socioeconomic conditions and climate are drawing increased attention to transboundary water management (TWM) issues from several disciplines and communities (e.g., Biswas and Hashimoto 1996; Elhance 1999; Turton and Henwood 2002; Pahl-Wostl 2004; Wolf 2006; Tal and Rabbo 2010; Earle et al. 2010; Subramanian et al. 2012; Mirumachi 2015; Petersen-Perlman et al. 2017).

TWM problems are shaped by many natural, societal and political interactions of elements (hereafter, "elements" will be used to mean variables, processes, actors and institutions within a TWM system). We begin by briefly describing four dominant approaches in TWM based on their frequent and growing usage in the literature. We hasten to add that these labels are more stylistic than analytical in use and purpose. Admittedly, such a categorization or labeling generally does injustice to actual positions. Yet, we hope, such a labeling may help to focus attention on current thinking — instead of citing, supporting or refuting any particular position — found in the writings of scholars and practitioners.

Hydro-management Approach: This approach is based on the notion of applying science to solve water problems using primarily expert knowledge about natural variables and processes. Social and political processes are usually left out or included as exogenous variables. Earlier conceptualizations of the hydraulic mission and integrated water resources management fall into this group. Proponents of this approach take the position that science-based management is a good idea, although they agree that it suffers from methodological imprecision and implementation difficulties when natural and societal processes are coupled. This approach faces growing challenges created by the awareness of irreducibility of uncertainty in scientific findings for policy actions.

Hydro-market Approach: This approach brings market forces and processes as an integral element of the water management process. It does so through the market mechanisms of pricing of scarce resources, internalizing externalities and trading of resources across sectors. The hydro-market approach is facilitated by innovations in technology and information processing and their use in promoting efficiency and conservation.

Hydro-politics Approach: At a broad level, two patterns of hydro-politics are apparent: (a) Hydro-hegemony Approach argues that the inequity and unsustainable practices that we confront are not simply the result of securitization but lie in the deep structure of society — the power, resource and information inequity that current social structures create and reproduce. This approach provides a pathway of effective TWM by challenging the power asymmetries and proposing changes in the institutions. (b) Hydro-democracy Approach is based on democratizing institutional practice to make policy and decision-making processes more inclusive, transparent and representative. The increasing use and expansion of stakeholders and making their participation effective thus form the operational strategy for this approach. The inclusion of feminist perspectives and diverse communities, including religious and indigenous groups, is part of the hydro-democracy approach.

Hydro-diplomacy Approach: This approach is based on the premise that water governance and management is, by definition, about conflict management. There is no such thing as managing water for a single purpose — all water management is multi-objective and based on competing and conflicting needs. Hydro-diplomacy draws on the features of three other approaches and emphasizes the interests of contending parties to arrive at a mutually advantageous solution through a carefully crafted negotiation process.

At the risk of being too simplistic — by focusing on the most dominant attribute of any of the four approaches outlined above — one can argue that if we get the science (hydro-management) or market (hydro-market) or power and participation (hydropolitics) or the process (hydro-diplomacy) right, TWM will work well. Of course, none of these approaches exclusively rely on one attribute and usually qualify their position by addressing TWM problems as "wicked" or "complex" (e.g., Biswas and Hashimoto 1996; Elhance 1999; Turton and Henwood 2002; Pahl-Wostl 2004; Wolf 2006; Tal and Rabbo 2010; Earle et al. 2010; Mirumachi 2015; Petersen-Perlman et al. 2017).

The questions of whether and how to harness transboundary water for irrigation, hydropower generation, urban development and sustainability...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Anthem Press
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2018
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 1783088699
• ISBN 13: 9781783088690
• Einband: Gebundene Ausgabe
• Anzahl der Seiten: 294
• Herausgeber: Choudhury Enamul, Islam Shafiqul
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: preigu GmbH & Co. KG; mail@preigu.de; ; Lengericher Landstr. 19; Osnabrück; Niedersachsen; 49078; Deutschland