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Inhaltsangabe
This volume shares the results of research conducted within and across the complex nexus of language, religion and new technologies. It identifies the dynamic and mobile ways religious practice and language interact online to modify, confirm, transform and consolidate linguistic resources and repertoires. It makes a significant contribution to work in the emerging sub-discipline of the sociology of language and religion and adds to the growing work on digital religion. It also showcases leading and ground-breaking researchers working on online and offline examples of the complex relationships evinced by the study of language and religion. The chapter authors explore a wide range of religions, technologies and languages in order to provide an innovative insight into the overlap between the study of language and religion and language and technology.
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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor
Andrey Rosowsky is a Senior Lecturer in Education at the University of Sheffield, UK. He is the author of Heavenly Readings: Liturgical Literacy in a Multilingual Context (Multilingual Matters, 2008).
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Faith and Language Practices in Digital Spaces
By Andrey RosowskyMultilingual Matters
Copyright © 2018 Andrey Rosowsky and the authors of individual chapters
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-78309-927-6All rights reserved.
Contents
Contents, v,
Acknowledgements, vii,
Figures, viii,
Tables, x,
Contributors, xi,
1 Faith and Language Practices in Digital Spaces: An Introduction Andrey Rosowsky, 1,
Part 1: Faith, Language and Social Media,
2 Re-Parishing in Social Media: Identity-Based Virtual Faith Communities and Physical Parishes Thor Sawin, 19,
3 Facebook: A Medium for the Language Planning of Migrant Churches Ana Souza, 45,
Part 2: Faith, Language and Transnational Online Practices,
4 Ifa, the Word and the Virtual World: A Study of the Perceptions of and Attitudes toward Ifa Religious Tradition on the Internet L. Oladipo Salami, 71,
5 Globalising Yoruba Taboos and their Sociocultural and Religious Values Iyabode Deborah Akande, 91,
6 Yiddish Wikipedia: History Revisited Tatjana Soldat-Jaffe, 113,
Part 3: Faith, Language and Online Televangelism,
7 Digital Evangelism: Varieties of English in Unexpected Places Tope Omoniyi, 135,
8 American Muslim Televangelists as Religious Celebrities: The Changing 'Face' of Religious Discourse Shaimaa El Naggar, 158,
Part 4: Faith, Language and Online Ritual,
9 Online Satsang and Online Puja: Faith and Language in the Era of Globalisation Rajeshwari V. Pandharipande, 185,
10 Virtual Allegiance: Online 'Bay ah' Practices within a Worldwide Sufi Order Andrey Rosowsky, 209,
Part 5: Afterword,
11 Afterword Bernard Spolsky, 237,
Index, 242,
CHAPTER 1
Faith and Language Practices in Digital Spaces: An Introduction
Andrey Rosowsky
This is a challenging book. And writing its introduction is a challenging task in a number of ways. Firstly, this edited volume challenges the reader to make sense of a wide range of theory, context and data from different academic fields that, while diverse and in themselves complex, are nevertheless constrained within the nexus of faith, technology and language. Unlike some interdisciplinary work, which might lead the researcher to wherever the data takes him or her, there is here a self-imposed limitation to explore and account for specifically faith, linguistic and technological practices in their intricate and intimate relationship with one another. Such a limitation is imposed, of course, in the spirit of practicality, cohesion and realism. Any two of these areas would provide a lifetime's wealth of study for many of us. The addition of a third – which is not simply a context but a dynamic and independent academic path in itself – poses a serious challenge in coming up with coherent, meaningful and relevant insights and conclusions. It is, though, a necessary framework for making sense of this particular nexus within the complex, stochastic and fluid set of social processes which characterise the present age.
Furthermore, many of the chapters in this volume owe part of their origin to the pioneering work done by others in the field of the sociology of language and religion (SLR), a fledgling discipline which also tries to marry two very independent and historically recognised academic fields. Looking over our shoulders throughout this book, and I am sure of his presence now overlooking my computer as I write, is the sociolinguistic figure and legacy of the late Joshua Fishman (1927–2015), who throughout his life, but particularly towards the end of it, never ceased questioning the always giving connection between language and religion (Fishman & Omoniyi, 2006). More on this later.
Secondly, this book has been a challenge for its contributors and its editor, as despite the self-imposed constraints provided by our tridental focus, or because of them, a very wide range of contexts have been identified as having something important to say about the way that faith and language interrelate through technology, particularly in this case, new technologies. A point that needs to be made from the start is that our conceptualisations of language and religion are broad and multifaceted. This is justifiable from a couple of perspectives. Firstly, the collection of authors in this volume draws on a number of different, but related, fields of research, each of which approaches the study of language and/or religion from a certain direction. The second justification is the inherent difficulty in coming up with satisfactory working definitions that encompass all the research included. In respect of religion, Fishman (2006: 14) famously said 'I am not prepared to define "religion" per se, accepting that the behaviors, beliefs and values that are deigned to be religious are more diverse than any of us are currently aware of'. The most one can say about 'language' in the context of this volume, that is consistently valid and meaningful, is that all contributors, whatever their discipline, treat language as a social practice.
This volume attempts to maintain a focus as much as possible on the three discrete areas of faith, language and digital (or online) spaces. The latter phrase I use here as a catch-all term to denote online communications and interactions either via computers, handheld devices or other forms of mobile technology. All three of these areas already have their 'sociologies' albeit the latter of more recent origin than the other two. The first, religion, has antecedents reaching back to Durkheim and Weber, while the second, language, it could be argued has its origins in the work of Saussure who made the important academic distinction between language in theory (langue) and language in practice (parole), though strictly speaking, the fundamentals of the sociology of language were established in the 1960s with the work of Labov, Fishman and Hymes. Thirdly, as befitting such a rapidly changing field of inquiry, it is easier to refer to a journal rather than any one scholar for research into new technologies and communication. The Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication has been at the forefront of this field for a number of years and the Journal of Sociolinguistics has had at least one issue dedicated to language and online spaces (10/4, 2006). While mentioning journals, it is also worth noting the existence of an online journal specifically focusing on online religion/religion online, the Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet, which has been around since 2005 and is now into its ninth volume. The present volume, then, differs from these other approaches in seeking to submit all three of these areas, in combination, to scholarly gaze. It takes its place, therefore, within these three fields and offers a forum for their interaction and mutual effects.
The Sociology of Language and Religion
In Fishman's (2006) Decalogue, which outlines the principles underpinning any future SLR, a number of its precepts are relevant to a volume of this nature. His first precept is that a 'language (or variety) of religion always functions within a larger multilingual/multivarietal repertoire' (Fishman, 2006: 14), which speaks clearly to the findings of a number of authors here in that digital spaces, either technologically determined or, at least, influenced or shaped, encourage newer or transformed varieties of language which are thus added to a community's or individual's repertoire. Of course, evidence has to be presented that (a) such digital spaces are responsible in some way for...
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