Hierarchical Nanostructures for Energy Devices (Rsc Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 35) - Hardcover

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 1849736286 ISBN 13: 9781849736282

Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014

Inhaltsangabe

Surface area has a directly relationship with the efficiency of energy devices. Hierarchical nanostructuring has the potential to greatly increase surface area, and their electrical properties are favourable, not only to energy generation and storage, but also energy-consuming electronic circuits.

This book provides systematic coverage of how nanostructured materials can be applied to energy devices, with an emphasis on the process of generation to storage and consumption. The fundamentals (including properties, characterisation and synthesis) are clearly presented across the first chapters of the book, providing readers new to the field with a clear overview of this expanding topic. The detailed discussion of applications will be an inspiration to those already well-versed in the field.

The editors have more than a decade of experience in working on all aspects of energy generation and storage - in academia, national laboratories and industry. The book presents a balanced view from all sectors and is presented in a format accessible by postgraduate students and professional researchers alike.

Über diesen Titel

Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Professor Grigoropoulos is based at University of California at Berkeley. Current research interests are in laser materials processing and micro/nanomachining, fundamental investigation of rapid change of phase transformations and ultra-fast laser interactions with materials, thin film crystal growth for the fabrication of high-definition flat panel displays and large area electronics, microscale fuel cells, hydrogen storage, microscale fluid mechanics. Established the Laser Thermal Laboratory, credited with innovative experimental studies and state of the art computational and theoretical modeling. Conducted research at the Mechanical Engineering Sciences Laboratory of the Xerox Webster Research Center, the IBM Almaden Research Center, the Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL-FORTH), Greece. Publications: 125 research papers in archival Journals, 9 research review chapters, 3 patents, 1 monograph Transport in Laser Microfabrication, to appear with Cambridge University Press (2008). Honors and Awards: Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Miller Professor for Basic Research in Science (1999). Visiting Professor at ETH, Zurich, Switzerland (2000, 2009). Associate Editor of Journal of Heat Transfer (2002-2005). Associate Editor of International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (2002 - ), Heat Transfer Memorial Award (2007).

Von der hinteren Coverseite

Surface area has a directly relationship with the efficiency of energy devices. Hierarchical nanostructuring has the potential to greatly increase surface area, and their electrical properties are favourable, not only to energy generation and storage, but also energy-consuming electronic circuits.

This book provides systematic coverage of how nanostructured materials can be applied to energy devices, with an emphasis on the process of generation to storage and consumption. The fundamentals (including properties, characterisation and synthesis) are clearly presented across the first chapters of the book, providing readers new to the field with a clear overview of this expanding topic. The detailed discussion of applications will be an inspiration to those already well-versed in the field.

The editors have more than a decade of experience in working on all aspects of energy generation and storage - in academia, national laboratories and industry. The book presents a balanced view from all sectors and is presented in a format accessible by postgraduate students and professional researchers alike.

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Hierarchical Nanostructures for Energy Devices

By Seung Hwan Ko, Costas P. Grigoropoulos

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-1-84973-628-2

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction: Hierarchical Nanostructures for Energy Devices Seung Hwan Ko, 1, 
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Hierarchical Nanostructures Jinhwan Lee and Seung Hwan Ko, 7, 
Chapter 3 Nanotechnology's Wonder Material: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Jung Bin In and Aleksandr Noy, 26, 
Chapter 4 Hierarchical Nanostructures for Solar Cells Junyeob Yeo and Seung Hwan Ko, 59, 
Chapter 5 Hierarchical Nanostructures for Fuel Cells and Fuel Reforming Nico Hotz, 84, 
Chapter 6 Thermoelectric Materials and Devices Chanyoung Kang, Hongchao Wang, Je-Hyeong Bahk, Hoon Kim and Woochul Kim, 107, 
Chapter 7 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Nanofibers Jiyoung Chang and Liwei Lin, 142, 
Chapter 8 Hierarchical Nanostructures for Photo-Electro-Chemical Cells Daeho Lee and Costas P. Grigoropoulos, 174, 
Chapter 9 Hierarchical Nanostructures: Application to Supercapacitors Jung Bin In and Costas P. Grigoropoulos, 204, 
Chapter 10 Hierarchical Field Emission Devices E. Stratakis, 230, 
Chapter 11 Sensors Dongjin Lee, 244, 
Chapter 12 Other Applications Sukjoon Hong and Seung Hwan Ko, 268, 
Chapter 13 Summary Seung Hwan Ko, 294, 
Subject Index, 295, 

CHAPTER 1

Introduction: Hierarchical Nanostructures for Energy Devices

SEUNG HWAN KO

Applied Nano and Thermal Science (ANTS) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea

Email: maxko@snu.ac.kr

1.1 Introduction

Energy has been the hottest social issue for a long time. Energy issues have been related to the problems associated with current major energy sources such as fossil and mineral energy sources: (1) their inevitable exhaustion in the near future, (2) environmental problems such as global warming due to a commensurate increase in CO2 (a prominent greenhouse gas) emissions,(3) an energy shortage due to a recent dramatic increase in global energy consumption (between 2004 and 2030, the annual global consumption of energy is estimated to rise by more than 50%) and thus a price increase. Renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectric, solar, wind, hydrothermal, biomass and nuclear power, are expected to solve the problems associated with fossil fuels. However, energy issues are becoming more serious global problems in the aftermath of the Fukushima catastrophe.

Despite the projected persistent increases in oil and gas prices, less than 10% of the global energy production in 2030 is predicted to come from renewable energy sources. In order to moderate global reliance on exhaustible natural resources and their environmentally hazardous combustion, more scientific efforts should be directed toward reducing the cost of energy production from renewable sources.

Developing sustainable renewable energy sources has been a major research topic in an effort to solve the environmental problems caused by fossil fuels. Significant progress has been made in increasing the efficiency of various renewable energy technologies including solar cells, fuel cells, nuclear energy, wind power and so on. Since the nuclear power plant disasters at Japan and Ukraine, the safety issue has become the most important factor.

1.2 Energy Cycle

Energy devices do not mean only energy generation devices but also include energy storage and energy consumption devices. To fully understand efficient energy usage and to increase the efficiency, the term Energy Cycle should be understood. Energy Cycle is the complete life of energy from birth to death: energy generation, energy storage and energy consumption (Figure 1.1). Efficiency is a major concern in energy devices and the total efficiency of energy devices is limited by the one with lowest efficiency (just like a chemical reaction rate is dominated by the slowest process). Even though one may develop an extremely efficient energy generation device, if the generated energy is stored in a poor efficiency energy storage device or used for a poor efficiency energy consumption device, the efficiency will be low from the total energy cycle viewpoint. Therefore, to approach the energy problem more practically and effectively, the concept of an Energy Cycle should be introduced and the total efficiency of all energy devices involved should be counted systematically.

The most important factor is not just a simple number, such as the efficiency of a single energy device; the balance between many energy devices is very important. This may sound as though researchers in the energy field should know about all different types of energy devices (generation, storage and consumption) to increase an energy device's efficiency in the energy cycle. However, a closer look at the various energy devices may reveal that most of them have similar structures and requirements to make more efficient devices. The structures usually have an active layer sandwiched between two electrodes. The electrodes may be a transparent or non-transparent conductor depending on the application (optoelectronic devices need at least one transparent electrode, such as a solar cell and LED display). Furthermore, most of the energy devices are surface devices (using an interface) and therefore, the efficiency can be increased using a larger surface area. That is where nanomaterials can be useful. However, a larger surface area does not always yield a highly increased efficiency. Additional smart structuring, which can lead to better carrier transport, can boost up the efficiency along with an increased surface area.

1.3 Hierarchical Nanostructures for Efficient Energy Devices

The study of energy device materials is a field full of opportunities for practical and socially significant applications. Many potential renewable energy technologies in the form of solid-state devices and condensed matter phenomena involving the conversion of energy from one form to another exist, and some proceed with efficiency near unity. Within the last couple of decades, there has been an increase in interest in materials with nanometre-scale dimensions. Semiconductor nanowires, a subset of these materials, have received exceptional attention for their unique properties and complex structures. Many nanowire-based materials are promising candidates for energy conversion devices.

However, efficiency increases in the energy devices have been sluggish recently and there has been a need for new groundbreaking approaches, such as the design and fabrication of three-dimensional multifunctional architectures from appropriate nanoscale building blocks, including the strategic use of void space and deliberate disorder as design components to permit a re-examination of devices that produce or store energy. Recently, the importance of nanostructured materials in energy harvesting, conversion and storage technologies has been highlighted in several review articles. In particular, 3D branched nanowire structures with high surface areas and direct transport pathways for charge carriers are especially attractive for energy applications. For example, 3D branched nanowires improve light absorption due to the increased optical path as well as additional light trapping through reduced reflection and multi-scattering in comparison to 1D nanowire arrays, which are beneficial for solar energy harvesting applications. The...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2014
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 1849736286
• ISBN 13: 9781849736282
• Einband: Gebundene Ausgabe
• Anzahl der Seiten: 308
• Herausgeber: Ko Seung Hwan, Grigoropoulos Costas P.
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Nicht verfügbar
• Verantwortliche Person: Nicht verfügbar