Microfluidics for Medical Applications (RSC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 36) - Hardcover

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 1849736375 ISBN 13: 9781849736374

Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014

Inhaltsangabe

Lab-on-a-chip devices for point of care diagnostics have been present in clinics for several years now. Alongside their continual development, research is underway to bring the organs and tissue on-a-chip to the patient, amongst other medical applications of microfluidics.

This book provides the reader with a comprehensive review of the latest developments in the application of microfluidics to medicine and is divided into three main sections. The first part of the book discusses the state-of-the-art in organs and tissue on a chip; the second provides a thorough background to microfluidics for medicine, and the third (and largest) section provides numerous examples of point-of-care diagnostics.

Written with students and practitioners in mind, and with contributions from the leaders in the field across the globe, this book provides a complete digest of the state-of-the-art in microfluidics medical devices and will provide a handy resource for any laboratory or clinic involved in the development or application of such devices.

Über diesen Titel

Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Albert van den Berg received his MSc in applied physics in 1983, and his PhD in 1988 both at the University of Twente, the Netherlands. From 1988-1993 he worked in Neuchatel, Switzerland, at the CSEM and the University (IMT) on miniaturized chemical sensors. From 1993 until 1999 he was research director Micro Total Analysis Systems (μTAS) at MESA, University of Twente. In 1998 he was appointed as part-time professor "Biochemical Analysis Systems", and later in 2000 as full professor on Miniaturized Systems for (Bio)Chemical Analysis in the faculty of Electrical Engineering. He received several honors and awards such as Simon Stevin (2002), ERC Advanced (2008) and ERC Proof of Concept (2011, 2013) grants, Spinoza prize (2009), Honorary University Professorship (Twente, 2010), and Distinguished Professor at SCNU (Guangzhou, 2012). He has co-authored over 250 papers (H=44) and over 10 patents, and has been and is involved in 6 spin-off companies. He is member of the Dutch National Health Council and became a board member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (KNAW) in 2011. He has been co-initiator and chairman of the international Micro Total Analysis Conference. His current research interests focus on microanalysis systems and nanosensors, nanofluidics and single cells, tissues and organs on chips, especially with applications in personalized health care, drug development and development of sustainable (nano)technologies.

Von der hinteren Coverseite

Lab-on-a-chip devices for point of care diagnostics have been present in clinics for several years now. Alongside their continual development, research is underway to bring the organs and tissue on-a-chip to the patient, amongst other medical applications of microfluidics.

This book provides the reader with a comprehensive review of the latest developments in the application of microfluidics to medicine and is divided into three main sections. The first part of the book discusses the state-of-the-art in organs and tissue on a chip; the second provides a thorough background to microfluidics for medicine, and the third (and largest) section provides numerous examples of point-of-care diagnostics.

Written with students and practitioners in mind, and with contributions from the leaders in the field across the globe, this book provides a complete digest of the state-of-the-art in microfluidics medical devices and will provide a handy resource for any laboratory or clinic involved in the development or application of such devices.

Auszug. © Genehmigter Nachdruck. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Microfluidics for Medical Applications

By Albert van den Berg, Loes Segerink

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-1-84973-637-4

Contents

Chapter 1 Microtechnologies in the Fabrication of Fibers for Tissue Engineering Mohsen Akbari, Ali Tamayol, Nasim Annabi, David Juncker and Ali Khademhosseini, 1, 
Chapter 2 Kidney on a Chip Laura Ha, Kyung-Jin Jang and Kahp-Yang Suh, 19, 
Chapter 3 Blood-brain Barrier (BBB): An Overview of the Research of the Blood-brain Barrier Using Microfluidic Devices Andries D. van der Meer, Floor Wolbers, Istvãn Vermes and Albert van den Berg, 40, 
Chapter 4 The Use of Microfluidic-based Neuronal Cell Cultures to Study Alzheimer's Disease Robert Meissner and Philippe Renaud, 57, 
Chapter 5 Microbubbles for Medical Applications Tim Segers, Nico de Jong, Detlef Lohse and Michel Versluis, 81, 
Chapter 6 Magnetic Particle Actuation in Stationary Microfluidics for Integrated Lab-on-Chip Biosensors Alexander van Reenen, Arthur M. de Jong, Jaap M. J. den Toonder and Menno W. J. Prins, 102, 
Chapter 7 Microfluidics for Assisted Reproductive Technologies David Lai, Joyce Han-Ching Chiu, Gary D. Smith and Shuichi Takayama, 131, 
Chapter 8 Microfluidic Diagnostics for Low-resource Settings: Improving Global Health without a Power Cord Joshua R. Buser, Carly A. Holstein and Paul Yager, 151, 
Chapter 9 Isolation and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells Yoonsun Yang and Leon W. M. M. Terstappen, 191, 
Chapter 10 Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry for Blood Cell Analysis Hywel Morgan and Daniel Spencer, 213, 
Chapter 11 Routine Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Using Point of Care or Lab on a Chip Technology Gábor L. Kovács and István Vermes, 242, 
Chapter 12 Medimate Minilab, a Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis Self-test Platform Steven S. Staal, Mathijn C. Ungerer, Kris L. L. Movig, Jody A. Bartholomew, Hans Krabbe and Jan C. T. Eijkel, 259, 
Subject Index, 289, 

CHAPTER 1

Microtechnologies in the Fabrication of Fibers for Tissue Engineering

MOHSEN AKBARI, ALI TAMAYOL, NASIM ANNABI, DAVID JUNCKER AND ALI KHADEMHOSSEINI

1.1 Introduction

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that brings together researchers with backgrounds in engineering, biology, medicine, and chemistry to build tissue-like constructs for patient treatment or research. The ultimate goal of many research efforts in tissue engineering is to create biological replacements for diseased and damaged organs in the human body. Such constructs should mimic the physiological environment including the structural and physicochemical features of native tissues. Therefore, fabrication tools that allow for the creation of biocompatible complex 3D structures with controlled internal architecture and cell distribution and an effective vascular network are required.

Fiber-based techniques, which include textile technologies (i.e. weaving, braiding, knitting, embroidering), electrospinning, and direct writing, hold great promise for engineering 3D biomimetic tissue-like constructs. These techniques enable tuning the mechanical and structural properties of the fabricated constructs with interconnected pores and controlling the distribution of different cell lines in the constructs. Creating biopolymeric fibers with topographical properties that vary spatiotemporally on the micro- or nanoscale is the initial step for any fiber-based tissue engineering approach. In addition, fibers can serve as carriers for biomolecules and microorganisms. The biological and mechanical properties of the fabricated fibers are essential for the functionality of the resultant tissue constructs. Surface topology of the fibers also plays an important role in directing cell growth within the tissue construct.

Recent developments in microtechnologies along with the fast pace of growth of biopolymer science have allowed for the fabrication of fibers with amenable biomechanical properties for tissue engineering. In this chapter, we describe fiber fabrication techniques used in tissue engineering while emphasizing the role of microfluidics and microtechnologies. We categorize current fiber formation techniques into four methods: i) co-axial flow systems, ii) wetspinning, iii) meltspinning (extrusion), and iv) electrospinning. These methods are popular and have been enhanced by microtechnologies. We discuss the operational principles of these techniques and explore their advantages and limitations in tissue engineering.

1.2 Fiber Formation Techniques

1.2.1 Co-axial Flow Systems

Co-axial flow in microsystems is achieved by creating two or more flow streams in parallel. Due to the laminar nature of the flow in micro-channels, the interface of fluids remains stable and mixing only occurs due to molecular diffusion across the interface between the fluids. As a result, fibers with uniform cross-section can be fabricated. Co-axial flow-based micro-fluidic systems have been recently used for creating micron-size fibers featuring different shapes and sizes and containing different cell types and chemicals. This section describes the principle and theory of co-axial fiber fabrication and explores the current state-of-the-art in creating hydrogel fibers using microfluidic systems.

The fabrication of single layer hydrogel fibers in a co-axial flow format is shown in Figure 1.1a. The microfluidic system contains a central channel that delivers a pre-polymer solution (core) into a main channel. The delivered solution from two side-channels forms a sheath flow around the core stream. Polymerization of the core solution (hydrogel formation) occurs downstream of the flow either by cross-linkers directly from the neighboring fluids or by light irradiation. The core solution can be loaded with cells or chemicals for different biomedical applications. The sheath flow acts as a lubricant and facilitates fiber formation by preventing channel clogging during the hydrogel formation. Moreover, due to the short length of microchannels containing the co-axial flow, cells are only exposed to a high shear stress and cross-linking reagents for a short time; this property helps the formation of hydrogel fibers containing viable and functional cells.

Fiber dimensions can be tuned by changing the ratio between the core and sheath flow rates and their relative viscosities. The fiber diameter, when the sheath and core viscosities are identical, is obtained from the following relationship:

[MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION OMITTED] (1)

where Dfiber is the fiber diameter, Dchannel is the main channel diameter, and Qsh and Qcore are the sheath and core flow rates, respectively. Jeong et al. for the first time fabricated fibers using co-axial flow in a microfluidic system. Their microfluidic device was similar to the schematic shown in Figure 1.1a and comprised of a pulled glass capillary inserted in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with feeding tubes, which were connected to syringe pumps. They used a photopolymerizable pre-polymer (4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (4-HBA)) as the core fluid and a mixture of 50% (v/v) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 50% (v/v) deionized water (DI). They exposed the outlet channel to ultraviolet (UV) light in order to photopolymerize the core solution "on-the-fly". They showed that eqn (1) can be used for predicting the diameter of the fabricated fibers within [+ or -] 8%. In an attempt to create a glucose sensing microfiber, they mixed...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2014
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 1849736375
• ISBN 13: 9781849736374
• Einband: Gebundene Ausgabe
• Anzahl der Seiten: 303
• Herausgeber: Berg Albert Van Den, Segerink Loes
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Nicht verfügbar
• Verantwortliche Person: gpsr@libri.de; gpsr@libri.de; ; Friedensallee 273; Hamburg; 22763; Deutschland