Farmland Conservation: Evidence for the effects of interventions in northern and western Europe (Synopses of Conservation Evidence, 3, Band 3) - Softcover

Dicks, Lynn V.; Ashpole, Joscelyne E.; Dänhardt, Juliana

Softcover

ISBN 10: 1907807160 ISBN 13: 9781907807169

Verlag: Pelagic Publishing, 2014

Inhaltsangabe

This synopsis covers evidence for the effects of conservation interventions for native farmland wildlife. It is restricted to evidence captured on the website www.conservationevidence.com. The list of interventions was organized into categories based on the IUCN classifications of direct threats and conservation actions.

Über diesen Titel

Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Lynn V. Dicks is a Research Fellow in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge.

Joscelyne E. Ashpole is a Research Assistant in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge.

Juliana Dänhardt has a PhD in animal ecology and is currently employed as Research Administrator at the Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University.

Katy James is a Researcher at Harper Adams University.

Annelie M. Jönsson is a PhD student in the Department of Biology at Lund University, Sweden.

Nicola Randall is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Crop and Environmental Science and Director of the Centre for Evidence-Based Agriculture at Harper Adams University.

David A. Showler is an Ecological Consultant based in Norwich, UK.

Rebecca K. Smith is a Research Associate in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge.

Susan Turpie is an Agri-Environment Policy Officer in the Natural Heritage Management Team, Scottish Government.

David Williams is a Doctoral Student in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge.

William J. Sutherland is the Miriam Rothschild Professor of Conservation Biology at the University of Cambridge.

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Farmland Conservation

Evidence for the Effects of Interventions in Northern and Western Europe

By Lynn V. Dicks, Joscelyne E. Ashpole, Juliana Dänhardt, Katy James, Annelie M. Jönsson, Nicola Randall, David A. Showler, Rebecca K. Smith, Susan Turpie, David Williams, William J. Sutherland

Pelagic Publishing

Copyright © 2014 William J. Sutherland
All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-1-907807-16-9

Contents

Advisory board, x, 
About the authors, xi, 
Acknowledgements, xii, 
About this book, xiii, 
1 All farming systems, 1, 
2 Arable farming, 170, 
3 Perennial (non-timber) crops, 238, 
4 Livestock farming, 241, 
5 Residential and commercial development, 346, 
6 Agri-chemicals, 349, 
7 Transport and service corridors, 402, 
8 Hunting and trapping (for pest control, food or sport), 403, 
9 Natural system modification, 408, 
10 Invasive and other problematic species, 419, 
11 Education and awareness, 436, 
Index, 437, 

CHAPTER 1

All farming systems

Key messages

Support or maintain low intensity agricultural systems

We have captured no evidence for the effects of supporting or maintaining low intensity agricultural systems on farmland wildlife.

Increase the proportion of semi-natural habitat in the farmed landscape

Of five studies monitoring the effects of the Swiss Ecological Compensation Areas scheme at a landscape scale (including three replicated site comparisons), one found an increase in numbers of birds of some species, two found no effect on birds and three found some species or groups increasing and others decreasing.

Pay farmers to cover the cost of conservation measures (as in agri-environment schemes)

For birds, twenty-four studies (including one systematic review) found increases or more favourable trends in bird populations, while eleven studies (including one systematic review) found negative or no effects of agri-environment schemes. For plants, three studies found more plant species, two found fewer plant species and seven found little or no effect of agri-environment schemes. For invertebrates, five studies found increases in abundance or species richness, while six studies found little or no effect of agri-environment schemes. For mammals, one replicated study found positive effects of agri-environment schemes and three studies found mixed effects in different regions or for different species.

Apply 'cross compliance' environmental standards linked to all subsidy payments

We have captured no evidence for the effects of applying 'cross compliance' environmental standards for all subsidy payments on farmland wildlife.

Implement food labelling schemes relating to biodiversity-friendly farming (organic; LEAF Marque)

We have captured no evidence for the effects of implementing food labelling schemes relating to biodiversity-friendly farming (organic; LEAF Marque) on farmland wildlife.

Reduce field size (or maintain small fields)

We have captured no evidence for the effects of reducing field size (or maintaining small fields) on farmland wildlife.

Provide or retain set-aside areas in farmland

Thirty-seven studies (one systematic review, no randomized, replicated, controlled trials) compared use of set-aside areas with control farmed fields. Twenty-one (including the systematic review) showed benefits to or higher use by all wildlife groups considered. Thirteen studies found some species or groups used set-aside more than crops, others did not. Two found higher Eurasian skylark reproductive success and one study found lower success on set-aside rather than control fields. Four studies found set-aside had no effect on wildlife, one found an adverse effect. Two studies found neither insects nor small mammals preferred set-aside areas.

Connect areas of natural or semi-natural habitat

All four studies (including two replicated trials) from the Czech Republic, Germany and the Netherlands investigating the effects of linking patches of natural or semi-natural habitat found some colonization by invertebrates or mammals. Colonization by invertebrates was slow or its extent varied between taxa.

Manage hedgerows to benefit wildlife (includes no spray, gap-filling and laying)

Ten studies from the UK and Switzerland (including one randomized, replicated, controlled trial) found managing hedges for wildlife increased berry yields, diversity or abundance of plants, invertebrates or birds. Five UK studies (including one randomized, replicated, controlled trial) found plants, bees and farmland birds were unaffected by hedge management. Two replicated studies found hedge management had mixed effects on invertebrates or reduced hawthorn berry yield.

Manage stone-faced hedge banks to benefit wildlife

We have captured no evidence for the effects of managing stone-faced hedge banks to benefit wildlife on farmland wildlife.

Manage ditches to benefit wildlife

Five studies (including one replicated, controlled study) from the UK and the Netherlands found ditch management had positive effects on numbers, diversity or biomass of some or all invertebrates, amphibians, birds or plants studied. Three studies from the Netherlands and the UK (including two replicated site comparisons) found negative or no clear effects on plants or some birds.

Restore or maintain dry stone walls

We have captured no evidence for the effects of restoring or maintaining dry stone walls on farmland wildlife.

Plant new hedges

Two studies (including one replicated trial) from France and the UK found new hedges had more invertebrates or plant species than fields or field margins. A review found new hedges had more ground beetles than older hedges. However, an unreplicated site comparison from Germany found only 2 out of 85 ground beetle species dispersed along new hedges. A review found lower pest outbreaks in areas with new hedges.

Protect in-field trees (includes management such as pollarding and surgery)

We have captured no evidence for the effects of protecting in-field trees on farmland wildlife.

Plant in-field trees (not farm woodland)

We have captured no evidence for the effects of planting in-field trees on farmland wildlife.

Maintain in-field elements such as field islands and rockpiles

We have captured no evidence for the effects of maintaining in-field elements such as field islands and rockpiles on farmland wildlife.

Manage woodland edges to benefit wildlife

We have captured no evidence for the effects of managing woodland edges to benefit wildlife on farmland wildlife.

Plant wild bird seed or cover mixture

Fifteen studies (including a systematic review) from the UK found fields sown with wild bird cover mix had more birds or bird species than other farmland habitats. Six studies (including two replicated trials) from the UK found birds used wild bird cover more than other habitats. Nine replicated studies from France and the UK found mixed or negative effects on birds. Eight studies (including two randomized, replicated, controlled studies) from the UK found wild bird cover had more invertebrates; four (including two replicated trials) found mixed or negative effects on invertebrate numbers. Six studies (including two replicated, controlled trials) from the UK found wild bird cover mix...

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Pelagic Publishing
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2014
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 1907807160
• ISBN 13: 9781907807169
• Einband: Taschenbuch
• Anzahl der Seiten: 486
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Nicht verfügbar
• Verantwortliche Person: gpsr@libri.de; gpsr@libri.de; ; Friedensallee 273; Hamburg; 22763; Deutschland