Baron de Lahontan traveled to the French colonies in America in 1683, when he was seventeen years old, with three companies of soldiers and two other officers. He stayed there for nine years, fighting wars, exploring, getting to know native Americans, and spending two winters hunting with a group of Algonquin people.
In 1703, in Amsterdam, he published a two-volume book based on his travels. Most of the book is only of historical interest, as a description of “New France” and its natives during this early period. But the book also includes the Dialog Between the Author and Adario, which made a lasting contribution to the development of Western culture by introducing key ideas of the French Enlightenment.
Adario, a Huron, attacks Catholicism, which he has heard preached by the Jesuits, and defends a religion based on reason. Voltaire is famous for advocating similar ideas, but Lahontan’s book was published when Voltaire was only nine years old.
Adario also argues that the Huron are freer, healthier and happier than the French, and that they do not suffer from the inequality and servility of the French because they do not use money. Rousseau was famous for advocating similar ideas, but the first book where Rousseau made this point, the Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men, was published in 1754, more than a half century after Lahontan’s book.
Lahontan is generally forgotten because his Dialog is buried in his longer book about his travels in North America. We are publishing the Dialog as a separate book for the first time in the hope it will get the recognition it deserves.
Survey courses about the French Enlightenment should put Lahontan’s Dialog at the top of the required reading list, followed by the later works of Voltaire and Rousseau.
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