Pedestrian Dynamics: Feedback Control of Crowd Evacuation (Understanding Complex Systems) - Hardcover

Kachroo, Pushkin; Al-nasur, Sadeq J.; Wadoo, Sabiha Amin; Shende, Apoorva

Hardcover

ISBN 10: 3540755594 ISBN 13: 9783540755593

Verlag: Springer, 2008

Inhaltsangabe

Effective evacuation of people from closed spaces is an extremely important topic, since it can save real lives in emergency situations that can be brought about by natural and human made disasters. Usually there are static maps posted at various places at buildings that illustrate routes that should be taken during emergencies. However, when disasters happen, some of these routes might not be valid because of structural problems due to the disaster itself and more importantly because of the distribution of congestion of people spread over the area. The average flow of traffic depends on the traffic density. Therefore, if all the people follow the same route, or follow a route without knowing the congestion situation, they can end up being part of the congestion which results in very low flow rate or worse a traffic jam. Hence it becomes extremely important to design evacuations that inform people how fast and in which direction to move based on real-time information obtained about the people distribution using various sensors. The sensors used can include cameras, infra red sensors etc., and the technology used to inform people about the desired movement can be communicated using light matrix, small speakers, and in the future using wireless PDAs. This book provides mathematical models of pedestrian movements that can be used specifically for designing feedback control laws for effective evacuation. The book also provides various feedback control laws to accomplish the effective evacuation. The book uses the hydrodynamic hyperbolic PDE macroscopic pedestrian models since they are amenable to feedback control design. The control designs are obtained through different nonlinear techniques including Lyapunov functional techniques, feedback linearization in the distributed model, and some discretized techniques.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Pushkin Kachroo is the Lincy Professor of Transportation in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV). He was a Visiting Professor at the University of California at Berkeley working with Professor Shankar Sastry. He is the director of the Mendenhall Innovation Program at the Thomas a Hughes College of Engineering at UNLV. He was an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech before he joined UNLV in 2007. He obtained his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from University of California at Berkeley performing research in Vehicle Control in 1993 under Professor Masayoshi Tomizuka, and obtained another Ph.D. in Mathematics from Virginia Tech in Mathematics in the area of hyperbolic system of partial differential equations with applications to Traffic Control and Evacuation under Professor Joseph A. Ball. He has authored 10 books on traffic and vehicle control. He has authored more than 120 publications that include books, research papers, and edited volumes. He has taught about 30 different courses in Virginia Tech in the areas of electrical and computer engineering, and mathematics. Similarly, he also taught 30 different courses at UNLV since 2007. He has graduated more than 35 graduate students, and has been P.I. or Co P.I. on projects worth more than 4 Million Dollars. He was awarded the most outstanding new professor at Virginia Tech, and also has received many teaching awards and certificates, both at Virginia Tech and UNLV. He also received the faculty excellence award from CSUN UNLV in 2011. He is pursuing an M.S. in Physics at UNLV with thesis work in Quantum Logic.

Kaan M.A. Özbay has joined Department of Civil and Urban engineering and Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP) at NYU on August 2013. Professor Ozbay was a tenured full Professor at the Rutgers University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering until July 2013. He joined Rutgers University as an Assistant Professor in July, 1996. In 2008, he was a visiting scholar at the Operations Research and Financial Engineering (ORFE) Department of Princeton University. Dr. Ozbay's research interests in transportation cover a wide range of topics including the development of simulation models of large scale complex transportation systems, advanced technology and sensing applications for Intelligent Transportation Systems, modeling and evaluation of traffic incident and emergency management systems, feedback based on-line real-time traffic control techniques, traffic safety, application of operations research techniques in network optimization and humanitarian inventory control, and transportation economics.

Dr. Ozbay is the recipient of the prestigious National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER award. Dr. Ozbay is the co-editor of a new book titled "Dynamic Traffic Control & Guidance" published by Springer Verlag's "Complex Social, Economic and Engineered Networks" series in 2013. In addition to this book, Dr. Ozbay is the co-author of three other books titled "Feedback Based Ramp Metering for Intelligent Transportation Systems" published by Kluwer Academics in 2004, "Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment", Springer-Verlag and "Incident Management for Intelligent Transportation Systems" published by Artech House publishers both in 1999. Dr. Ozbay published approximately 300 refereed papers in scholarly journals and conference proceedings. Professor Ozbay serves as the "Associate Editor" of Networks and Spatial Economic journal and Transportmetrica B: Transportation Dynamics journal. He is a member of the editorial board of the ITS journal.

Since 1994, Dr. Ozbay, has been the Principal Investigator and Co-Principal Investigator of 80 projects funded at a level of more than $11,00,000 by National Science Foundation, NJDOT, NYMTC, NY State DOT, New Jersey Highway Authority, USDOT, FHWA, VDOT,CUNY University T

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Effective evacuation of people from closed spaces is an extremely important topic, since it can save real lives in emergency situations that can be brought about by natural and human made disasters. Usually there are static maps posted at various places at buildings that illustrate routes that should be taken during emergencies. However, when disasters happen, some of these routes might not be valid because of structural problems due to the disaster itself and more importantly because of the distribution of congestion of people spread over the area. The average flow of traffic depends on the traffic density. Therefore, if all the people follow the same route, or follow a route without knowing the congestion situation, they can end up being part of the congestion which results in very low flow rate or worse a traffic jam. Hence it becomes extremely important to design evacuations that inform people how fast and in which direction to move based on real-time information obtained about the people distribution using various sensors. The sensors used can include cameras, infra red sensors etc., and the technology used to inform people about the desired movement can be communicated using light matrix, small speakers, and in the future using wireless PDAs. This book provides mathematical models of pedestrian movements that can be used specifically for designing feedback control laws for effective evacuation. The book also provides various feedback control laws to accomplish the effective evacuation. The book uses the hydrodynamic hyperbolic PDE macroscopic pedestrian models since they are amenable to feedback control design. The control designs are obtained through different nonlinear techniques including Lyapunov functional techniques, feedback linearization in the distributed model, and some discretized techniques.

Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Springer
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2008
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 3540755594
• ISBN 13: 9783540755593
• Einband: Gebundene Ausgabe
• Anzahl der Seiten: 260
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: GPSR Kontakt; ProductSafety@springernature.com; ; Tiergartenstr. 17; Heidelberg; 69121; Deutschland