The main topic of the book is the relationship between the Government of Botswana and its indigenous minority, variously known as Bushmen, San, Basarwa or more recently Noakwe. The point of departure is the modern concept of indigenous as codified by international organisation such as ILO and UN, and the analysis argues that the problems encountered by the San people of Botswana can best be understood in this perspective. An outline and discussion of history and contemporary political and sociocultural situation leads up to an in-depth documentation and analysis of a series of events in 1992 and 1993 that were crucial in establishing San indigenous organisations and identities. The analysis shows how Botswana's culture-neutral welfare approach, identifying the target group only by negative criteria (e.g. lack of resources, lack of organized leadership, lack of mainstream skills) also becomes culture-blind, creates clients instead of contributing to stated objectives of community involvement and empowerment. The last section of the book describes the emerging indigenous consciousness, and presents the agenda of new organisations that seek to go beyond the symptoms of poverty and to address the underlying causes of marginalisation. This process of change did not emerge from within the government's development programme, but is seen as part of a global process, with links to international organisations.
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