This book compares the changes that have taken place in the police systems in Belgium, Denmark, England/Wales, Germany (in particular, the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia), and the Netherlands. These countries are geographical neighbors and their police systems have undergone significant reforms in recent years. All five countries have been wrestling with finding the proper arrangements for the organization, as well as the steering and controlling, of their police in ways that fit both national and local demands, in an effort to improve police performance. The central research question is: What changes have occurred in the organization and the governance structure of these police systems in recent decades, and why?
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Arie van Sluis is Assistant Professor in the Department of Public Administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Lex Cachet retired in 2011 as an Associate Professor from the Department of Public Administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands. At present, he is still working in that department, within the School of Social Science at Erasmus University and as an independent consultant and researcher. Theo Jochoms is Strategic Advisor in the National Police Force of the Netherland. Arthur Ringeling is Professor-emeritus of Public Administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Anne Sey is Senior Advisor in the National Police Force of the Netherlands.
In the prevailing literature on police systems and their associated traditions of democratic control, continuity is deemed to be a much stronger characteristic than change. This study calls that insight into question. It examines and compares the changes that have occurred in the police systems of Belgium, Denmark, England & Wales, Germany and the Netherlands in the last few decades. These countries are geographic neighbours, and their police systems have undergone signifi cant reforms in recent years. Why these changes have taken place is the central question of this study, which was conducted by an international team of researchers. A police system is understood as the organisational structure of the civil regular police. It is the framework that makes possible the governance, organisation, implementation by and control of the police. Frameworks defi ne the boundaries of police operations and can make possible or exclude certain solutions for juridical or political reasons. They potentially offer opportunities for change, adaptation, and innovation. In conjunction with the way police work is carried out in practice, a police system determines how adequately the police operate and to what extent they can cope with changing societal challenges. Complexity is a hallmark of modern police systems in terms of their organisation, management and control, not only on paper but also in practice. The changes to police systems in the countries studied show similarities as well as development in divergent directions. The study highlights the infl uences of community policing, continuing and increasing professionalisation and specialisation, and a predominance of New Public Management insights. In all fi ve countries centralisation and localism manifest themselves simultaneously. On the other hand police systems bear the imprint of existing politico-administrative and judicial structures and culture, existing institutionalised power structures and power relations, and the history of policing and the police system. They are often related to broader changes at issue in the public sector in the country. The occurrence of crises can cause divergence from existing patterns of development. What the
police do, how they work and perform, and how they are governed and controlled appear to be loosely interdependent.
In the prevailing literature on police systems and their associated traditions of democratic control, continuity is deemed to be a much stronger characteristic than change. This study calls that insight into question. It examines and compares the changes that have occurred in the police systems of Belgium, Denmark, England & Wales, Germany and the Netherlands in the last few decades. These countries are geographic neighbours, and their police systems have undergone signifi cant reforms in recent years. Why these changes have taken place is the central question of this study, which was conducted by an international team of researchers. A police system is understood as the organisational structure of the civil regular police. It is the framework that makes possible the governance, organisation, implementation by and control of the police. Frameworks defi ne the boundaries of police operations and can make possible or exclude certain solutions for juridical or political reasons. They potentially offer opportunities for change, adaptation, and innovation. In conjunction with the way police work is carried out in practice, a police system determines how adequately the police operate and to what extent they can cope with changing societal challenges. Complexity is a hallmark of modern police systems in terms of their organisation, management and control, not only on paper but also in practice. The changes to police systems in the countries studied show similarities as well as development in divergent directions. The study highlights the infl uences of community policing, continuing and increasing professionalisation and specialisation, and a predominance of New Public Management insights. In all fi ve countries centralisation and localism manifest themselves simultaneously. On the other hand police systems bear the imprint of existing politico-administrative and judicial structures and culture, existing institutionalised power structures and power relations, and the history of policing and the police system. They are often related to broader changes at issue in the public sector in the country. The occurrence of crises can cause divergence from existing patterns of development. What the police do, how they work and perform, and how they are governed and controlled appear to be loosely interdependent.
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