They came at the dead hours of midnight.
Masked by darkness and sometimes cloaked beneath sheets, the White Caps of Sevier County, Tennessee, claimed to be guardians of morality. What emerged instead was an oath-bound secret society whose influence reached deep into the political and judicial life of a remote Appalachian county—and whose methods descended from intimidation and whipping into bloodshed and murder.
The story began innocently enough—or so the legends claimed. In the winter of 1891–92, women operating houses of prostitution in the mountains of Sevier County were warned to leave. Bundles of hickory switches appeared at their doors. When the warnings went unheeded, vigilantes returned and brutally whipped them. The women left, the perpetrators escaped punishment, and the White Caps learned a dangerous lesson: their methods worked. The manuscript traces several competing accounts of how the movement began, while showing how that early violence became the foundation for something far more dangerous.
Soon the White Caps were no longer simply self-appointed enforcers of Victorian morality. Merchants, politicians, prominent landowners—and criminals seeking protection—were drawn into an organization whose membership was estimated at 650 to 1,500 people in a county of only about 20,000. Secret meetings, signs, ritual garb and blood oaths bound members together, while sympathetic Justices of the Peace and local officials helped create an environment in which White Caps could act with frightening impunity.
Then Sevier County began fighting back.
Dr. James A. Henderson emerged as the driving force behind the Blue Bills, an opposing vigilante organization determined to obstruct the White Caps—even by armed force. Violence answered violence. Blood was spilled. Ordinary citizens found themselves trapped between rival secret societies and a compromised justice system, unsure which neighbors, officials or lawmen could be trusted.
But the most determined enemy of the White Caps would come from inside law enforcement.
Deputy Sheriff Thomas Houston Davis refused to accept that Sevier County belonged to the vigilantes. When county officials resisted purchasing bloodhounds to pursue White Cap killers, Davis publicly challenged them. He pursued fugitives far beyond Tennessee and helped set in motion the extraordinary legal and political campaign that would finally break the organization's grip on the county.
And then came the murders that changed everything.
At the Dead Hours of Midnight follows the White Caps from their murky beginnings through the Blue Bill conflict, ambushes, manhunts, political corruption, murder-for-hire, courtroom battles and executions that finally brought their reign of terror toward its bloody conclusion.
Drawing upon contemporary newspaper accounts, court records and historical sources, Richard Way and Stanford Johnson reconstruct one of the darkest—and least remembered—chapters in Tennessee history: a time when paranoia ruled the mountains, neighbors feared neighbors, and no one could be certain who might come riding after midnight.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The White Caps of Sevier County Tennessee were an extralegal vigilante group that dominated that county in the 1890s, through the corruption of the Justices of the Peace legal system. Prominent landowners hijacked the legal system by 'organizing White Cap gangs,' who were able to avoid prosecution because of the aforementioned corruption. The bloody reign of terror effectively ended when one wealthy Sevier Countian contracted the murder for hire of two of his tenants, a young married couple who had testified against him at a Grand Jury. That wealthy landowner had used Whitecapping methods to deal with another problem tenant who would not vacate a cabin owned by the landowner. Interestingly enough, the saga had begun when a group of Sevier County wives formed together in a vigilante response to a house of ill repute that had begun operating in their mountainous community. Legend has it that a judge lamented the fact that he couldn't get convictions, because of the reluctance of men in the community to testify against the prostitutes. The wives threatened the women with a whipping with hickory branches if they didn't leave their community, and when the prostitutes didn't heed their warning, masked vigilantes visited the house, dragged the defenseless women into the night, and unleashed a cruel beating on them. And it worked. The women left, and the White Caps' methods were commended by some members of the community. Believing their methods were an approved expression of 'community consensus,' The White Caps ostensibly became the upholders of Victorian morals and King James values. Since The White Caps had infiltrated the Justice of the Peace legal system, which provided protection for those members who swore The Oath, thugs and petty criminals joined their ranks for the protection. At its height, the organization was believed to have had between 650-1500 members, in a rural, mountainous county with a population of about 20,000. At its height it was said that up to a dozen raids a night were being conducted by White Cap gangs. A counter-vigilante group, The Blue Bills, rose up to combat The White Caps. But their leader, Dr. James A. Henderson was killed by the husband of the woman he was having an affair with, after which the Blue Bills became ineffective. Extraordinary measures were taken by a handful of honorable men to eradicate the vigilante group. Sheriff Thomas Houston Davis, to this day the only Democrat elected Sheriff of Sevier County, Tennessee, was instrumental in ending the murder and mayhem. He and others solicited outside help from neighboring Knox County, and in a state legislative action, a Knox County Judge and their Attorney General were placed over Sevier County's Judicial System. Paranoia and suspicion ruled the day, as the Sevier Countians didn't know who they could trust and who they couldn't trust. Bestandsnummer des Verkäufers 9798218106942
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