Beschreibung
Covers plus 8 pages. Approximately 5.25 inches by 7.5 inches. Cover has some wear and soiling. Please note that there is a typographical error on the front cover, with a period after the name "Gardiner" and no period after the middle initial of "G". Text is mostly in English, but there are a couple of words in Greek and Latin. The text of this address was originally published in the magazine Science, Volume XI, No. 269, pages 148-150. This is undoubtedly one of the rarest if not the rarest of all the National Geographic Society associated items. In these 8 pages Mr. Hubbard set out for his colleagues at the first meeting of the National Geographic Society, and for the broader community, the impetus, scope, and aspirations of this new organization--for the increase and diffusion of geographical knowledge. The National Geographic Society initially organized into four broad sections relating to the geography of the land, the sea, the air, and the geographical distribution of life. The four vice-presidents in order of the sections were H. G. Ogden, J. R. Bartlett, A. W. Greeley, and C. H. Merriam. A fifth section was added, relating to the science of geographic art, including map-making,under vice-president A. H. Thompson. The recording and corresponding secretaries were Henry Gannett and George Kennan. Gardiner Greene Hubbard (August 25, 1822 - December 11, 1897) was an American lawyer, financier, and philanthropist. He was the first president of the National Geographic Society and one of the founders of and the first president of the Bell Telephone Company which later evolved into AT&T, at times the world's largest telephone company. One of his daughters, Mabel Gardiner Hubbard, also became the wife of Alexander Graham Bell. Hubbard was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Gardiner Hubbard attended Phillips Academy, Andover and later graduated from Dartmouth in 1841. He then studied law at Harvard, and was admitted to the bar in 1843. He joined a Boston law firm, practicing his profession in Boston until 1873, when he relocated to Washington, D.C. Gardiner Hubbard helped establish a city water works in Cambridge, was a founder of the Cambridge Gas Co. and later organized a Cambridge to Boston trolley system. Gardiner Hubbard's daughter Mabel became deaf at the age of five from scarlet fever. She later became a student of Alexander Graham Bell, who taught deaf children, and they eventually married. Hubbard also played a pivotal role in the founding of Clarke School for the Deaf, the first oral school for the deaf in the United States located in Northampton, Massachusetts. During the late 1860s, Gardiner Hubbard had lobbied Congress to pass the U.S. Postal Telegraph Bill that was known as the Hubbard Bill. The bill would have chartered the U.S. Postal Telegraph Company that would be connected to the U.S. Post Office. The Hubbard bill did not pass. To benefit from the Hubbard Bill, Hubbard needed patents which dominated essential aspects of telegraph technology such as sending multiple messages simultaneously on a single telegraph wire. This was called the "harmonic telegraph" or acoustic telegraphy. To acquire such patents, Hubbard and his partner Thomas Sanders financed Alexander Graham Bell's experiments and development of an acoustic telegraph, which serendipitously led to his invention of the telephone. Hubbard organized the Bell Telephone Company on July 9, 1877, with himself as president, Thomas Sanders as treasurer and Bell as 'Chief Electrician'. Gardiner Hubbard was intimately connected with the Bell Telephone Company, which subsequently evolved into the National Bell Telephone Company and then the American Bell Telephone Company. The American Bell Telephone Company would, at the very end of 1899, evolve into AT&T, at times the world's largest telephone company. Hubbard also became a principal investor in the Edison Speaking Phonograph Company. When Edison neglected development of the phonograph, which at its inception was bare.
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