Advanced Materials and Techniques for Biosensors and Bioanalytical Applications

Bioanalytical science and its technological subdomain, biosensors, are ever-evolving subjects, striving for rapid improvement in terms of performance and expanding the target range to meet the vast societal and market demands. The key performance factors for a biosensor that drive the research are selectivity, sensitivity, response time, accuracy, and reproducibility, with additional requirements of its portability and inexpensive nature. These performance factors are largely governed by the materials and techniques being used in these bioanalytical platforms. The selection of materials to meet these requirements is critical, as their interaction or involvement with the biological recognition elements should initiate or improve these performance factors. The technique discussed primarily applies to transducers involved in converting a biochemical signal to optical or electrical signals. Over the years, the emergence of novel materials and techniques has drastically improved the performance of these bioanalytical systems, enabling them to expand their analytical horizon. These advanced materials and techniques are central to modern bioanalytical and biosensor research.

provides a comprehensive review of the subject, including a knowledge platform for both academics and researchers. Considering biosensors as a central theme to this book, an outline on this subject with background principles has been included, with a scope of extending the utility of the book to coursework in graduate and postgraduate schools.

Features:

• Basic principles on different classes of biosensors, recent advances and applications

• Smart materials for biosensors and other rapid, portable detection devices

• Metal nanoparticles and nanocrystals for analytical applications

• Carbon-based nanoparticles and quantum dots for sensing applications

• Nanozymes as potential catalysts for sensing applications

• Bioelectrochemiluminescence and photoelectrochemical-based biosensors

• Paper electronics and paper-based biosensors

• Microbial biosensors: artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and synthetic biology

• Biofuel cells as a signal transduction platform

• FET-based biosensors, including ISFET and BioFET

This book serves as a reference for scientific investigators and a textbook for a graduate-level course in biosensors and advanced bioanalytical techniques.

Prof. Pranab Goswami received M.Sc. degree in chemistry with specialization in organic chemistry from Gauhati University, India and subsequently, M.S. degree from BITS Pilani, Rajasthan, India and finally, a Ph.D. degree from his work at Regional Research Laboratory (Currently, NEIST, CSIR) Jorhat, India in 1994 in the area of biotechnology. Prof. Goswami was a BOYSCAST fellow of DST, India, at the University of Massachusetts Boston, USA. He started his professional carrier as a scientist at NEIST, CSIR Jorhat India during 1990, and continued there for 12 years. After that, Prof. Goswami moved to the Department of Biotechnology (renamed later as Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering) at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, India, as a faculty. He attained the level of Professor of Higher Academic Grade in the year 2015. Prof. Goswami also developed administrative experience in the capacity of Heads, in the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Centre for Energy, and Centre for Central Instrument Facility at IIT Guwahati.

The primary research area of Prof. Goswami is biocatalysis and biosensors. His research involves the development of nano-bio sensors for malaria, myocardial infarction (MI), alcohol, and bilirubin. One of his primary objectives is the development of novel biorecognition systems along with signal transduction platforms for the above targets. His group has developed many novel aptamers as recognition molecules for the detection of malaria and MI. Efficient signal transduction through nanomaterial interface for sensitive and selective detection of the targets is the primary activity in his research lab. In this aspect, his group explores the direct electron transfer from the biorecognition elements (enzyme and bacterial biocatalysts) to the electrode surface through various electrochemical transducing platforms to generate a seamless electrical signal for sensing applications. His achievement on direct electrical communication from the FAD-based very high molecular weight redox enzymes, mainly, alcohol oxidase is well known. Prof. Goswami has used the concept to develop not only a sensitive amperometric alcohol biosensor but also a prototype on enzymatic-biofuel cell cum bio-battery using the enzyme bioelectrode. Among the different electrochemical transducers, Prof. Goswami’s lab is well known for enzyme and cyanobacteria based biofuel cells as signal-transducing platforms for generation and amplification of signals to detect alcohol and allied applications. A couple of proofs-of-concept his group has developed through the intensive basic research has already been translated to portable kits for detection of malaria, alcohol, methanol, and formaldehyde. Prof. Goswami has published more than 100 peer-reviewed scientific papers and filed ten patent applications, mainly in the field of biosensors and biocatalysis. He has supervised more than 30 Ph.D. students and received many awards and accolades, including many outstanding reviewers’ awards from reputed journals and visiting professorship in premiere university in abroad. He is also an editorial board member of some international scientific journals.