Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) has been introduced as a modern alternative to current sample preparation technology, and has a wide range of applications. Focusing on quantitative aspects of analysis, Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction aims to describe these applications.
In industry, practical uses of SPME can be found in environmental, food, pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic applications, all of which are described in this book. Important scientific applications such as reaction monitoring, characterization of coatings and distributions of analytes in natural multiphase systems are also discussed. Throughout there are descriptions of new technologies, including new coatings and interfaces for analytical instrumentation (SPME/LC and SPME/CE), automation and calibration processes.
Written by internationally recognised experts, edited by the scientist involved in the research since its infancy, and encompassing a wide range of applications, this book will be ideal for anyone wishing to explore the feasibility of using SPME technology.
Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction
By Janusz PawliszynThe Royal Society of Chemistry
Copyright © 1999 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-85404-525-9Contents
Glossary, xvii,
Calibration and Quantitation by SPME,
Chapter 1 Quantitative Aspects of SPME Janusz Pawliszyn, 3,
Chapter 2 Quantitation by SPME before Reaching a Partition Equilibrium Jiu Ai, 22,
Coatings and Interfaces,
Chapter 3 SPME Coupled to Capillary Electrophoresis Chen-Wen Whang, 41,
Chapter 4 Selectivity in SPME Shu Li and Stephen G. Weber, 49,
Chapter 5 Properties of Commercial SPME Coatings Venkatachalam Mani, 57,
Chapter 6 Sol-Gel Technology for Thermally Stable Coatings in SPME Abdul Malik and Sau L. Chong, 73,
Chapter 7 Solid versus Liquid Coatings Tadeusz Górecki, 92,
Physicochemical Applications,
Chapter 8 Application of SPME to Study Sorption Phenomena on Dissolved Humic Organic Matter Frank-Dieter Kopinke, Jürgen Pörschmann and Anett Georgi, 111,
Chapter 9 The Use of SPME to Measure Free Concentrations and Phospholipid/Water and Protein/Water Partition Coefficients Wouter H.J. Vaes, Eñaut Urrestarazu Ramos, Karin C.H.M. Legierse and Joop L.M. Hermens, 129,
Chapter 10 Estimation of Hydrophobicity of Organic Compounds Albrecht Paschke and Peter Popp, 140,
Environmental Applications,
Chapter 11 Air Sampling with SPME Perry A. Martos, 159,
Chapter 12 The Application of SPME in Water Analysis Christoph Grote and Karsten Levsen, 169,
Chapter 13 The Application of SPME to Pesticide Residue Analysis Stephen J. Crook, 188,
Chapter 14 Inter-laboratory Validation of SPME for the Quantitative Analysis of Aqueous Samples Torben Nilsson and Tadeusz Górecki, 201,
Chapter 15 SPME for the Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Natural Waters Kok Kay Chee, Ming Keong Wong and Hian Kee Lee, 212,
Chapter 16 Determination of Sulfur-containing Compounds in Wastewater Peter Popp, Monika Möder and Imelda McCann, 227,
Chapter 17 Analysis of Creosote and Oil in Aqueous Contaminations by SPME Sys Stybe Johansen, 238,
Chapter 18 Direct Analysis of Solids Using SPME John R. Dean and P. Hancock, 248,
Chapter 19 Analysis of Solid Samples by Hot Water Extraction–SPME Hiroyuki Daimon, 258,
Chapter 20 Field Analysis by SPME Laura Müller, 269,
Chapter 21 Organometallic Speciation by Combining Aqueous Phase Derivatization with SPME–GC–FPD-MS Josep M. Bayona, 284,
Chapter 22 Metal Speciation by SPME–CGC–ICPMS Tom De Smaele, Luc Moens, Richard Dams and Pat Sandra, 296,
Chapter 23 The Application of SPME–LC–MS to the Determination of Contaminants in Complex Environmental Matrices Monika Möder and Peter Popp, 311,
Chapter 24 SPME–HPLC of Environmenta1 Pollutants Anna A. Boyd-Boland, 327,
Chapter 25 Analysis of Industrial Pollutants in Environmental Samples Emilio Benfenati, Laura Müller, L. Perani and P. Pierucci, 333,
Food, Flavour, Fragrance and Pheromone Applications,
Chapter 26 Analysis of Food and Plant Volatiles Adam J. Matich, 349,
Chapter 27 Application of SPME to Measure Volatile Metabolites Produced by Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus Régine Talon and M.C. Montel, 364,
Chapter 28 Application of SPME Methods for the Determination of Volatile Wine Aroma Compounds in View of the Varietal Characterization Demetrio De la Calle Garcia and Manfred Reichenbächer, 372,
Chapter 29 Analysis of Vodkas and White Rums by SPME–GC–MS Lay-Keow Ng, 393,
Chapter 30 Analysis of Food Volatiles Using SPME Terry J. Braggins, Casey C. Grimm and Frank R. Visser, 407,
Chapter 31 Analysis of Volatile Contaminants in Foods B. Denis Page, 423,
Chapter 32 Determination of Pesticides in Foods by Automated SPME–GC–MS Ke-Wu Yang, Ralf Eisert, Heather Lord and Janusz Pawliszyn, 435,
Chapter 33 SPME in the Study of Chemical Communication in Social Wasps Gloriano Moneti, G. Pieraccini, M. Sledge and S. Turillazzi, 448,
Pharmaceutical, Clinical and Forensic Applications,
Chapter 34 Propyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and SPME–GC for Screening of Amines in Urine Mette Krogh, Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard and Knut E. Rasmussen, 461,
Chapter 35 Isolation of Drugs and Poisons in Biological Fluids by SPME Takeshi Kumazawa, Xiao-Pen Lee, Keizo Sato and Osamu Suzuki, 470,
Chapter 36 On-fiber Derivatization for Analysis of Steroids by SPME and GC–MS Nicholas H. Snow, 486,
Chapter 37 SPME–Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Drugs of Abuse in Biological Matrices Brad J. Hall and Jennifer S. Brodbelt, 497,
Chapter 38 Analysis of Drugs in Biological Fluids Using SPME Akira Namera, Mikio Yashiki and Tohru Kojima, 510,
Chapter 39 SPME–Microcolumn LC: Application to Toxicological Drug Analysis Kiyokatsu Jinno, Masahiro Taniguchi, Hirokazu Sawada and Makiko Hayashida, 527,
Chapter 40 Optimization of Drug Analysis by SPME Heather Lord, 540,
Chapter 41 Applications of SPME for the Biomonitoring of Human Exposure to Toxic Substances Maurizio Guidotti and Matteo Vitali, 557,
Chapter 42 Applications of SPME in Criminal Investigations Tsuyoshi Kaneko, 573,
Reaction Monitoring,
Chapter 43 SPME–GC–MS Detection Analysis of Maillard Reaction Products W.M. Coleman, III, 585,
Chapter 44 SPME Investigation of Intermediates Produced during Biodegradation of Contaminated Materials Jalal A. Hawari, 609,
Related Techniques,
Chapter 45 Infrared Spectroscopic Detection for SPME Danese C. Stahl and David C. Tilotta, 625,
Chapter 46 SPME in Near-IR Fiber-optic Evanescent Field Absorption Spectroscopy: A Method for Rapid, Remote In situ Monitoring of Nonpolar Organic Compounds in Water Jochen Bürck, 638,
Subject Index, 654,
CHAPTER 1
Quantitative Aspects of SPME
JANUSZ PAWLISZYN
1 Introduction
The objective of this chapter is to introduce the basic concepts facilitating accurate and precise quantitation using SPME technology. The information presented below is a summary of the comprehensive discussion of the topic covered in the recently published book.
Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) was introduced as a solvent-free sample preparation technique. The basic principle of this approach is to use a small amount of the extracting phase, usually less than 1 µL. Sample volume can be very large, when the investigated system is sampled directly, for example air in a room or lake water. The extracting phase can be either high molecular weight polymeric liquid, similar in nature to stationary phases in chromatography, or it can be a solid sorbent, typically of a high porosity to increase the surface area available for adsorption.
To date, the most practical geometric configuration of SPME utilizes a small fused silica fibre, usually coated with a polymeric phase. The fibre is mounted for protection in a syringe-like device. The analytes are absorbed, or adsorbed, by the fibre phase (depending on the nature of the coating) until an equilibrium is reached in the system. The amount of an analyte extracted by the coating at equilibrium is determined by the magnitude of the partition coefficient (distribution ratio) of the analyte between the sample matrix and the coating material.
In SPME, analytes typically are not extracted...
