Cardiac Patients Monitoring at a Distance

Nowadays, the number of heart attack patients is increasing day by day. Though it is tough to save heart attack patients, we can increase the statistics of saving the lives of those patients as well as the lives of those whom the heart attack patients are responsible for. The main design of this project is to track heart attack patients suffering a heart attack during driving, send them medical help and stop the vehicle they are driving to ensure that the persons along them are spared from accidents. An eye blinking sensor is used to monitor the eye blinking rate and a spO2 sensor is used to check the pulse rate of the patient. Both are connected to a micro controller. If eye blinking stops, then the signal is sent to the controller to make an alarm through the buffer. If the spO2 sensor perceives a variation in the pulse rate or low oxygen content in the blood, which may result in heart failure, then the controller stops the motor of the vehicle. Then, a Tarang F4 transmitter is used to sent the vehicle number and the mobile phone number of the patient to the nearest medical station within 25 km for medical aid. The pulse rate monitored via LCD .The Tarang F4 receiver acquires the signal and passes through the controller, the number gets displayed on the LCD screen and an alarm is produced through a buzzer as soon the signal is received. Five topics are discussed in this project: detecting the patient BPM and the eye blinking status; transmitting via Tarang F4 in case of abnormalities in the patient; the patient status is displayed and indicated by a buzzer; the hospital unit receives the patient's mobile phone number and car number and the communication between the vehicle and the hospital through Tarang F4.

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Chapter 3.8 AT MEGA 8 MICROCONTROLLER:
The Atmel® AVR® ATmega8 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega8 achieves throughputs approaching 1MIPS per MHz, allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. The Atmel® AVR® core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers. [...].
3.8.1 Pin Description:
VCC: Digital supply voltage. GND: Ground.
Port B (PB7..PB0)XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2: Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tristated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can be used as output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier. If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator is used as chip clock source, PB7.6 is used as TOSC2.1input for the Asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR is set.
Port C (PC5..PC0): Port C is an 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pullup resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
PC6/RESET: If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note that the electrical characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port C. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is un programmed, PC6 is used as a Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a Reset, even if the clock is not running generate a Reset.
Port D (PD7.PD0): Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
RESET: Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate areset, even if the clock is not running. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset.
3.8.2 ATMEGA 8 Architecture:
The ATmega8 provides the following features: 8 Kbytes of In- System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512 bytes of EEPROM, 1 Kbyte of SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte oriented Two wire Serial Interface, a 6-channel ADC (eight channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages) with10-bit accuracy, a programmable Watchdog Timer with Internal Oscillator, an SPI serial port, and five software selectable power saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power do