Foundations of Human Sociality (Paperback)

Samuel Bowles

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Sprache: Englisch

Verlag: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004

0199262055 / 9780199262052

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Paperback. What motives underlie the ways humans interact socially? Are these the same for all societies? Are these part of our nature, or influenced by our environments?Over the last decade, research in experimental economics has emphatically falsified the textbook representation of Homo economicus. Literally hundreds of experiments suggest that people care not only about their own material payoffs, but also about such things as fairness, equityand reciprocity. However, this research left fundamental questions unanswered: Are such social preferences stable components of human nature; or, are they modulated by economic, social and culturalenvironments?Until now, experimental research could not address this question because virtually all subjects had been university students, and while there are cultural differences among student populations throughout the world, these differences are small compared to the full range of human social and cultural environments. A vast amount of ethnographic and historical research suggests that people's motives are influenced by economic, social, and cultural environments,yet such methods can only yield circumstantial evidence about human motives.Combining ethnographic and experimental approaches to fill this gap, this book breaks new ground inreporting the results of a large cross-cultural study aimed at determining the sources of social (non-selfish) preferences that underlie the diversity of human sociality. The same experiments which provided evidence for social preferences among university students were performed in fifteen small-scale societies exhibiting a wide variety of social, economic and cultural conditions by experienced field researchers who had also done long-term ethnographic field work in these societies.The findings of these experiments demonstrated that no society in which experimental behaviour is consistent with the canonical model of self-interest. Indeed, results showed that thevariation in behaviour is far greater than previously thought, and that the differences between societies in market integration and the importance of cooperation explain a substantial portion of this variation, which individual-level economic and demographic variables could not. Finally, the extent to which experimental play mirrors patterns of interaction found in everyday life is traced.The book starts with a succinct but substantive introduction to the use of gametheory as an analytical tool and its use in the social sciences for the rigorous testing of hypotheses about fundamental aspects of social behaviour outside artificially constructed laboratories. Theresults of the fifteen case studies are summarized in a suggestive chapter about the scope of the project. Combining ethnographic and experimental approaches, this book reports the results of a large cross-cultural study aimed at determining the sources of social (non-selfish) preferences that underlie the diversity of human sociality. This book includes a succinct but substantive introduction to the use of game theory as an analytical tool. This item is printed on demand. Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.…

Bestandsnummer des Verkäufers 9780199262052

Titel
Foundations of Human Sociality (Paperback)
Autor
Samuel Bowles
Verlag
Oxford University Press, Oxford
Erscheinungsjahr
2004
Zustand
new
Einband
Paperback
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN-10
0199262055
ISBN-13
9780199262052

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