CHAPTER 1
A MAN WHOSE NAME WAS JOB
Job 1–2
DIMENSION ONE: WHAT DOES THE BIBLE SAY?
Answer these questions by reading Job 1
1. What kind of person is Job? (1:1)
2. Why is Job called "the greatest man among all the people of the East"? (1:23)
3. How do Job's children spend their time? (1:4)
4. What does Job do continually on behalf of his children? Why? (1:5)
5. Of what group is Satan a part? (1:6)
6. How does Satan occupy his time? (1:7)
7. What does the Lord ask Satan? (1:8)
8. What does Satan say God has done for Job? (1:9-10)
9. What is Satan's challenge to God? (1:11)
10. Does God accept Satan's challenge? If so, what limitations does God place on Satan? (1:12)
11. What calamities befall Job?
(1:14-15)
(1:16)
(1:17)
(1:18-19)
12. What does Job do in response to these tragic events? (1:20)
13. What does Job say? (1:21-22)
Answer these questions by reading Job 2
14. Why does God consider Job vindicated? (2:3)
15. What does Satan tell God to do? (2:4-5)
16. What condition does God attach to Satan's second challenge? (2:6)
17. How does Satan afflict Job? (2:7)
18. What advice does Job's wife offer? (2:9)
19. What is Job's response to this advice? (2:10)
20. Who are the friends who come to console Job? (2:11)
21. What do Job's friends do when they first see Job? (2:12-13)
22. What do Job's friends say to him? Why? (2:13)
DIMENSION TWO: WHAT DOES THE BIBLE MEAN?
* Job 1:1. Various meanings have been suggested for the Hebrew name Job, including hostile, persecuted, enemy, or hated one. In fact, Job may have been a common proper name with no special symbolic significance. Uz, the country of Job's origin, is probably Edom. As an Edomite, Job would have been a descendant of Esau, Jacob's brother, and therefore a non-Israelite or Gentile.
Job is described as "blameless [from a Hebrew word meaning complete or whole] and upright" (that is, absolutely honest and fair in his dealings with others). The term feared God refers not only to a sense of God's awesomeness but also to a strict and scrupulous obedience to God's law. (See Deuteronomy 6:1-3.)
Job 1:2. Job's wealth and large family are evidence that Job is highly favored by God. Sons in particular were considered a reward for righteousness. (See Psalm 127:3-5.)
Job 1:4-5. The reference to how Job's sons "used to take turns holding feasts" (NIV 1984) may mean that they feasted daily — each of the seven sons having one day of the week! In any case, the feasting was frequent. So Job was constantly taking precautions to ensure his children's righteous status before God. To "curse God in [one's] heart" means to think of God in a disrespectful or contemptuous manner.
* Job 1:6. "Angels" translates the Hebrew term for "sons of God" and refers here to members of an angelic court who regularly present themselves before God. They are servants ready to do God's bidding. One of this company is Satan (literally, the Satan). Taken from a verb meaning to accuse, the term Satan is used here as a title and not as a proper name. The function performed by this accuser, or adversary, is similar to that of a criminal investigator or prosecuting attorney.
* Job 1:7-8. The verb translated here as "going back and forth" should be understood in the sense of patrolling or being on the lookout for someone to accuse. The reference to Job as God's servant places him in the company of Israel's greatest heroes: Moses, Caleb, David, Isaiah, Zerubbabel, and others.
* Job 1:9-12. "Does Job fear God for nothing?" (The Contemporary English Version asks, "Why shouldn't he respect you?") The Accuser challenges God by suggesting that Job's righteousness is really in his own self-interest. God has rewarded Job's obedience with great wealth and has "put a hedge around" (that is, protected) him, his family, and his possessions. God should test Job's faithfulness by withdrawing that hedge and allowing Job to suffer. The Accuser predicts that, under duress, Job will curse God (commit blasphemy). God cannot ignore this affront to Job's honor and God's credibility. The Accuser may test Job so long as Job himself is not harmed.
* Job 1:13-19. In a single day, a series of catastrophes deprives Job of his livestock, his servants, and his children. The Sabeans are Arabian nomads who send marauding bands northward into Uz. The "fire of God" is lightning. Chaldeans are nomads of Aramean origin who approach Uz from the east and north. Finally, Job's children are killed in a whirlwind. Job is left with absolutely nothing, except his health (and his wife, who appears in Job 2).
* Job 1:20-22. The tearing of garments and shaving of one's head are customary signs of mourning in Near Eastern societies. Despite this total devastation, Job continues to worship God in the traditional fashion by prostrating himself full-length on the ground. Contrary to the Accuser's expectation, Job's prayer shows him faithfully to accept his misfortune. Instead of cursing God, Job blesses God!
* Job 2:1-3. The heavenly court reconvenes, and God again boasts to the Accuser about Job. Unjustly accused and victimized, Job "maintains his integrity."
* Job 2:4. "Skin for skin" is a proverbial saying of uncertain meaning. ("Value for value" or "a life for a life" have been suggested paraphrases.) The sentence immediately following — "A man will give all he has for his own life." — is our best clue. The Accuser thinks the stakes are not yet high enough. Were Job's own body to be touched, he would indeed curse God. Once again God agrees to the test, giving the Accuser permission to afflict Job in the flesh but not to kill him.
* Job 2:7-8. Job is now tormented with a hideous disease of the skin that covers his entire body with malignant ulcers and boils. This condition requires Job to isolate himself, so he retires to the equivalent of the town dump — a heap of dust, ashes, and dirt found at the entrance of ancient Near Eastern villages.
* Job 2:9-10. Job's wife, who speaks only once in the story, gives way to despair and advises Job to curse God and die. She is telling Job, in effect, "Your situation is hopeless; put yourself out of your misery!" Angry at her effort to sway him, Job accuses his wife of moral weakness. The Contemporary English Version translates his response, "If we accept blessings from God, we must accept trouble as well." Just as before, Job's suffering does not shake...