The link between nutrition, food and health is well established and the global interest in these areas generates new information every day. This book pulls together the latest research on flavour chemistry and nutritional and functional properties of food.
Topics covered in flavour chemistry begin with an overview of the analysis, occurrence and formation mechanism of furan, a food-borne carcinogen, then focuses on analysis of melamine, the uses of enzymes to modify flavours of wines and protein as a process flavour precursor and finally includes information on the volatile compounds in an array of food products and ingredients such as coriander, chamomile, saffron and dry fermented sausage.
Coverage in the nutritional and functional properties of food section is wide range and includes reviews of the hot topics such as the metabolism of dietary phenolic acids, the use of emulsions for the oral delivery of bioactive phytochemicals and the impact on epigenetics in cancer prevention. Written by international experts in the field and edited to a high standard, this title will provide a unique reference for researchers and other professionals in the industry and academia, particularly those directly involved in food science.
Nutrition, Functional and Sensory Properties of Foods
By Chi-Tang Ho, Cynthia Mussinan, Fereidoon Shahidi, Ellene Tratras ContisThe Royal Society of Chemistry
Copyright © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-84973-644-2Contents
Flavor Chemistry,
Furan: A food-borne flavor carcinogen Xinchen Zhang, Feng Chen and Mingfu Wang, 3,
Evaluation of melamine analysis in flavor raw materials using GC-MS versus LC-MS-MS J. Broekhans and H. Leijs, 19,
Validation and application of QuEChERS to flavor and fragrance R&D N. Harmuth, F. Fang and G. Reiner, 33,
Effect of enzyme treatment on volatile profile of white and red wines from Macedonia by using HS-SPME-GC/MS Sanja Kostadinovic Velickovska, Sebastian Tolle, Recep Goek, Goran Milanov and Peter Winterhalter, 40,
Enzymatic modification of wheat proteins for flavor generation Marissa Villafuerte Romero, Sree Raghavan and Chi-Tang Ho, 57,
Aroma character of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves: limited odor unit method and sensory perception in preference H. Tamura, K. Maeyama, E. Yoshida and M. Kori, 66,
Volatile flavor constituents of chamomile from eight different areas of Greece P.C. Gourna, EG Demertzis and K. Akrida-Demertz, 74,
Identification of volatile flavor constituents of the peel (flavedo) from five Greek citrus varieties cultivated in the area of Arta P.G. Demertzis, A.I. Passa and K. Akrida-Demertzi, 85,
Flavor and sensory characteristics of yogurt derived from milk treated by high intensity ultrasound Fanagiotis Sfakianakis and Constantino Tzia, 92,
Effects of naturally occurring phenolic compounds in coffee on the formation of Maillard aromas Yongmin Wang and Chi-Tang Ho, 98,
Study of flavor volatile profile in microencapsulated Greek saffron products Charikleia Chranioti, Stephanos Fapoutsakis, Aspasia Nikoloudaki and Constantino Tzia, 111,
Effect of Laurus nobilis (bay leaf) essential oil on the formulation, oxidative stability and sensory characteristics of O/W/O olive oil microemulsions Vasiliki Polychniatou and Constantina Tzia, 117,
Effect of addition of cryoprotectants on frozen/thawed mashed potatoes flavor by sensory evaluation Nantia Bikaki, Giannou Virginia and Constantina Tzia, 124,
Antimicrobial activity of natural flavor components incorporated into edible films in meat products Sofia Chanioti, Andreas Katsigiannis and Constantina Tzia, 129,
Profile of aroma-related volatile compounds isolated from probiotic dry-fermented sausages produced with free or immobilized L. casei using SPME GC/MS analysis Marianthi Sidira, Maria Kanellaki and Yiannis Kourkoutas, 135,
Application of non-targeted approach in flavor science: A review Sang Mi Lee and Young-Suk Kim, 148,
Nutritional And Functional Properties Of Food,
Bioactive peptides and human health Fereidoon Shahidi and Quanqaun Li, 159,
Omega-3 oils, their food and non-food application and beneficial health effects Fereidoon Shahidi and Abdulrhman S. Al-Khalifa, 168,
Metabolism of dietary phenolic acids Yu Wang, Fereidoon Shahidi and Chi-Tang Ho, 178,
Emulsion in oral delivery of bioactive lipophilic phytochemicals Yuwen Ting, Shiming Li, Chi-Tang Ho and Qingrong Huang, 205,
Oil and phytochemicals from small fruit seeds Fereidoon Shahidi and Nishani Perera, 224,
Review on chemical analysis and formation mechanism of cholesterol oxidation products Daniel Wong and Mingfu Wang, 231,
Impact on epigenetic in cancer chemoprevention by natural dietary compounds Jia-Ching Wu, Ching-Shu Lai, Slavik Dushenkov, Ying-Jan Wang, Chi-Tang Ho and Min-Hsiung Pan, 243,
The molecular targets of garcinol confer antitumor effects Chi-Tang Ho, Min-Hsiung Pan and Yuan-Soon Ho, 251,
Tea extracts confer its antiprohferating effects through inhibition of nicotine- and estrogen-induced 9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulation in human breast cancer cells Yuan-Soon Ho and Min-Hsiung Pan, 256,
Comparison of anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of nobiletin and its urinary metabolite, 3',4'-didemethylnobiletin Ching-Shu Lai, Grace S. Chang, Shiming Li, Chih-Yu Lo, Chi-Tang Ho and Min-Hsiung Pan, 269,
Inhibitory effects of 5-demethyltangeretin and 5-acetyloxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone on human colon cancer cells Ching-Shu Lai, Jun-Yan Zeng, Shiming Li, Qingrong Huang, Chi-Tang Ho and Min-Hsiung Pan, 281,
Peracetylated epigallocatechin-3-gallate effectively prevents human breast cancer cell metastasis by targeting the matrix metalloproteinases activity and fatty acid synthase expression Yi-Shiou Chiou, Nianhan Jia-Lin Ma, Shengmin Sang, Shiming Li, Ying-Jan Wang, Chi-Tang Ho and Min-Hsiung Pan, 291,
Total phenolics, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of commercial pomegranate based juices from Greece E .Ch. Zografou, A. Kallimanis, K. Akrida-Demertzi and P.G. Demertzis, 303,
Suppression of the deformation of Raj i cells by (E)-2-alkenals, aroma components of coriander (Coriandrum sativum 1.) leaves, and behavior of (E)-2-dodecenal inrat blood S. Kano, K. Maeyama, Y. Wang, A. Kondo, T. Furumoto, H. Fukui and H. Tamura, 313,
Acute limit oral toxicity study of 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde in rats Chin-Chu Chen and Chia-Feng Kuo, 324,
Subject Index, 331,
CHAPTER 1
FURAN: A FOOD-BORNE FLAVOR CARCINOGEN
Xinchen Zhang, Feng Chen and Mingfu Wang
1 INTRODUCTION
Cancer, the generic name for a group of diseases which can happen at various parts of body, is characterized by uncontrolled rapid reproduction of abnormal cells. As the leading cause of death over the world, WHO estimates continuing growth of deaths from cancer which could be projected to 12 million in 2030.' Although not fully understood, the causes of cancer can be divided into either internal genetic defects or external environmental influences. Studies on the incidence of chronic diseases between the twins and among the migrants suggest that lifestyle and environmental factors account for 90-95% of most chronic illnesses including cancer (Figure I). In this sense, cancer is mostly preventable via avoiding the harmful environmental factors such as tobacco, unhealthy diet, alcohol and infectious organisms. The potential effects of diet on cancer incidence were revealed by observations conducted in countries with different dietary habits and it is noted that carcinogens are either derived from food itself, food additives or produced from processing and cooking. Epidemiological studies and exposure assessment are still needed to help explore these carcinogens' potential on human cancer risk and research on source identification and mitigation approach is of significance.
Furan (C4H4O, MW=68.08) is a kind of heterocyclic organic compound whose single planar aromatic ring is composed of four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It exists as colorless liquid but is quite volatile with a boiling point close to room temperature.Commercially, furan can be produced by decarbonylation of furfural under catalyzed steam distillation or oxidation of butadiene and furan produced is in turn used to prepare other organic compounds such as tetrahydrofuran, thiophene and polymers. The presence of furan as a food flavor compound has been well documented, originating from a group of common nutritional components under thermal processing conditions. Given its toxicity and carcinogenicity as revealed by animal studies, growing attention has been drawn to determining furan occurrence in food in order to assess whether human's exposure is within safe...