The advancement of AI transforms how individuals approach learning, giving rise to a new model of independence supported by intelligent tools. AI agents can personalize instruction, provide real-time feedback, and adapt to learners' needs, enabling more self-directed and flexible educational experiences. As traditional instruction changes, AI-driven systems reshape the role of guidance, motivation, and assessment. Understanding this shift is essential for evaluating both the opportunities and challenges of independent learning in a digital world. Redefining Independent Learning With AI Agents investigates how AI agents redefine education and independent learning by offering targeted, adaptive, and scalable solutions. It explores how AI-powered tools can raise participation, enhance accessibility, and promote lifelong learning. This book covers topics such as adaptive learning, digital technology, and education assessment, and is a useful resource for engineers, educators, academicians, researchers, and scientists.

�ber die Autorinnen und Autoren

Momina Shaheen is an academic and researcher in computer science with over 8 years of experience in teaching and research. She currently serves as a Lecturer in Computing and Programme Leader at the University of Roehampton London. Her work focuses on edge computing, the Internet of Things, federated learning, and cybersecurity, with applications across smart cities, healthcare, finance, and education. Shaheen holds a B.Sc. in Information Technology, an M.Eng. in Software Engineering, and defended her Ph.D. in Computer Science, focusing on improving deep learning performance in federated machine learning. Her academic contributions include over 46 peer-reviewed publications in Q1 journals, multiple book chapters, and editorial work, earning her an h-index of 9 and over 400 citations. She has taught a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate modules, including algorithms, software development, artificial intelligence, and data visualization. In addition to her teaching, she leads international collaborations and actively contributes to curriculum design, grant writing, and supervision of research projects. She also served as a reviewer for prominent journals such as Nature (under Early Career Reviewer Program), MDPI Electronics, IEEE Access, IET Information Security, Springer Scientific Reports, PLOS ONE, and ACM Transactions, and has chaired international conferences. Shaheen is committed to fostering innovation in computing education, and intelligent systems.

Jay Kumar Pandey is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering at Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki (U.P.) India. Dr. Pandey has completed his Ph.D. and has done his M.Tech. with specialization in Power Control (Instrumentation) and also done his MBA from Finance and Marketing. His subjects of interest are related to Artificial Intelligence, Biomedical & Healthcare, Image Processing, Machine Learning and Renewable energy. He has 15 years of teaching and research experience has published more than 30 research papers in National and International journals /conferences & Book Chapters in CRC, NOVA, Taylor & Francis, Springer and IGI Publisher. Dr. Pandey is an editor of books (edited) published by reputed publishers Apple Academy Press, IGI, Elsevier, Wiley-IEEE, NOVA, Bentham Science, IAP, Emerald Publication, Taylor & Francis & Cambridge Scholar .Dr. Pandey is also Editor of Journal of Technology Innovations and Energy United States. Dr. Pandey having reviewer in different conference/Journal/Book Chapters like (The Journal of Supercomputing in Springer Nature, IGI publishing, Journal of Security and Communication Networks Hindawi, Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (JBBBE) Scientific Net, Switzerland, Advanced Engineering Forum (AEF) Scientific Net, Switzerland)

Faizan Ahmad is a Lecturer in Computer Science at Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University. Prior to joining Cardiff Met, Dr. Faizan worked as a Tenure-Track Assistant Professor/Founding Director of the Research Centre for Human-Computer Interaction (2018-2022) and Research Associate (2010-2011) in a well-reputed university of Pakistan where they were responsible for curriculum design, teaching, research, supervisory, moderation, and consultancy in human-computer interaction domain. Dr. Faizan received their Ph.D. in Computer Science and Technology from the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2017, and their M.Eng. (Distinction) in Computer Applied Technology from the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University in 2013. With a broad teaching background in computer science to diverse audiences (e.g., face-to-face, online, and apprenticeship), Dr. Faizan Ahmad have successfully planned, developed, and led modules in the domains of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Games, Web, and Mobile Application Development. Dr. Faizan's technical expertise spans from foundational subjects such as Programming Fundamentals to advanced topics like Usability and Interaction Design. Dr. Faizan Ahmad's research focuses on advancing Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence and AI-driven personalised learning within the context of Smart Learning Environments, Immersive Education Technologies, and Industry 5.0. Dr. Faizan is particularly interested in designing emotionally adaptive, cognitively engaging systems that integrate Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Gamification, and Multimodal Learning Analytics. A core strand of their work explores the use of emerging technologies such as Digital Twins and the Metaverse to create scalable, inclusive, and personalised educational experiences. Through this interdisciplinary lens, they aim to develop intelligent learning systems that respond to learners' behavioural, emotional, and performance data in real time, enhancing both learner engagement and pedagogical impact.

Jawad Rasheed received a B.S. degree in telecommunication engineering from the National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan. He then moved to Turkey, earning an M.S. degree in electrical and electronics engineering and a Ph.D. in computer engineering. He was a gold medalist and was awarded the Academic Excellence Award for securing straight A's in O' Level exams held by Cambridge University. Later, he also received a prestigious Doctorate and Research Scholarship for his Ph.D. studies (for three years). Dr. Rasheed is currently working as an Associate Professor at the Department of Computer Engineering at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Turkey. He is the author/co-author of over 60 articles published in well-reputed journals and highly-ranked conferences. He serves as editor of several reputed journals including PLoS ONE, International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, PLoS Digital Health, and Current Medical Imaging. He was guest/lead guest/topic editor for special issues at the Symmetry, Mathematics, Healthcare, Applied Sciences, Electronics, and Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. Recently, he served as a book editor for Springer Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies (Forthcoming Networks and Sustainability in the IoT Era) and Lecture Notes on Network Systems (Forthcoming Networks and Sustainability in the IoT Era). In addition, he is the general chair of IEEE ICAIoT and IEEE/Springer FoNeS-AIoT and chairs the technical program committee of Springer FoNeS-IoT 2021. His research interests include artificial intelligence and image processing. pattern recognition, IoT, LLM, and data analytics. JAWAD RASHEED received a B.S. degree in telecommunication engineering from the National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan. He then moved to Turkey, earning an M.S. degree in electrical and electronics engineering and a Ph.D. in computer engineering. He was a gold medalist and was awarded the Academic Excellence Award for securing straight A's in O' Level exams held by Cambridge University. Later, he also received a prestigious Doctorate and Research Scholarship for his Ph.D. studies (for three years). Dr. Rasheed is currently working as an Associate Professor at the Department of Computer Engineering at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Turkey. He is the author/co-author of over 60 articles published in well-reputed journals and highly-ranked conferences. He serves as editor of several reputed journals including PLoS ONE, International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, PLoS Digital Health, and Current Medical Imaging. He was guest/lead guest/topic editor for special issues at the Symmetry, Mathematics, Healthcare, Applied Sciences, Electronics, and Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. Recently, he served as a book editor for Springer Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies (Forthcoming Networks and Sustainability in the IoT Era) and Lecture Notes on Network Systems (Forthcoming Networks and Sustainability in the IoT Era). In addition, he is the general chair of IEEE ICAIoT and IEEE/Springer FoNeS-AIoT and chairs the technical program committee of Springer FoNeS-IoT 2021. His research interests include artificial intelligence and image processing. pattern recognition, IoT, LLM, and data analytics. JAWAD RASHEED received a B.S. degree in telecommunication engineering from the National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan. He then moved to Turkey, earning an M.S. degree in electrical and electronics engineering and a Ph.D. in computer engineering. He was a gold medalist and was awarded the Academic Excellence Award for securing straight A's in O' Level exams held by Cambridge University. Later, he also received a prestigious Doctorate and Research Scholarship for his Ph.D. studies (for three years). Dr. Rasheed is currently working as an Associate Professor at the Department of Computer Engineering at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Turkey. He is the author/co-author of over 60 articles published in well-reputed journals and highly-ranked conferences. He serves as editor of several reputed journals including PLoS ONE, International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, PLoS Digital Health, and Current Medical Imaging. He was guest/lead guest/topic editor for special issues at the Symmetry, Mathematics, Healthcare, Applied Sciences, Electronics, and Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. Recently, he served as a book editor for Springer Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies (Forthcoming Networks and Sustainability in the IoT Era) and Lecture Notes on Network Systems (Forthcoming Networks and Sustainability in the IoT Era). In addition, he is the general chair of IEEE ICAIoT and IEEE/Springer FoNeS-AIoT and chairs the technical program committee of Springer FoNeS-IoT 2021. His research interests include artificial intelligence and image processing. pattern recognition, IoT, LLM, and data analytics.

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**Please note our transit times are from the date of dispatch.** We first started out as ?The Paperback Exchange,? a chain of physical bookstores where we would part exchange your beloved books for new stories to transport you to faraway places. However, as shopping started to evolve to online shops and marketplaces, we bid our stores goodbye to become ?PBShop.? This transition has only allowed us to blossom as we now ship thousands of titles to book lovers across the globe. We pride ourselves in being a community of local book lovers which allows our passion and devotion to shine in everything we do. In 2020 we not only celebrated our 20th birthday but our 1st birthday as being completely employee owned after becoming an E.O.T in September 2019. We are proud to be different and embrace standing apart on a book mountain by working from a virtual inventory which allows us to provide thousands of books that may be difficult to get for your bookshelf or your studies. Working with a number of different suppliers allows us to explore other avenues such as puzzles, sheet music and even stationery so we really do have something for everyone. Life is about being versatile in all realms of existence. If this is your first purchase with us, or you are a returning customer, we would like to welcome you to the PBShop family, for there is no friend as loyal as a book. We are a company who put our customers at the centre of everything we do as we understand the importance of reading because once you learn to read, you will forever be free. There are a whole lot of things in this world of ours that we are yet to explore, which is why we will forever inspire curious minds.

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