Kapital von Karl Marx (Mehr als 1.400 Ergebnisse)

8vo. XII, 784 pp. Slightly later half cloth with marbled covers. Stored in custom-made cloth case with gilt spine label. First edition: a fine copy of one of the most influential books ever published. The exceedingly rare first volume was the only one to be completed by Marx in his lifetime, while the second and third volumes were completed posthumously by Engels from Marx's papers (1885 and 1894). "The history of the twentieth century is Marx's legacy [.] Within one hundred years of his death half the world's population was ruled by governments that professed Marxism to be their guiding faith. His ideas have transformed the study of economics, history, geography, sociology, and literature" (Wheen). "Marx himself modestly described 'Das Kapital' as a continuation of his 'Zur Kritik der politischen Oekonomie', 1859. It was in fact the summation of a quarter of a century's economic studies, mostly in the Reading Room of the British Museum" (PMM). - Stamp of the Würzburg Volksbildungsverein on title page (slightly trimmed at bottom during rebinding ca. 1900). Occasional slight staining to edges near beginning, not touching text; a few pencil annotations by an economic scholar, ca. 1900. Altogether a tight, well-preserved specimen. - PMM 359. Rubel 633. Wheen, Marx, p. 299 ff. Books That Made Europe, p. 238.

8vo. (2), XIII, (3), 678 pp. Printed on very thick, heavy, vellum-like paper. Bound in a splendid, contemporary, Russian full diced calf binding with blindstamped and darker coloured rectangular "frames" to boards and to compartments of spine. Gilt title to spine. First edition, first issue in Russian, the first translation of "Das Kapital" into any language: a truly magnificent copy of an otherwise unknown deluxe edition printed on special, very heavy paper, making it about 30% thicker than the usual first edition copies. - Although Marx's other works were banned in Russia, the Tsarist censors passed "Das Kapital" as harmless on account of its length and complexity, and the book - rather unexpectedly - became an immediate success with the Russian intelligentsia in search of a theoretical model for industrializing their economically backward country. The press-run of 3000 copies was soon exhausted, and the ensuing ban on the book, when the board of censorship realized their error, prohibited the planned second edition (which was subsequently brought out in New York). The appearance on the market of any first edition has therefore become a great rarity. No mention of a deluxe edition is made at all in the vast bibliographical literature on "Das Kapital". While one could only speculate on the reason for preparing such a special edition, its number must have been extremely small, likely limited to no more than a handful of copies for a small, exclusive group - possibly to be sought among the young revolutionary intellectuals who had laboured for years to make possible the Russian translation, which soon was going to have such a profound effect on world history. This is the only such copy we have been able to locate. - A bit of wear to extremities and traces of faint dampstaining to boards. Inner front hinge slightly weak; the first few leaves with faint traces of slight dampstaining. Very light occasional brownspotting, otherwise fresh and crisp. Old Russian newspaper-clippings to endpapers. A uniquely produced specimen of one of the most influential books ever published. - Marx-Engels Erstdrucke 33. Cf. PMM 359.

Hamburg, Otto Meisner, 1867. 8vo. Nice contemporary black half calf with gilt spine. Minor wear to hinges and capitals, which have tiny, barely noticeable professional restorations. Inner hinges re-enforced. Contemporary owner's names (Emil Kirchner and Karl Kirchner (1887)) to front free end-paper. Contemporary book-plate to inside of front board (Ernst Ferdinand Kirchner). A very nice copy with just the slightest of occasional brownspotting. Housed in a very nice custom-made black full morocco box with gilt llettering to spine. XII, 784 pp. Scarce first edition of Marx' immensely influential main work, arguably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century. With its attack on capitalists and capitalist mode of production, this cornerstone of 19th century thought came to determine the trajectory of economics and politics of the Western world. Marx' groundbreaking "Das Kapital" originally appeared in German in 1867, and only the first part of the work appeared in Marx' lifetime. PMM 358.

Hardcover. Zustand: Fine. 1st Edition. First Edition, First Printing in English of "Das Kapital" overseen by Engels and translated by Samuel Moore and Marx's son-in-law Edward Aveling. A beautiful (2 Volume) set. Both books are bound in the publisher's ORIGINAL plum cloth that have been expertly rebacked preserving the original endpapers. The pages are clean with NO writing, marks or bookplates in the book. A fabulous scarce set in English, housed in a quarter morocco folding case.

Berlin, Franz Duncker, 1859. 8vo. Nice contemporary hafl calf with gilt lettering to spine. A bit of wear to extremities, markings after old label to front board and signs of vague damp staining to front board. A mostly faint damp stain to outer inner corner throrughout, but otherwise very nice. Title-page a bit dusty. Old library number (872) to front free end-paper and top of title-page and marginal pencil-annotations to a number of leaves. VIII, (2), 170 pp. Title-page with the ownership-signature of Alexander Appolonovich Manuilov to top of title-page and binding with his initials "A. M." in gold to the fot of spine. Scarce first edition, in a magnificent association-copy, of the groundbreaking work, in which Marx first presents his revolutionizing theories of capitalism, forming the foundation for his main work "The Capital", which appeared eight year later. It is also in this milestone of political and economic thought that Marx presents his economic interpretation of history for the first time.Alexander Appolonovich Manuilov (1861-1929) was a Russian economist and politician, famous not only as one of the founding members of the Constitutional Democratic party (known as the Kadets), but also as the Russian translator of Marx' "Zur Kritik.", i.e. the present work. "Manuilov graduated from the law department of the University of Novorossiia (Odessa, 1883). He began scholarly and pedagogical work in political economy in 1888. In 1901 he became head of a subdepartment at Moscow University, becoming assistant rector in 1905 and serving as rector from 1908 to 1911. He was dismissed by the tsarist government for attacking the "extremes" of Stolypin?s agrarian legislation. In the 1890?s he was a liberal Narodnik (Populist), later becoming a Constitutional Democrat (Cadet) and a member of the Central Committee of the Cadet Party. Manuilov?s draft on agrarian reform (1905) was the basis for the Cadets? agrarian program. V. I. Lenin sharply criticized Manuilov, calling him one of "the bourgeois liberal friends of the muzhik who desire the ?extension of peasant land ownership? but do not wish to offend the landlords" (Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 11, p. 126, note).At the beginning of his scholarly career Manuilov accepted the labor theory of value. In 1896 he translated K. Marx? work A Contribution to the Criticism of Political Economy (Zur Kritik der Politischen Oekonomie). During the years of reaction he espoused subjectivist and psychological views in political economy. In 1917 he was minister of education of the Provisional Government. After the October Revolution in 1917 he emigrated but soon returned and cooperated with Soviet power. He participated in the orthographic reform (1918). In 1924 he became a member of the board of Gosbank (State Bank). He taught in higher educational institutions. Changing to Marxist positions and relying on Lenin?s works, he criticized the revisionists and neo-Narodniks on the agrarian question." (Encycl. Britt.).For many years, the exclusive focus on "Das Kapital" meant that the "Kritik" was overlooked. Since the beginning of the 1960's, however, scholars have become increasingly aware of its importance as the blueprint for the social and economic theory Marx shall go on to develop (see for example Raymond Aron, "Le Marxisme de Marx", 1962). It is here that Marx outlines the research programme to which he shall devote the rest of his working life. He himself described "Das Kapital" as a continuation of his "Zur Kritik der politischen Oekonomie" (see e.g. PMM 359), in which his primary concern is an examination of capital and in which he provides the theoretical foundation for his political conclusions later presented in "Das Kapital". "I examine the system of bourgeois economy in the following order: capital, landed property, wage-labour" the State, foreign trade, world market.The economic conditions of existence of the three great classes into which modern bourgeois society is divided are analysed under the first three headings the interconnection of the other three headings is self-evident. The first part of the first book, dealing with Capital, comprises the following chapters: 1. The commodity, 2. Money or simple circulation" 3. Capital in general. The present part consists of the first two chapters." (Preface to the present work, in the translation (by S.W. Ryazanskaya) of the Progress Publishers-edition, Moscow, 1977).Apart from the obvious importance of the work as the foundational precursor to what is probably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century, the "Kritik" is of the utmost importance in the history of political and economic thought, as it is here, in the preface, that Marx outlines his classic formulation of historical materialism. This preface contains the first connected account of what constitutes one of Marx's most important and influential theories, namely the economic interpretation of history - the idea that economic factors condition the politics and ideologies that are possible in a society."The first work which I undertook to dispel the doubts assailing me was a critical re-examination of the Hegelian philosophy of law" the introduction to this work being published in the Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher issued in Paris in 1844. My inquiry led me to the conclusion that neither legal relations nor political forms could be comprehended whether by themselves or on the basis of a so-called general development of the human mind, but that on the contrary they originate in the material conditions of life, the totality of which Hegel, following the example of English and French thinkers of the eighteenth century, embraces within the term "civil society"" that the anatomy of this civil society, however, has to be sought in political economy. The study of this, which I began in Paris, I continued in Brussels, where I moved owing to an expulsion order issued by M. Guizot. The general conclusion at which I arrived and whic.

8vo. (2), XIII, (2), 678 pp. Contemporary half calf with gilt title to spine. In custom-made green morocco-backed clamshell case. First edition in Russian, the first translation of "Das Kapital" into any language. Due to the unexpected popularity of the book, and its subsequent ban in the 1890s, this edition of 3000 copies was soon exhausted and the book became very rare. Later, Marx noted the excellence of the Russian translation. In 1880, he wrote to F. Zorge saying that of all countries, the "Capital" had been read and appreciated most fully in Russia. - Marx-Engels Erstdrucke 33.

Tall 4to (186 x 276 mm). VII, (1), 325, (1) pp. Modern marbled half calf with giltstamped title to spine. Marbled endpapers. Very rare first Polish edition of "Das Kapital": the first Polish translation of Marx's revolutionary magnum opus, clandestinely printed in Germany (by Gustaf Uszman in Weimar) and then smuggled into Poland. The publication of the first Polish translation not only came to influence Polish politics and economics, but also marked an important watershed in Polish socialism and constitutes one of the earliest printings within organized Polish Marxism. - A few edge tears to the title-page professionally repaired; old Polish library stamps (deaccessioned) on verso. Only two copies recorded in libraries via OCLC: in the National Library of Poland (Biblioteka Narodowa) in Warsaw and at the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam. - Estreicher (1881-1900) III, 130. OCLC 750556887. Not in Marx-Engels Erstdrucke. Cf. PMM 359.

[Weimar, Gustaf Uszman] for E.L. Kasprowicz, Lipsk [Leipzig], 1884-[89]. Large 4to. Bound in a very nice recent red half calf with five raised bands and gilt title to spine. Title-page with repair to inner margin and with a few closed tears. Outer margin discreetly reinforced. Verso of title-page with "1942 D. 1513" in pencil. Last leaf also with a couple of closed/repaired tears, with minor loss of text, and reinforced in margin. Apart from the nicely restored flaws to the first and last leaf, this is an excellent, very nice and clean copy. VII, 325, (1) pp. Very rare first edition of the first Polish translation of Marx' revolutionizing main work, "The Capital", which was clandestinely printed in Germany and then smuggled into Poland. The Polish translation, which is much rarer than the first Russian edition, and thus of the utmost scarcity, was illegally printed in Germany, with the mediation of the translator Kasprowicz (who worked for Brockhaus), by G. Uszman in Weimar (far enough from Prussia for the government not to be too concerned with the socialist activities of Polish students) and was then smuggled, mostly via Leipzig and Torún, into Russian Poland. It appeared in three parts, from 1884 to 1889. The translation, which was mainly done from the French, was the work of the hugely influential Polish socialist group, the Krusinsk-ites, which counted Stanislaw Krusinski, Ludwik Krzywicki (who corresponded directly with Marx himself), Mieczyslaw Brzezinski, Kazimierz Plawinski, and Jozef Siemaszko. Ludwik Krzywicki (1859-1941) was the editor-in-chief of this great collaborative work. He is credited with being the leading Marxist of the period and one of the greatest Marxist thinkers of Poland. In 1883 he was expelled from Warsaw University, after which he went to Germany, Switzerland and France, before returning to Poland in 1893, where he continued his political activities and took part in the 1905 revolution. While in Leipzig (from 1883), working on the translation of the Capital into Polish, he began corresponding with Marx, and after Marx died (March 1883), he continued corresponding with Engels, who provided direct suggestions of improvements and corrections.The publication of the first Polish translation of Marx' Capital not only came to influence Polish politics and economics, it also marked an important divide in Polish socialism and constitutes one of the earliest printings within organized Polish Marxism. "In 1882 Ludwig Warýnsk (1856-89) organized in the former Congress Kingdom the first Polish workers' party under the name Social-Revolutionary Party "Proletariat". At the same time in the Russianized Imperial University of Warsaw a circle of young Polish socialists established itself. Its main theoretician was Stanislaw Krusinski (1857-86) after whom the group were called "Krusinski-ites". The most important among them was later to become one of the greatest scholars in the field of the social sciences. In 1884 the Krusinski-ites published in Leipzig the Polish translation of volume one of "Capital".In the ideology of the first Polish Marxists two different tendencies are to be distinguished" a social-revolutionary and a social-democratic one. The first was prevalent in Warzynski's "Proletariat"" after the secession of a social-democratic group named "Solidarity" and led by Kazimierz Puchewicz it was unanimously accepted by this party. The second tendency was dominant in Krusinski's circle. The differences dividing them were profoundly theoretical and not merely tactical. Generally speaking, the social revolutionaries emphasized the important role of the "subjective factor" in history while the social democrats insisted on the necessity of a gradual "ripening" of the economic conditions of the socialist revolution. The social revolutionaries closely collaborated with the Russian populist party, The People's Will, and, under its influence, endorsed political terrorism" the social democrats were resolutely opposed to this. Even more important was the controversy concerning the basic theoretical assumptions of Marxism and their applicability to an economically backward country. The social democrats were convinced that the objective conditions for a socialist revolution would not be ripe until the given country had passed through all phases of capitalist development." (Walicki, Stanislaw Brzozowski and the Polish Beginnings of "Western Marxism", pp. 41-42).

London, The Modern Press, 1883. Royal8vo. Entire volume present, in the original olive green full cloth binding with gilt lettering to spine. Front board with black line-borders, black vignette, gilt lettering and gilt ornamentation depicting the sun. Spine with small mark and professional repairs to head and tail of spine. Light occassional brownspots to first leaves, otherwise a fine and clean copy. (Capital:) Pp. 57-68" 145-150. (Entire volume:) IV, 600 pp. Housed in a cloth clamshell box with gilt lettering to spine. The exceedingly rare first British translation of any part of ?Das Kapital? and the first English translation of any part of the work to be published in Britain. When Karl Marx was finalizing the first volume of ?Das Kapital?, he was already planning an English translation British socialism was dominated by trade unionism and Marx wanted to propagate his ideas among the British working class. It would take 16 years, however, before the present translation was published and a full 20 years before the first full translation of the first volume of Das Kapital was published. The present work is of the utmost scarcity and we have not beeen able to find a single auction record of it. Marx' research for ?Das Kapital? was in large part carried out in the reading room of the British Library, and the British working class during the industrial revolution in the late 18th century and early 19th century was highly important to Marx' class analysis. Consequently, Marx was eager to have an English translation published and for years, Marx and Engels tried to find an English translator and an editor for ?Das Kapital? While several unauthorized translations were planned and even begun, nothing came of it in Marx?s lifetime. The present book is the first volume of a journal, edited by Ernest Belfort Bax & James Leigh Joynes, which specialized in the publication of free-thinking and radical works. It was published from 1883 to 1889, and To-Day's guiding principle was to 'shake itself free from all fetters, save those of truth and taste'. Its political stance is indeed bold and not entirely unfitting for a first translation of ?Das Kapital?: 'the equal rights of every human being to health, wealth, wisdom and happiness shall be our watchword'. Two sections of Das Kapital , namely: I. The Serfdom of Work" II. The Lordship of Wealth. According to the heading, the second installment is being translated from the French edition of 1872, but a footnote states: ?this chapter is translated from the second and third sections of chapter X of the original". The first complete English book edition appeared in 1887, under the title Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. It was translated by Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling (the partner of Karl Marx's daughter Eleanor), overseen by Engels.

First edition in Russian. 8vo. [2], xiii, [3], 678 pp. With the half title. Contemporary quarter roan with pebble-grain black cloth covered boards, spine with four single raised bands outlined with blind and black rules, second panel lettered in black, with the original front and rear orange printed wrappers bound-in (contemporary ink ownership inscription in Russian cursive to head of half title, near contemporary ownership inscription of 'D. Karlen' to front free endpaper, title page, and dedication page, some occasional light pencilled underling and marginal highlighting throughout, substantial marginal annotation in later blue ink to p. 187 translating the quote by Dryden's 'The Cock and the Fox' from English into Russian; light spotting, browning and some occasional faint staining throughout, a few patches of dark brown staining, most prominently to fore margin of p. 61 and lower corner of p. 519, not obstructing text, paper restoration to gutter of pp. 15-16, pp. 61-62, pp. 63-64 just touching a number of characters with no loss of text; rebacked with the original spine laid down, neatly recornered, endpapers sympathetically renewed retaining the contemporary purple front free endpaper). St. Petersburg, N. P. Poliakov. The first translation of Das Kapital to appear in any language, and arguably the most important ? bound with the exceedingly scarce original front and rear printed wrappers. In one of the great ironies of modern printing history, the censors permitted the publication of Das Kapital in Imperial Russia, dismissing the book as a ?colossal mass of abstruse, somewhat obscure politico-economic argumentation?, and concluding confidently ?that in Russia few will read it and even fewer will understand it? (quoted in Resis, p. 221). The Russian translation was the initiative of the Russian socialist economist Nikolai Danielson (1844-1918). Danielson had read Das Kapital in the original German shortly after its publication, ?and the work made so strong an impression on him that he immediately undertook to bring the book to the Russian reading public? (Resis, p. 223). The project would initiate a life-long correspondence between Danielson and Marx, with Danielson helping Marx source essential Russian material to aid Marx?s research, and Danielson would also later produce Russian translations of the posthumously published second and third volumes of Das Kapital. The first task was to find a willing publisher in Russia and Danielson eventually settled on the radical publisher Nikolai Petrovich Poliakov (1843-1905), who agreed to back the project on the condition that Danielson find an able translator. Ironically, it was not Marx's Das Kapital that would bring Poliakov's publishing career to an end, but rather a collection of Denis Diderot?s novels and short stories published ten months later that was banned by the censors who also liquidated his publishing house. Danielson wrote to Marx in September 1868, who replied immediately with his consent to undertake the project. However, nearly four years would pass until the translation was finally published, ?and four translators tried their hand at it before Danielson was able to send the manuscript to the printers in late December 1871? (Resis, p. 220). The first translator commissioned to undertake the mammoth task was none other than Marx's great adversary the Russian revolutionary anarchist Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876), who accepted the work due to his desperate financial situation. Despite taking an advanced payment from the publisher, Bakunin found the work tedious and would abandon the project after completing only part of the first chapter (White, p. 13). Bakunin?s brief involvement in the project was followed shortly after by his famous split with Marx at the International Workingmen's Association (First International). The task next fell to German Lopatin (1845-1918), a close associate of Danielson's, who translated about a third of the volume. However, Lopatin's work on the translation ended abruptly in November 1870 when he was imprisoned in Russia for attempting to free the great Russian socialist writer Nikolay Chernyshevsky from prison. The remaining chapters were translated by Danielson himself with the assistance of Nikolai Liubavin (1845-1918). Marx's active involvement in the project is of particular note and played its own role in the protracted nature of the translation. Marx was simultaneously working on both the second German edition and first French translation of Kapital and had intended on supplying Danielson with copies of each in order to incorporate the new revisions to the text. However, both of these projects would also be delayed, and Danielson would have to make do with a letter from Marx outlining some of the key changes. The manuscript was finally sent to the printers in late December 1871 and the last remaining hurdle was the Russian censors. Interestingly, the original German edition of Kapital had not been banned by Central Committee of Censors of Foreign Publications and this leniency no doubt provided encouragement for Danielson and the publisher Poliakov (Resis, p. 221). The office of Censors of Domestic Publications assigned two readers to the task of scrutinizing the text; D. Skuratov, who was tasked with the first half of the book, and A. De-Roberti, who read the second. Although both censors were able to identify numerous objectionable socialist and antireligious passages, Skuratov dismissed these offending sections in his final report as harmless, since they were imbedded in a ?colossal mass of abstruse, somewhat obscure politico-economic argumentation?, concluding that ?it can be confidently that in Russia few will read it and even fewer will understand it? (quoted in Resis, p. 221). The Russian translation of Das Kapital was finally published on the 27th of March 1872 in an edition of 3,000 copies. Amusingly, the only part of the book forbidden by the censor was the inclusion of a portrait.

First editions of volumes II and III, revised second edition of volume I, forming a complete set of Das Kapital, Marx's polemical masterpiece, the culmination of nearly 25 years of research. The most significant and influential analysis of capitalism ever written, Das Kapital became the bible of Marxist movements and governments. The first edition of the first volume was published in 1867. Marx revised the text for the present second edition of 1872, and contributed a new ten-page afterword. Following Marx's death in 1883, the second and third volumes were edited from Marx's manuscripts and seen through the press by Friedrich Engels - the second volume published in 1885, and the third volume (in 2 parts) in 1894. "The history of the twentieth century is Marx's legacy. Stalin, Mao, Che, Castro - the icons and monsters of the modern age have all presented themselves as his heirs. Whether he would recognise them as such is quite another matter. Nevertheless, within one hundred years of his death half the world's population was ruled by governments that professed Marxism to be their guiding faith. His ideas have transformed the study of economics, history, geography, sociology and literature. Not since Jesus Christ has an obscure pauper inspired such global devotion - or been so calamitously misinterpreted." (Francis Wheen, in his introduction to Karl Marx, 1999). Rubel 633, 635, 636. 3 volumes bound in 4, octavo. Buch I: 210 x 208 mm, contemporary black half cloth, rebacked with original spine laid down, preserving contemporary paper label (chipped with loss), marbled paper sides. Buch II: 207 x 136 mm, near-contemporary black quarter morocco-grain roan, spine lettered in gilt, marbled paper sides. Buch III (in 2 vols.): 216 x 135 mm), contemporary brown half morocco, orange and black labels, marbled sides and endpapers. Buch II bound without the terminal imprint leaf, and pp. 155/6 in cancelled state. Light rubbing, some light browning and foxing to contents as usual. Buch I with errata bound at front (with paper repair in gutter, and to facing dedication leaf). Buch II with ownership blindstamp to title with 2 small patches of loss, small chip to fore margin of pp. 271/2. Buch III with contemporary label of "Lewald Karlsruhe" to front pastedowns. A very good set.

First edition in Russian. 8vo. [2], xiii, [3], 678 pp. With the half title. Contemporary quarter roan with brown cloth covered boards, spine with four single raised bands outlined in black, first and second panels lettered in blind (neat ink inventory number and Marx's name underlined in pencil to title, a few occasional pencilled underlings and marginal highlights, neat pencilled annotation to head of p. 7, some minor spotting, notwithstanding a nice example, internally cleaner than usually encountered; spine skilfully restored, a very good copy indeed). St. Petersburg, N. P. Poliakov. The first translation of Das Kapital to appear in any language, and arguably the most important. In one of the great ironies of modern printing history, the censors permitted the publication of Das Kapital in Imperial Russia, dismissing the book as a ?colossal mass of abstruse, somewhat obscure politico-economic argumentation?, and concluding confidently ?that in Russia few will read it and even fewer will understand it? (quoted in Resis, p. 221). The Russian translation was the initiative of the Russian socialist economist Nikolai Danielson (1844-1918). Danielson had read Das Kapital in the original German shortly after its publication, ?and the work made so strong an impression on him that he immediately undertook to bring the book to the Russian reading public? (Resis, p. 223). The project would initiate a life-long correspondence between Danielson and Marx, with Danielson helping Marx source essential Russian material to aid Marx?s research, and Danielson would also later produce Russian translations of the posthumously published second and third volumes of Das Kapital. The first task was to find a willing publisher in Russia and Danielson eventually settled on the radical publisher Nikolai Petrovich Poliakov (1843-1905), who agreed to back the project on the condition that Danielson find an able translator. Ironically, it was not Marx's Das Kapital that would bring Poliakov's publishing career to an end, but rather a collection of Denis Diderot?s novels and short stories published ten months later that was banned by the censors who also liquidated his publishing house. Danielson wrote to Marx in September 1868, who replied immediately with his consent to undertake the project. However, nearly four years would pass until the translation was finally published, ?and four translators tried their hand at it before Danielson was able to send the manuscript to the printers in late December 1871? (Resis, p. 220). The first translator commissioned to undertake the mammoth task was none other than Marx's great adversary the Russian revolutionary anarchist Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876), who accepted the work due to his desperate financial situation. Despite taking an advanced payment from the publisher, Bakunin found the work tedious and would abandon the project after completing only part of the first chapter (White, p. 13). Bakunin?s brief involvement in the project was followed shortly after by his famous split with Marx at the International Workingmen's Association (First International). The task next fell to German Lopatin (1845-1918), a close associate of Danielson's, who translated about a third of the volume. However, Lopatin's work on the translation ended abruptly in November 1870 when he was imprisoned in Russia for attempting to free the great Russian socialist writer Nikolay Chernyshevsky from prison. The remaining chapters were translated by Danielson himself with the assistance of Nikolai Liubavin (1845-1918). Marx's active involvement in the project is of particular note and played its own role in the protracted nature of the translation. Marx was simultaneously working on both the second German edition and first French translation of Kapital and had intended on supplying Danielson with copies of each in order to incorporate the new revisions to the text. However, both of these projects would also be delayed, and Danielson would have to make do with a letter from Marx outlining some of the key changes. The manuscript was finally sent to the printers in late December 1871 and the last remaining hurdle was the Russian censors. Interestingly, the original German edition of Kapital had not been banned by Central Committee of Censors of Foreign Publications and this leniency no doubt provided encouragement for Danielson and the publisher Poliakov (Resis, p. 221). The office of Censors of Domestic Publications assigned two readers to the task of scrutinizing the text; D. Skuratov, who was tasked with the first half of the book, and A. De-Roberti, who read the second. Although both censors were able to identify numerous objectionable socialist and antireligious passages, Skuratov dismissed these offending sections in his final report as harmless, since they were imbedded in a ?colossal mass of abstruse, somewhat obscure politico-economic argumentation?, concluding that ?it can be confidently that in Russia few will read it and even fewer will understand it? (quoted in Resis, p. 221). The Russian translation of Das Kapital was finally published on the 27th of March 1872 in an edition of 3,000 copies. Amusingly, the only part of the book forbidden by the censor was the inclusion of a portrait of Marx. By the standards of 700-page economic treatises, the publication was a great success and the edition rapidly sold out, with 1,000 copies already sold by the 15th of May. Marx was delighted and praised the translation as ?masterly? in a letter to Danielson dated 28 May 1872 (MECW, Vol. 44, p. 385). Despite the commercial success of the translation, the early response to Das Kapital in Russia was varied and did not necessarily mark the advent of Russian Marxism as such. Das Kapital appeared in Russia when aspects of modern industrialisation were starting to take form in the Russian economy following the vast changes brought about by the Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861. The vices and virtues of industrialisati.

S.-Peterburg, N.I. Poliakov, 1872. Large 8vo. In a nice recent half calf binding with gilt lettering to spine and five raised bands. First few leaves with light soling and a closed tear and a few marginal repairs to title-page. pp. 11-18 with repairs to upper outer corner. Closed tears to last leaf, otherwise a fine copy. XIII, (3), 678 pp. (wanting the half-title). First Russian edition (first issue, with the issue-pointers), being the first translation into any language, of Marx' immensely influential main work, probably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century.Marx' groundbreaking "Das Kapital" originally appeared in German in 1867, and only the first part of the work appeared in Marx' lifetime. The very first foreign translation of the work was that into Russian, which, considering Russian censorship at the time, would seem a very unlikely event. But as it happened, "Das Kapital" actually came to enjoy greater renown in Russia than in any other country" for many varying reasons, it won a warm reception in many political quarters in Russia, and it enjoyed a totally unexpected rapid and widespread success. The first Russian translation of "Das Kapital" came to have a profound influence the economic development of of Russia. It was frequently quoted in the most important economic and political discussions on how to industrialize Russia and the essential points of the work were seen by many as the essential questions for an industrializing Russia. " "Das Kapital" arrived in Russia just at the moment that the Russian economy was recovering from the slump that followed Emancipation and was beginning to assume capitalist characteristics. Industrialization raised in the minds of the intelligentsia the question of their country's economic destiny. And it was precisely this concern that drew Mikhailovsky and many of the "intelligenty" to "Das Kapital"." (Resis, p. 232).The story of how the first printing of the first translation of "Das Kapital" came about, is quite unexpected. As the "triumph of Marxism in backward Russia is commonly regarded as a historical anomaly" (Resis, p. 221), so is the triumph of the first Russian edition of "Das Kapital". The main credit for the coming to be of the translation of "Das Kapital" must be given to Nicolai Danielson, later a highly important economist in his own right. The idea came from a circle of revolutionary youths in St. Petersburg, including N.F. Danielson, G.A. Lopatin, M.F. Negreskul, and N.N. Liubavin, all four of whom participated in the project. Danielson had read the work shortly after its publication and it had made such an impact on him that he decided to make it available to the Russian reading public. He persuaded N.I. Poliakov to run the risk of publishing it. "Poliakov, the publisher, specialized in publishing authors, Russian and foreign, considered dangerous by the authorities. Poliakov also frequently subsidized revolutionaries by commissioning them to do translations for his publishing house. Diffusion of advanced ideas rather than profit was no doubt his primary motive in publishing the book." (Resis, p. 222). Owing to Danielson's initiative, Poliakov engaged first Bakunin, and then Lopatin to do the translation. Danielson himself finished the translation and saw the work through press. It was undeniably his leadership that brought Marx to the Russian reading public. In fact, with the first Russian edition of "Das Kapital", Danielson was responsible for the first public success of the revolutionizing work. "Few scholars today would deny that "Das Kapital" has had an enormous effect on history in the past hundred years. Nonetheless, when the book was published in Hamburg on September 5, 1867, it made scarcely a stir, except among German revolutionaries. Marx complained that his work was greeted by "a conspiracy of silence" on the part of "a pack of liberals and vulgar economists." However desperately he contrived to provoke established economists to take up "Das Kapital"'s challenge to their work, his efforts came to nought. But in October 1868 Marx received good news from an unexpected source. From Nikolai Frantsevich Danielson, a young economist employed by the St. Petersburg Mutual Credit Society, came a letter informing Marx that N. P. Poliakov, a publisher of that city, desired to publish a Russian translation of the first volume of "Das Kapital" moreover, he also wanted to publish the forthcoming second volume. Danielson, the publisher's representative, requested that Marx send him the proofs of volume 2 as they came off the press so that Poliakov could publish both volumes simultaneously. Marx replied immediately. The publication of a Russian edition of volume 1, he wrote, should not be held up, because the completion of volume 2 might be delayed by some six months [in fact, it did not appear in Marx' life-time and was only published ab. 17 years later, in 1885]" and in any case volume 1 represented an independent whole. Danielson proceeded at once to set the project in motion. Nearly four years passed, however, before a Russian translation appeared. Indeed, a year passed before the translation was even begun, and four translators tried their hand at it before Danielson was able to send the manuscript to the printers in late December 1871." (Resis, pp. 221-22). This explains how the book came to be translated, but how did this main work of revolutionary thought escape the rigid Russian censors? "By an odd quirk of history the first foreign translation of "Das Kapital" to appear was the Russian, which Petersburgers found in their bookshops early in April 1872. Giving his imprimatur, the censor, one Skuratov, had written "few people in Russia will read it, and still fewer will understand it." He was wrong: the edition of three thousand sold out quickly" and in 1880 Marx was writing to his friend F.A. Sorge that "our success is still greater in Russia, where "Kapital" is read and appreciated more than anywhere e.

3 volumes in 4. Verlag von Otto Meissner, Hamburg 1883-1894. 8vo. I: Dritte vermehrte Auflage. Verlag von Otto Meissner, Hamburg (November/December) 1883. XXIII+(1)+808 pages. Contemporary ink stamp and name on titlepage. Titlepage with slight marginal tears. II: Herausgegeben von Friedrich Engels. Verlag von Otto Meissner, Hamburg 1885. XXVII+(1)+526 pages. Titlepage darkened and with contemporary ink stamp. Same ink stamp on first text page. Last page browned and with small, closed marginal tear. III,1: Herausgegeben von Friedrich Engels. Verlag von Otto Meissner, Hamburg 1894. XXVIII+448 pages. III,2: Herausgegeben von Friedrich Engels. Verlag von Otto Meissner, Hamburg 1894. IV+422 pages. A few underlinings. Uniform later full bindings of red morocco with gilt decorations on spines and boards. In matching slipcase. A bit of staining to the edge of the book block of Vol. III,2. * Attractive set of the complete version of Marx's pioneering work on political economy. Only the first volume was published before his death in 1883; the first volume of this set is in third revised and enlarged impression, the last to be planned in Marx' lifetime - he died on March 14, 1883. The rest of the volume are in first impression, edited from Marx's manuscripts and seen through the press by by Friedrich Engels, who also signed the foreword for the third impression by volume 1.

[Blagoev-translation:] Sofia, [presumably 1910 but august 1909 stated on last leaf of preface] & [Ba [Blagoev-translation:] 8vo. In a contemporary full cloth binding with red leather title-label with gilt lettering to spine. Spine with wear and light soiling to extremities. Hindges a bit weak First 10 leaves with stain in margin, otherwise a good copy. (6), XXXI, (1), 675, (1) pp.{Bakalov-translation:] 8vo. In contemporary half calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Wear to extremities and hindges a bit weak Repair to inner margin of title-page. Internally fine and clean. XXX, (2), 598, (2) pp. + frontiespiece of Marx. Withbound is "Karl Marx and His Time": (1)-180 pp. A most interesting set consisting of the two first Bulgarian translations of Marx' 'Das Kapital'. Quite extraordinary in the history of translations of 'Das Kapital' two Bulgarian translation appeared, presumably, simultaneously and both translations seems to have been actively used though the 20ies and 30ies and they were reprinted simultaneously in 1930-31, both edited by Todor Pavlov. To our best knowledge Bulgarian is the only language which have had two complete translation published at the same time.The Bakalov-translation is certainly published in 1910. The Blagoew-translation, printed in Sofia, has often been referred to as being printed in 1909 and has occasionally been referred to as the first translation of the two, solely because his foreword was proceeded by "August, 1909". That the book was actually printed in 1909 has, however, recently been disputed. Both translators were well aware of each other and perhaps Blagoew simply wrote "August 1909" to gain primacy in being the first to have a complete translation published: "I was not able to prove this, but this is either a typo (unlikely) or was Blagoev's way to acquire primacy over the other translation from 1910, that of Georgi Bakalov" (Panayotov, Capital without Value: The Soviet-Bulgarian Synthesis). Translator Dimitar Blagoev, the founder and leader of the Bulgarian Worker's Social Democratic Party became (or Narrow Socialists, or Tesniaki), became the the first Marxist propangandist in Bulgaria. About the present translation Blagoev said: "The translation was made from Russian, but we can rightly say that it came from Russian as well as from Russian German and French. We all had four Russian issuesbut the basis for this was the last Russian translation, which was edited by G. P. Struwe, as it came closest to the original. In all this, however, we had to compare, almost line by line, with the original of the last, fourth German edition of Friedrich Engels and the French translation, which was specially reviewed by Marx himself."Blagoev was also a prominent proponent of ideas for the establishment of a Balkan Federation, leading the Narrow Socialists into the Communist International in 1919, where the party changed its name to the Bulgarian Communist Party. However, during this period Blagoev and the party as a whole did not completely adopt Bolshevik's positions on the basic questions. This determined the party's policies during the Vladaya Soldiers' Rebellion of 1918 and the military coup of 9 June 1923 when the party adopted a position of neutrality. He was also an opponent of the failed September Uprising and thought that there were no ripe conditions for a revolution in Bulgaria yet.A partial translation by Blagoev (only 122 pp) was published in 1905 and is of the utmost scarcity. Georgi Bakalov published his translation from the German, in his hometown Stara Zagora. The publisher was The Liberal Club, which was a printshop rather than a proper publisher. He was also a member of Bulgarian Social Democratic Party as of 1891 and, likely much similar to many of the early Bulgarian socialists, was active in education and socalled 'uchitelsko delo' (teachers' affairs). In 1891-93 he studied in Geneva and quickly befriended Plekhanov, whom he translated in the 1890s.OCLC only list no copies of either translation. We know, however, that a copy of both translations are held in the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library (Bulgaria).

[Kapitalut:] Balchik, Izdanie na Krist'o Ivanov, 1905. [Speech On the Question of Free Trade:] Sofia 8vo. In contemporary red half calf. Extremities with wear. Previous owner's name in contemporary hand to upper part of both title-pages. Light browning throughout and a few occassional underlignings in text, mainly in "A speech on free trade". [Kapitalut:] XXXVIII, 122 pp. [Rech za.:] 27, (1). The exceedingly rare first partial Bulgarian translation of Marx's 'Das Kapital', heft. 1. Translator Dimitar Glagoev, who eventually in 1909-10 made the first complete translation was the founder and leader of the Bulgarian Worker's Social Democratic Party became (or Narrow Socialists, or Tesniaki), became the the first Marxist propangandist in Bulgaria. The present publication is presumably printed in very low number and are of the utmost scarcity" OCLC locate no institutional holdings (We know of one copy in the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library, Bulgaria) and no copy has been up for auction the past 50 years.Extradited in 1885 by the Russian government, Blagoev returned to Bulgaria, settled in Sofia and began to propagate socialist ideas. In July 1891 on the initiative of Blagoev, the social democratic circles of Tarnovo, Gabrovo, Sliven, Stara Zagora, Kazanluk and other cities united to form the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party (BSDP). The Marxist nucleus of the BSDP was opposed by a group, who were essentially opposed to making the social democratic movement into a party. In 1893 this group, led by Yanko Sakazov, founded a reformist organization, the Bulgarian Social Democratic Union. In 1894, Blagoev's supporters agreed to unite with the Unionists in the interests of working class unity and took the name Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party. Blagoev founder and became the leader of its left wing, which split from the BSDWP in 1903 to found the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists). Under his guidance the foundations of the class trade-union movement was laid in 1904. Blagoev was also a prominent proponent of ideas for the establishment of a Balkan Federation, leading the Narrow Socialists into the Communist International in 1919, where the party changed its name to the Bulgarian Communist Party. However, during this period Blagoev and the party as a whole did not completely adopt Bolshevik's positions on the basic questions. This determined the party's policies during the Vladaya Soldiers' Rebellion of 1918 and the military coup of 9 June 1923 when the party adopted a position of neutrality. He was also an opponent of the failed September Uprising and thought that there were no ripe conditions for a revolution in Bulgaria yet.From 1897 to 1923 Blagoev directed the publication of the party's theoretical organ, the journal "Novo Vreme", which published more than 500 of his articles. The first complete Bulgarian translation were published in 1909/1910.

First & Second editions. 1) Dimitar Blagoev (trans.). Ð Ð°Ð¿Ð Ñ Ð°Ð»Ñ Ñ Ñ : Ð Ñ Ð Ñ Ð ÐºÐ° на Ð Ð¾Ð»Ð Ñ Ð Ñ ÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð° Ð ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð Ñ . Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð Ñ Ñ Ð Ð / KapitalÅt: Kritika na Politicheskata Ekonomiya. TomÅ PÅrvi (Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Vol.1) [FIRST BULGARIAN EDITION]. Ð¡Ð¾Ñ Ð Ñ [Sofia]. Ð Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð Ð Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð° Ð¡Ð¾Ñ Ð Ð°Ð»Ð Ñ Ñ Ð Ñ ÐµÑ ÐºÐ° Ð Ð½Ð Ð Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð Ñ Ð° Ð Ð ÐµÑ Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð Ñ Ð° [The Party Socialist Bookstore and Printing House]. [ca. 1909]. First Bulgarian edition. Small quarto. 675pp. [1]. Period red buckram boards with gilt lettering, ruling and tooling on the front cover and spine. Decorative endpapers. The extremely scarce first Bulgarian edition of the first part of Karl Marx's seminal work Capital (Das Kapital), originally published in German in 1867. Eventually the work comprised three volumes, with the second and third parts published after Marx's death by his colleague Friedrich Engels. This edition was published by the bookstore of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (later the Bulgarian Communist Party) who's founder, leading Balkan Marxist Dimitar Blagoev (1856-1924), translated this edition. In 1905 Blagoev published a scarce partial translation of the work, but it wasn't until 4 year later that this full translation was released to the Bulgarian public. The date of August 1909 is given at the end of Blagoev's introduction, although the title page does not list a publication date. There is some debate as to weather this, or another edition translated by Bulgarian writer, historian and socialist Georgi Bakalov (1873-1939), with a title page listing the publication date as 1910, should be considered the first Bulgarian edition. However, given the earlier 1909 date in this introduction, and the fact that Blagoev was already translating the work four years earlier, suggests that this translation probably supersedes the other. As stated in this edition, this edition was based on the 1906 Russian edition. The text throughout contains copious scholarly footnotes. The front of the book contains a detailed table of contents and a page containing a small b/w photographic reproduction after a portrait of Karl Marx, immediately following the title page. It is believed that ultimately only the first volume of Das Kapital was translated by Blagoev, and not the others. Text in Bulgarian, in Cyrillic script. Binding with some rubbing and bumping to extremities, including the head and tail of the spine. Some light smudges, scratches and stains to the covers and spine, with gilt a bit rubbed. Interior with some sporadic light marginal notes and/or underlining in regular and red colored pencil to few pages throughout the text, as well as some sporadic minor smudges. Book block quite tight overall. Binding in good, interior in very good- condition overall. Extremely scarce. g to vg-. Hardcover. * Only one confirmed copy of this full translation in OCLC. 2) PorobiÄ , M. (MoÅ¡a Pijade) and R. Bosanac (Rodoljub Ä olakoviÄ ) (translators); Svetomir Lazarevic (ed.). Kapital. Kritika PolitiÄ ke Ekonomije. Proces Proizvodnje Kapitala [WITH] Prometni Proces Kapitala [SCARCE FIRST COMPLETE SERBO-CROATIAN TRANSLATION, BOTH THE FIRST AND SECOND VOLUMES]. Belgrade. Kosmos. 1933-1934. First Serbo-Croatian edition. Quarto. Vol.1: 837pp. [2]. Vol.2: 549pp. [2]. Blue-grey cloth boards with gilt and black lettering on the front covers and spines. A complete set of both the first and second volumes of Karl Marx's magnum opus "Kapital", here fully translated into Serbo-Croatian for the first time. Among the notable aspects of the these volumes is that the translation was done in collaboration between two major Communist political and cultural figures in Yugoslavian history, Marxist theorist MoÅ¡a Pijade (1890-1957) and writer and political activist Rodoljub Ä olakoviÄ (1900-1983), while serving in prison together as political dissidents. The second volume was translated by Pijade alone. Both men were seen as influential Yugoslavian Marxist figures, and both played prominent roles in the Yugoslav Partisan resistance to the Axis-powers' occupation during WWII. After the war and the reestablishment of Yugoslav governance, Pijade became a significant figure in politics and government and a close confidant of Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito, while Ä olakoviÄ became a prolific writer. These volumes were published by Kosmos, as the third and six parts (respectively) of their series of philosophical publications, and were the sole volumes to been printed with text in Roman script until 1940. At the time of publication, both MoÅ¡a Pijade and Rodoljub Ä olakoviÄ were still imprisoned, and so were credited under the pseudonyms of M. PorobiÄ and R. Bosanac respectively. The final pages of each volume contain an index, a table of contents and publisher's advertisements. Text throughout in Serbo-Croatian, in Roman script. Bindings with some bumping to corners and some minor to moderate rubbing to extremities, as well as some minor to light rubbing to the gilt. Vol.1 with some rubbing and tearing at the tail of the spine along the front hinge, as well as a few small abrasions to the back cover. Vol.1 with starting at the interior covers. Vol. 2 with starting at the interior front cover and p.550, and a signed inscription to the previous owner on the front free endpaper. Pages throughout both volumes with some minor to light age toning along the edges, as well as some very sporadic minor to light water stains, smudges and/or underlining in pencil. Bindings in good to very good- condition. Interior in good+ to very good- condition overall. Quite scarce. g to vg-. Hardcover. * The previously issued 1924 Serbian edition of Kapital was issued in Belgrade and was a translation of the widely and internationally circulated digest of the work done by Julian Borchardt (1868-1932). This 1933-1934 edition contains the first complete translation done by MoÅ¡a Pijade, and was seen as among a number of reasons for his arr.

Torino, Unione Tipografico-Editrice, 1886. Royal8vo. Bound uncut and largely unopened with the original printed wrappers in a very nice recent red half calf binding with marbled paper covered boards. Half-title and title-page browned. Published as "Biblioteca dell'Economista", Third Series, volume 9. An unusually fine copy. Il Capitale: 685 pp. [Entire volume: (4), 903, (1) pp.]. First full Italian translation of Marx' landmark work, constituting what is arguably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century. The work proved immensely influential in both communist and fascist circles. Antonio Gramsci, founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI), based much of his theoretical and practical work on the present translation of Marx' work and Ezra Pound read this Italian translation (which is among the most heavily marked annotated volumes in his personal library) and was horrified by the accounts of the exploitation of labor given by Marx which eventually grew into his sympathy for fascism and Mussolini's socialist roots. (Rainey, Textual Studies in the Cantos).The translation was done in nine installments beginning in 1882 but was not published until 1886. The translation, however, remained relatively unknown: "It was difficult in Italy during that period [late 19th century] to obtain Marx's works. With the exception of Cafiero's hard to find summary and some other summarizing pamphlets published by another Southern scholar, Pasquale Martiguetti of Benevent, those Italians who sought to consult Marx were forced (unless they could read the original German) to have recourse to the French translation of the first volume of 'Capital', published in 1875. True, in 1886 Boccardo had published in Biblioteca dell'Economista, an Italian translation of 'Capital', but this was inaccessible to those of modest means." (Piccone, Italian Marxism).The first edition of the work originally appeared in German in 1867, and only the first part of the work appeared in Marx' lifetime.Bert Andréas 154Einaudi (not numbered, between no. 3769 and 3770)Mattioli 2287 (a reprint from 1916).

Varna, 1900. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with four raised bands to spine. Extremities with wear. Frontboard missing parts of cloth. Two bands on spine missing some of the leather. Verso of front free end paper with notes in contemporary hand and previous owner's name to title-page of all three works. A few occassional marginal lignings in pencil, otherwise internally good and clean. [Predpostavkit na sotsializma i zadachitu.:] XII, 257, (1), XIV pp. [Marksovata Istoricheska Teoria:] 86, (2) pp. [Kapitalutu:] IV, (5)-284 pp. The exceedingly scarce first Bulgarian edition of the most important abridged version of Marx's Capital ever to have appeared, published five years before the first partial translation and whole 9 years before the first full Bulgarian translation. Translator Christian Rakovsky later became head of Soviet Ukraine and leader of the left opposition in the Soviet Union after 1928 was one of Trotsky's few intimate friends."The epitome, here translated, was published in Paris, in 1883, by Gabriel Deville, possibly the most brilliant writer among the French Marxians. It is the most successful attempt yet made to popularize Marx's scientific economics. It is by no means free from difficulties, for the subject is essentially a complex and difficult subject, but there are no difficulties that reasonable attention and patience will not enable the average reader to overcome. There is no attempt at originality. The very words in most cases are Marx's own words, and Capital is followed so closely that the first twenty-five chapters correspond in subject and treatment with the first twenty-five chapters of Capital. Chapter XXVI corresponds in the main with Chapter XXVI of Capital, but also contains portions of chapter XXX. The last three chapters-XXVII, XXVIII, and XXIX-correspond to the last three chapters-XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII-of Capital." (ROBERT RIVES LA MONTE, Intruductory Note to the 1899 English translation).Translator Christian Rakovsky dominated the socialist movement in the Balkans during the two decades before the first world war and was probably the most influential character in spread of socialism in Europe. Trotsky wrote of him: " Ch.G. Rakovsky is, internationally, one of the best known figures in the European Socialist movement" and G.D.H. Cole wrote in The Second International "No other Socialist spans the Balkans in the same way as Rakovsky, nor is there any of comparable importance."In 1913 Rakovsky was an organizer and leader of the Rumanian Socialist Party, which later joined the Communist International. The party was showing considerable growth. Rakovsky edited a daily paper, which he financed as well."He received his initial education at Kotel. At the age of fourteen in a period when (as he says in his Autobiography in this volume) "even the youngest students were passionately interested in politics", he was excluded from all Bulgarian schools after organizing a school riot which it took a company of soldiers to suppress. After a year in his father's house, "reading indiscriminately everything that came to hand", he was readmitted to school, only to be expelled again after a year, this time for good. The occasion this time was his collaboration with his friend and mentor, E. Dabev, one of the veterans of the Bulgarian revolutionary movement. Dabev (1864-1946) edited the first marxist weekly in Bulgaria in 1886. He published in it Marx's Wage Labour and Capital. In 1890, already a marxist, Rakovsky aided Dabev in preparing the publication of Engels's Development of Scientific Socialism, in particular in adapting Vera Zasulich's introduction to Bulgarian conditions. In this final year in school Rakovsky also produced with a friend a clandestine newspaper called Zerkalo ("Mirror"), which his Autobiography describes as having "something of everything: Rousseau's educational ideas, the struggle between rich and poor, the misdeeds of teachers, etc. ." He was now seventeen years old. That same year he left Bulgaria to study medicine in Geneva."In Geneva in 1892 Rakovsky began to edit and publish the Bulgarian journal Social Democrat which, not only in its title but also in its contents, resembled the Russian journal. Jointly with his companion Savva Balabanov, and with the active collaboration of Plekhanov, Rakovsky continued the journal for two years. Social Democrat grouped around itself in Bulgaria the supporters of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Union. This group opposed itself to the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party founded in 1891 by Dimitar Blagoev who led the left wing of the movement and later, in 1919, the Bulgarian Communist Party and made the full translation of Das Kapital in 1909. (Fagan, Biographical Introduction to Christian Rakovsky).OCLC list no copies.

Moscow, Izdanie Vladimira Bonch-Bruevicha, 1896. 8vo. In a later modest black half calf binding with marbled boards. Traces of stamp to verso of front and back board. Title-page slightly rubbed. Occassional underlignings in text and margins. Pp. 145-146 reinforced in margin. Otherwise a fine copy. XII, (4), (1)-160 pp. Exceedingly rare first Russian translation of this groundbreaking work, in which Marx first presents his revolutionizing theories of capitalism. The present work was to a large extent for years overshadowed by ?Das Kapital?, and despite being published 8 years earlier (The original being published in 1859, ?Das Kapital? in 1867), the present work was not being translated until ?Das Kapital? had made Marx a household name in socialist and revolutionary circles which makes the present translation comparatively early (the first English translation being from 1904).The Russian censorship cut Marx? preface in this first translation - the full text didn?t come out until the revolutionary decade of 1905-1917. This Manuilov/Rumiantsev-translation was remained the canonic-translation throughout the Soviet rule. The translation was made by Bolshevik revolutionary Petr Rumiantsev (1870-1924), who left the party in 1907 and emigrated in 1918, but the success of the present translation is primarily due to editor Manuilov. Editor Alexander Appolonovich Manuilov (1861-1929) was a Russian economist and politician, famous not only as one of the founding members of the Constitutional Democratic party (known as the Kadets), but also as the Russian translator of the present work. "Manuilov graduated from the law department of the University of Novorossiia (Odessa, 1883). He began scholarly and pedagogical work in political economy in 1888. In 1901 he became head of a subdepartment at Moscow University, becoming assistant rector in 1905 and serving as rector from 1908 to 1911. He was dismissed by the tsarist government for attacking the "extremes" of Stolypin's agrarian legislation. In the 1890's he was a liberal Narodnik (Populist), later becoming a Constitutional Democrat (Cadet) and a member of the Central Committee of the Cadet Party. Manuilov's draft on agrarian reform (1905) was the basis for the Cadets' agrarian program. V. I. Lenin sharply criticized Manuilov, calling him one of "the bourgeois liberal friends of the muzhik who desire the 'extension of peasant land ownership' but do not wish to offend the landlords" (Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 11, p. 126, note).At the beginning of his scholarly career Manuilov accepted the labor theory of value. In 1896 he translated K. Marx' work A Contribution to the Criticism of Political Economy (Zur Kritik der Politischen Oekonomie). During the years of reaction he espoused subjectivist and psychological views in political economy. In 1917 he was minister of education of the Provisional Government. After the October Revolution in 1917 he emigrated but soon returned and cooperated with Soviet power. He participated in the orthographic reform (1918). In 1924 he became a member of the board of Gosbank (State Bank). He taught in higher educational institutions. Changing to Marxist positions and relying on Lenin's works, he criticized the revisionists and neo-Narodniks on the agrarian question." (Encycl. Britt.). For many years, the exclusive focus on "Das Kapital" meant that the "Kritik" was overlooked. Since the beginning of the 1960's, however, scholars have become increasingly aware of its importance as the blueprint for the social and economic theory Marx shall go on to develop (see for example Raymond Aron, "Le Marxisme de Marx", 1962). It is here that Marx outlines the research programme to which he shall devote the rest of his working life. He himself described "Das Kapital" as a continuation of his "Zur Kritik der politischen Oekonomie" (see e.g. PMM 359), in which his primary concern is an examination of capital and in which he provides the theoretical foundation for his political conclusions later presented in "Das Kapital". "I examine the system of bourgeois economy in the following order: capital, landed property, wage-labour" the State, foreign trade, world market. The economic conditions of existence of the three great classes into which modern bourgeois society is divided are analysed under the first three headings the interconnection of the other three headings is self-evident. The first part of the first book, dealing with Capital, comprises the following chapters: 1. The commodity, 2. Money or simple circulation" 3. Capital in general. The present part consists of the first two chapters." (Preface to the present work, in the translation (by S.W. Ryazanskaya) of the Progress Publishers-edition, Moscow, 1977). Apart from the obvious importance of the work as the foundational precursor to what is probably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century, the "Kritik" is of the utmost importance in the history of political and economic thought, as it is here, in the preface, that Marx outlines his classic formulation of historical materialism. This preface contains the first connected account of what constitutes one of Marx's most important and influential theories, namely the economic interpretation of history - the idea that economic factors condition the politics and ideologies that are possible in a society. "The first work which I undertook to dispel the doubts assailing me was a critical re-examination of the Hegelian philosophy of law" the introduction to this work being published in the Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher issued in Paris in 1844. My inquiry led me to the conclusion that neither legal relations nor political forms could be comprehended whether by themselves or on the basis of a so-called general development of the human mind, but that on the contrary they originate in the material conditions of life, the totality of which Hegel, following the example of English and French thinkers of the eighteenth centu.

First edition of the second volume of Das Kapital. Only the first volume of Das Kapital was published in Marx's lifetime, in 1867. Following Marx's death in 1883, the second and third volumes were edited from Marx's manuscripts and seen through the press by Friedrich Engels, with the present second volume published in 1885, and the third volume in 1894. Together they form the most significant and influential critique of capitalism ever published, with Das Kapital becoming the bible of Marxist movements and governments in the following century. "The history of the twentieth century is Marx's legacy. Stalin, Mao, Che, Castro - the icons and monsters of the modern age have all presented themselves as his heirs. Whether he would recognise them as such is quite another matter. Nevertheless, within one hundred years of his death half the world's population was ruled by governments that professed Marxism to be their guiding faith. His ideas have transformed the study of economics, history, geography, sociology and literature. Not since Jesus Christ has an obscure pauper inspired such global devotion - or been so calamitously misinterpreted" (Francis Wheen, in his introduction to Karl Marx, 1999). Einaudi 3772; Mattioli 2284; Rubel 635; Sraffa 3867. Octavo (219 x 139 mm). Twentieth century blue cloth, spine lettered in gilt, red speckled edges. Binding rubbed, stamp of "The Adam Smith Class Library" on p. iii and 25, some leaves unopened, stain at fore edge encroaching into margin but not into text, 4 cm closed tear to pp. 301/2 just impinging on text and at head of 409-12 not affecting text, terminal imprint leaf chipped round extremities. A good copy.

Tokyo, Kaizosha, 1927-1928. Small4to. 5 volumes all in publisher's original full red cloth with gilt lettering to spine, all five volumes house the original slipcases. Free end-papers browned and only very light sporadic brownspots throughout. A very fine and clean copy. Rare first complete Japanese translation of Marx's 'Das Kapital'. In response to the Russian October Revolution young Marxists produced in rapid succession partial translations of Marx's works and secondary accounts of the same. Japanese translations of Marx's works were comparatively late compared to those in Europe. Japanse translations, however, did exercise a great influence in Asia and especially in China where several of the early translations were made from the Japanese. "Similarly, Takabatake Motoyuki, the first to produce a complete Japanese translation of the three volumes of 'Capital', created a system of Marxist national socialism. Asserting the "Marxism was originally statism", Takabatake cited Thomas Hobbes and other western state theorists to support the notion that the state preceded class society and would not wither away after a proletarian revolution. To guard against external threats and to organize economic activity at home - against the possibility of proletarian imperialism on the part of Soviet Russia, for eksample - a socialist Japan would require a powerful state" (Hoston, Marxism and the Crisis of Development in Prewar Japan).

8vo. XXIII, (1), 619, (5) pp. Untrimmed in publisher's brown printed wrappers. First Czech edition of Marx's "Das Kapital", edited by Lev Winter and translated by Theodor meral and Ludvík To ner. - Extremities somewhat rubbed, spine panel with vertical creases. Very rare; OCLC locates only three copies outside the Czech Republic (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Dt. Historisches Museum Berlin; Los Angeles Public Library), to which KVK adds a copy in the Austrian National Library. - OCLC 914729107.

Second, revised edition of the first volume of Marx's masterpiece of political economy, edited by the author from the first edition of 1867 and containing the first printing of his ten-page afterword. Only the first volume of this most influential of books was published in Marx's lifetime: the later two volumes were edited by Engels from the author's manuscript. Das Kapital was the summation of over twenty years research in the reading rooms of the British Museum, and followed on from his earlier work Zur Kritik der politischen Oekonomie, printed in 1859. Rubel 633. Octavo (197 x 131 mm). Modern coarse-grain dark brown morocco by K. H. Neumann, spine lettered in gilt, raised bands, original marbled free endpapers preserved, edges red. With modern coarse-grain dark brown morocco slipcase and chemise, both lined in patterned suede, slipcase lettered in gilt to spine, chemise lettered in gilt and with printed photographic strip to front cover. Tables in the text. Bound without half-title and terminal advertisement leaf. Contents washed, minor ink spots to 20.8; very light scuffing to slipcase and chemise: a very good copy.

Torino, Unione Tipografico-Editrice, 1886. Royal8vo. Bound in a contemporary half vellum binding with red and green title label to spine with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine, forming six compartments. In "Biblioteca dell'Economista", Third Series, volume 9. wear to extremities and light brownspotting throughout, especially to first and least leaves. e copy. Il Capitale: 685 pp. [Entire volume: (4), 903, (1) pp.]. First full Italian translation of Marx' landmark work, constituting what is arguably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century. The work proved immensely influential in both communist and fascist circles. Antonio Gramsci, founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI), based much of his theoretical and practical work on the present translation of Marx' work and Ezra Pound read this Italian translation (which is among the most heavily marked annotated volumes in his personal library) and was horrified by the accounts of the exploitation of labor given by Marx which eventually grew into his sympathy for fascism and Mussolini's socialist roots. (Rainey, Textual Studies in the Cantos).The translation was done in nine installments beginning in 1882 but was not published until 1886. The translation, however, remained relatively unknown: "It was difficult in Italy during that period [late 19th century] to obtain Marx's works. With the exception of Cafiero's hard to find summary and some other summarizing pamphlets published by another Southern scholar, Pasquale Martiguetti of Benevent, those Italians who sought to consult Marx were forced (unless they could read the original German) to have recourse to the French translation of the first volume of 'Capital', published in 1875. True, in 1886 Boccardo had published in Biblioteca dell'Economista, an Italian translation of 'Capital', but this was inaccessible to those of modest means." (Piccone, Italian Marxism).The first edition of the work originally appeared in German in 1867, and only the first part of the work appeared in Marx' lifetime.Bert Andréas 154Einaudi (not numbered, between no. 3769 and 3770)Mattioli 2287 (a reprint from 1916).

Hamburg: Otto Meissner, 1885. 8vo. Very nice contemporary black half calf with gilt spine. A bit of wear to extremitoes. Inner front hinge a little weak. Title-page a littel dusty, but otherwise very nice and clean. Book-plate (Arnold Heertje) to inside of front board. XXVII, (1), 526 pp. + 1 f. With pp. 515-16 in the first state ("Consumtionsfonds" with a C) and with the imprint-leaf at the end. Scarce first edition of the second volume of "The Capital", edited from Marx's manuscripts by Friedrich Engels and with a 20 pages long preface by Engels. The second volume constitutes a work in its own right and is also known under the subtitle "The Process of Circulation of Capital ". Although this work has often been to as referred to as "the forgotten book" of Capital or "the unknown volume", it was in fact also extremely influential and highly important - it is here that Marx introduces his "Schemes of Reproduction", here that he founds his particular macroeconomics, and here that he so famously distinguishes two "departments" of production: those producing means of production and those producing means of consumption - "This very division, as well as the analysis of the relations between these departments, is one of the enduring achievements of Marx's work." (Christopher J. Arthur and Geert Reuten : The Circulation of Capital. Essays on Volume Two of Marx's Capital. P. 7).The work is divided into three parts: The Metamorphoses of Capital and Their Circuits, The Turnover of Capital, The Reproduction and Circulation of the Aggregate Social Capital, and it is here that we find the main ideas behind the marketplace - how value and surplus-value are realized. Here, as opposed to volume 1 of "The Capital", the focus is on the money-owner and -lender, the wholesale-merchant, the trader and the entrepreneur, i.e. the "functioning capitalist", rather than worker and the industrialist. "[i]t was here, in the final part of this book [i.e. vol. II of Das Kapital], that Marx introduced his "Schemes of Reproduction", which influenced both Marxian and orthodox economics in the first decades of the twentieth century." (Arthur & Reuten p. 1).The first volume of "Das Kapital" was the only one to appear within Marx' life-time. It appeared 1867, followed by this second volume 18 years later, which Engels prepared from notes left by Karl Marx.

Yerûsalayim [Jerusalem], Sifriyyat Pôalîm, 1947 & 1954. Large8vo. Two volumes both in publisher's original printed cloth with the original dust-jackets. 763 pp." 516 pp.Vol. 1: A bit of misolocured to spine and front board. Front dust-jacket detached from the spine and back-part. Spine lacking a third of the paper. Very fragile.Vol. 2: Upper and lower part of spine miscoloured. Dust-jacket missing upper and lower part of spine. Both volumes internally very fine and clean. The very rare first complete Hebrew translation of Marx's Das Kapital. In the 1890ies numerous attempts at a Hebrew translation were made but not until Zevi Wislavsky's 1947-translation the Hebrew speaking world were able to read the full volume 1 of 'Das Kapital'.Marx, himself being of Jewish descent, was a proponent of antisemic idea and he argued that the modern commercialized world is the triumph of Judaism, a pseudo-religion whose god is money. Even in Das Kapital, he lets his anti-Semitism flourish: "The capitalist knows that all merchandise, no matter how ruinous it may seem or how bad it might smell, is by faith and in truth money, internally circumcised Jews". "He denigrated the Polish Jewish refugees in Germany as "the filthiest of all races" and in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, edited by himself, he accused the Jews of Poland of setting churches ablaze, burning villages and beating down defenseless Poles, when these were in fact the very things Polish Jews suffered at the hands of Christians." (Schvindlerman, Karl Marx, the Jews and capitalism)OCLC only locates two copies.

8vo. XXIII, (1), 619, (5) pp. Somewhat later full red cloth with giltstamped red spine label. First Czech edition, translated from the fourth German edition by Theodor Smeral and Ludvik To ner. Edited by Lev Winter. - Stamp of the "Akademický Feriální Klub" of Litovel (Littau) to title page. A good, unmarked copy. Rare: a single copy in America (Los Angeles Public Library); OCLC lists only two additional copies, both in German research libraries. - OCLC 21126356; 914729107.

48 pp. Original staple-stitched green printed wrappers. 8vo. Scarce Russian edition of Marx's article "Wage Labor and Capital", first published in Geneva in 1883 in Leo Deitsch's translation and here presented in an 1894 translation by one "B. K.". Originally printed in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung in 1849, Marx's article was one of his first attempts to analyze the flaws inherent to the capitalist market and the dangers of labor commodification. It is now seen as an important preparatory work to "Das Kapital" (1867). Also contains Engels's 1891 preface. The publisher, Georgi A. Kuklin (1880-1907), is a curious figure worthy of further study: having fled to London at the age of 21, he later founded his own progressive reading library in Geneva and published the series "Library of the Russian proletarian" as well as publishing a valuable bibliography of Russian revolutionary texts before his early death. - Wrappers lightly soiled; stamp of a Russian bookstore in Paris and a non-existing library (with duplicate stamp). - Of this edition, KVK, OCLC show the copies at the Swiss National Library, Bern, Zurich, UC London, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Glasgow University, and six copies in the United States.

Tit., 830 S., etw. spät. HLn., vord. Rckn.Gel. alt rest., NaV., tls. Anstr., tls. etw. stockfl. -- Ausgabe letzter Hand. - Mit Beigabe:- [ Wirtschaftswissenschaft Sozialismus J| 1872 N| Karl Marx ] --.