grin publishing dez 2017 (5 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Pre-University Paper from the year 2015 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, Ortenburg-Grammarschool Oberviechtach, language: English, abstract: ¿No Such Agency¿ ¿ the public often jokes that this is what NSA stands for because even its existence was kept top secret by the American government for a few years. President Harry Truman founded the National Security Agency (NSA) in 1952 after the USA had had success in creaking codes of the German and Japanese Army during World War II. The new agency was from then on responsible for decryption. Today, the two assignments of the NSA are Signals Intelligence and Information Assurance. Signals Intelligence, on the one hand, means the secret service has to supply the US government with ¿foreign intelligence [gathered] from communications and information systems¿, which can be helpful in preventing terrorism or in negotiations with other countries. Information Assurance, on the other hand, is the protection of Americäs state secrets. Together these two assignments make Network Warfare possible. Therefore, the overall purpose of this agency is helping America to achieve its political goals. Consequently, it also strengthens America's role as the world police.The public could only imagine how this secret service actually worked until Edward Snowden made several disclosures about measures of the NSA in 2013. These revelations provoked extensive debates on the whistle-blower himself, the programs of the NSA, their legal justification, Snowden¿s violations of law, the compatibility of surveillance and democracy, and on how this scandal affects the German-American relations especially because the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) is involved in the global monitoring, too.This paper provides insight into the 2013 NSA spying scandal by giving an overview of historical considerations, legal aspects and the general deliberation of how democracy and surveillance can be combined. Further, the impacts on tthe German-American relations are presented. For one, the BND is considered as 'the German NSA', and the effects and reactions to the evelations in the two countries are portrayed.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Literature Review from the year 2015 in the subject Engineering - General, Basics, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, course: Mineral Engineering, language: English, abstract: Atomic-scale resolution is needed to study the arrangement of atoms in materials and advancing their understanding. Since the seventeenth-century optical microscopes using visible light as illumination source have led our quest to observe microscopic species but the resolution attainable reached physical limits due to the much longer wavelength of visible light. After the discovery of wave nature associated with particle bodies, a new channel of thought opened considering much shorter wavelength of particles and their special properties when interacting with the sample under observation. These particles i.e. electrons, neutrons and ions were developed in different techniques and were used as illumination sources. Herein, the development of scanning tunneling microscopy which used electrons to uncover irregularities in the arrangement of atoms in thin materials via the quantum mechanical phenomenon of electron tunneling became a sensational invention. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a development over STM which relied on measuring the forces of contact between the sample and a scanning probe which overcame the earlier technique only allowing conductors or pretreated surfaces for conducting to be observed. Since measuring contact forces between materials is a more fundamental approach that is equally but more sensitive than measuring tunneling current flowing between them, atomic force microscopy has been able to image insulators as well as semiconductors and conductors with atomic resolution by substituting tunneling current with an atomic contact force sensing arrangement, a delicate cantilever, which can image conductors and insulators alike via mechanical 'touch' while running over surface atoms of the sample. AFM has seen a massive proliferation in hobbyist's lab in form of ambient-condition scanning environment as opposed to an ultra-high vacuum of sophisticated labs and self-assembled instrumentations. The success of ATM as a cost-effective imaging tool with dramatically increased ease of conceptual understanding and use particularly with the assistance of significant computing power in the form of personal computers which offsets the computational difficulty of resolving experimental information which makes up for physical simplicity of instrument design has seen its proliferation to numerous labs in universities and technology companies worldwide. 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Pre-University Paper from the year 2015 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, Ortenburg-Grammarschool Oberviechtach, language: English, abstract: 'No Such Agency' - the public often jokes that this is what NSA stands for because even its existence was kept top secret by the American government for a few years. President Harry Truman founded the National Security Agency (NSA) in 1952 after the USA had had success in creaking codes of the German and Japanese Army during World War II. The new agency was from then on responsible for decryption. Today, the two assignments of the NSA are Signals Intelligence and Information Assurance. Signals Intelligence, on the one hand, means the secret service has to supply the US government with 'foreign intelligence [gathered] from communications and information systems', which can be helpful in preventing terrorism or in negotiations with other countries. Information Assurance, on the other hand, is the protection of America's state secrets. Together these two assignments make Network Warfare possible. Therefore, the overall purpose of this agency is helping America to achieve its political goals. Consequently, it also strengthens America's role as the world police.The public could only imagine how this secret service actually worked until Edward Snowden made several disclosures about measures of the NSA in 2013. These revelations provoked extensive debates on the whistle-blower himself, the programs of the NSA, their legal justification, Snowden's violations of law, the compatibility of surveillance and democracy, and on how this scandal affects the German-American relations especially because the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) is involved in the global monitoring, too.This paper provides insight into the 2013 NSA spying scandal by giving an overview of historical considerations, legal aspects and the general deliberation of how democracy and surveillance can be combined. Further, the impacts on tthe German-American relations are presented. For one, the BND is considered as 'the German NSA', and the effects and reactions to the evelations in the two countries are portrayed. 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Document from the year 2017 in the subject Law - Civil / Private / Trade / Anti Trust Law / Business Law, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: The major problem associated with the regulation of transnational mergers, which affect several national markets, is the allocation of jurisdiction. Each country concerned may wish to exert jurisdiction and apply its national competition law to regulate the anti-competitive effects a merger may have in its territory. However, this approach may lead to risks of inconsistent decisions regarding the legality of mergers. Indeed, the national competition laws applied by the regulating authorities may diverge in several aspects, which raise the likelihood of inconsistency.The authors advocates the creation of an international merger control framework (IMCF) for the regulation of transnational mergers. This framework will rest on an informal and a formal pillar. The former includes non-legally binding competition principles. Consistency of these principles with the concepts of legitimacy and efficiency, as well as the presence of peer reviews and assistance programmes, should lower the risk of non-implementation. The formal pillar includes bilateral cooperation agreements which apply to merger affecting the countries which have concluded the agreements.As essential pre-condition for the application of bilateral agreements, the level of cooperation achieved by such agreements should be at least equal to that ensured by the informal pillar. The last part of the study addresses and examines the long and complex processes in merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions. M&A arbitration faces certain difficulties during the transaction. Such difficulties the author seeks to underline. Two main problems of arbitration in M&A transactions, particullarly, have been covered. Firstly, the problem of consent in consolidation of parallel proceedings during M&A transactions, and, secondly parties' consent that validate arbitration agreements/clauses in 'assignment' or 'succession' after M&A transactions have been completed. The author also tries to clarify the content of consent of parties to a transaction. Finally, a criticism of parallel proceedings is enhanced. 388 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Document from the year 2017 in the subject Law - Civil / Private / Trade / Anti Trust Law / Business Law, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: The major problem associated with the regulation of transnational mergers, which affect several national markets, is the allocation of jurisdiction. Each country concerned may wish to exert jurisdiction and apply its national competition law to regulate the anti-competitive effects a merger may have in its territory. However, this approach may lead to risks of inconsistent decisions regarding the legality of mergers. Indeed, the national competition laws applied by the regulating authorities may diverge in several aspects, which raise the likelihood of inconsistency.The authors advocates the creation of an international merger control framework (IMCF) for the regulation of transnational mergers. This framework will rest on an informal and a formal pillar. The former includes non-legally binding competition principles. Consistency of these principles with the concepts of legitimacy and efficiency, as well as the presence of peer reviews and assistance programmes, should lower the risk of non-implementation. The formal pillar includes bilateral cooperation agreements which apply to merger affecting the countries which have concluded the agreements.As essential pre-condition for the application of bilateral agreements, the level of cooperation achieved by such agreements should be at least equal to that ensured by the informal pillar. The last part of the study addresses and examines the long and complex processes in merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions. M&A arbitration faces certain difficulties during the transaction. Such difficulties the author seeks to underline. Two main problems of arbitration in M&A transactions, particullarly, have been covered. Firstly, the problem of consent in consolidation of parallel proceedings during M&A transactions, and, secondly parties' consent that validate arbitration agreements/clauses in ¿assignment¿ or ¿succession¿ after M&A transactions have been completed. The author also tries to clarify the content of consent of parties to a transaction. Finally, a criticism of parallel proceedings is enhanced.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 388 pp. Englisch.