lap lambert academic publishing aug 2010 (Mehr als 1.800 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This study, which focuses on the nuclear- weapons issue in the Near Eastern context, highlights the strategic, military and political nature of Israel''s nuclear-weapons project. Its position on acquisition of nuclear weapons, though ambiguous in its initial stages in the later part of the 1950s and the 1960s, became increasingly less ambiguous. Strategic, military and political reasons were behind the change in such a position which, in the course of time, developed into a policy. After providing a short account of the views of a few Israeli politicians and analysts on Israel''s development of nuclear weapons, discussion is conducted of the internal, regional and international factors for the weakness of nuclear deterrence in the Near East, where is currently the only state in possession of such weapons. The study concludes that a denuclearized Middle East and a just political settlement of the Palestinian-Arab- Israeli conflict would guarantee peace, security and hope for the peoples of this conflict-torn region.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 116 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The Blessing of Survival follows the reintegration and rehabilitation processes of seven young mothers who were all abducted by the Lord''s Resistance Army and abused and impregnated in their captivity. This book analyses the challenges the young mothers faced and the opportunities they grasped in their struggle to establish new social bonds and to become acquainted with the cognitive and structural elements in their new found societies. The author analyses their reintegration and rehabilitation from both a structural as an actor oriented angle and as such he is able to pinpoint the exact factors which hampered and helped them with their struggle to reinsert themselves in communities which are partially alien to them, taking into account their roles as mothers, their past experiences, the character of the society they are inserted to and the conscious and unconscious strategies they applied to live more comfortably in their communities. The title was chosen because all the young woman considered it a blessing that they are still alive, although they all survived their captivity by very narrow margins.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -As in other developing countries, Colombia has underwent an intense process of market oriented reforms at the beginning of the 1990s. This study analyses the extent to which income distribution and poverty changes in Colombian urban areas between 1990 and 2004 may be explained by gender dynamics in the labour market. For this purpose, the authors use household surveys microdata in order to perform a microsimulations analysis, following the methodology proposed by de Reis and Paes de Barros (1991). As a main conclusion, it is found that if labour market conditions of 1990 had prevailed in 2004, there would be a deterioration of poverty, income distribution and gender labour income inequality. In addition, it is observed that poverty headcount ratio diminished between 1990 and 2004 in urban Colombia but the number of men and women living with incomes below the poverty line grew up during this period.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Europeanization as a crucial instrument for the democratization process in the target countries, requires gradual compliance with the EU membership conditions in that conditional positive incentives (ultimately the EU membership) in return are offered as rewards. Provoked by the conflicts at domestic level, the current setbacks in Europeanization processes of several countries (here is Turkey and Serbia), however, put a query on the effectiveness of conditionality strategy. This study seeks to answer a highly related question to this debate: Does candidate status matters And to what extent it matters Unpacking the relationship between the Europeanization and the conditionality, the author argues that it is less the candidate/membership status per se that matters but rather unfavourable domestic factors that account for the limited impact of transformative power of EU and for low level of compliance in Turkey and Serbia. The empirical analysis of two cases reveals that credible accession conditionality is only a necessary but not a sufficient condition of EU success in promoting the reform process.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Both France and Texas want to be at the center of the emerging Knowledge Economy. Building infrastructure for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is usually isolated in specific regions of global settings. This scenario applies in two case studies, The French Grand Plan for Digital Education and the Texas Long Range Technology Plan. The educational technology plans for the US are contrasted with those of the EU. Both plans aim at advancing the Knowledge Triangle through investment in education, research and innovation.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 60 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The form of production relations found in any society is fundamentally determined by who is the proprietor of the means of production.upon this lay the the decisive factors upon which definite political, juridical, ideological and institutional realities within any given society are established. Paradoxically, exploitation is inevitable and can easily be discerned in the rules, processes and institutional framework that administer the production and distribution process, which were instituted by the proprietors to safeguard their interests.The emergence and dynamics of IMF validate this theory. In pursuance of her interests, the United States led the economic negotiations that necessitated the emergence of IMF, its rules, structure, power relations and programmes or tranche. These were manipulated both in character and implementation to foster America''s economic interest and consolidate her dominance. this book therefore focuses is on the political economy of IMF with a view to explicate it''s nuances and implications/consequences.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Information Technology has brought about a change in the ways people carry out various activities whether at workplace or at home. The new generation is net savvy and prefers working on Internet much more as compared to any outdoor activities. This has affected the business operations. The advertisement industry is also influenced by such a change and global marketers need to understand the influence of culture on advertising, Companies now prefer advertising on internet as larger section of society is accessing it at regular intervals. The advertisements are also affected by the cultural values of the country. This book highlights the role of Cross Cultural issues on Internet advertising. In this context this book compares the perception of Iran with American Internet Users to find out the different aspects involved.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -There has been a growing body of literature examining the role that the tourism industry plays on the lives of women employees. These studies have tended to focus on women in Western countries and developing countries. Both positive and negative aspects of tourism employment have been addressed. However, there has been relatively little attention paid to the employment of Muslim women in the tourism industry in the Middle East, North Africa or the Arabian Peninsula. Therefore, this book will help to bridge this gap in the literature in understanding the experiences and meanings of tourism employment for Muslim women, including the positive and negative aspects of this form of employment. Theoretical analysis of the study provides new ways to understand the potential role of tourism employment for women in Muslim societies, which includes exploitation versus empowerment, resistance and social change. Hence, the book provides a stepping-stone towards understanding the changing role of Muslim women, and should be especially useful for academic professionals and tourism policy makers, or anyone else who may be interested in the area of Muslim women and tourism employment studies.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Livestock production is an important tool for rural development especially in the developing Countries. Here, the past two decades have witnessed dynamics in demand structure, climate, and demographic characteristics, with fast growth in the demand for livestock products and an increased dependence on livestock for sustainable livelihood systems. In response to these changes, there has been rapid land use and land cover changes, characterized by expansion of agricultural systems and decline in farm sizes, causing environmental degradation in several rural areas. The dilemma remains is to have a trade-off between meeting the expanding demand for livestock products and sustainable utilization of the limited stock of natural resources. This book draws key policy implications for sustainable livestock production, pointing towards incentives for intensification, institutional reforms, improving livestock productivity, and innovations that enhance the synergies between livestock production and the environment. These, can help to enhance livestock production as a key tool towards achievement of sustainable development and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In-line with the rapid development of hi- technology, unauthorized uses of credit cards have also been mushrooming. Criminals no longer use 'low-tech' type of crimes such as shoulder sneaking or dumpster diving to ultimately make an unauthorized use of our plastic cards. This condition has put us, the cardholders, in a 'danger' position. If an unauthorized use of credit card occurs, who will be liable for the losses The Bank, the cardholder or the merchant How do the laws rule this situation This book discusses the liability regimes for losses resulting from unauthorized uses of credit cards specifically in case of carding in the three different jurisdictions: the US, the EU, and Australia. The goals are to have a comparative and comprehensive analysis on how those three different legal frameworks regulate liability for the losses, what are the flaws of each law and how to improve the frameworks, strengthening the consumer protection provisions and putting the regulation in more balance manners. It will be very useful for banking practitioners, lawyers or legal advisors, students as well as teachers, and all readers who use credit cards as a payment method.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The mortgage system has been used for many years in many countries of the world. Although the system has undergone many changes over the passing years, the basics remain the same. So, it can be thought that the earlier systems form the basis of today''s mortgage system even though it represents some differences in practice among the countries. However, this system is very new for Turkish financial market as compared with developed countries. The aim of this study is estimating the default and prepayment risk of mortgage contract and pricing the contract in emerging markets like Turkey. In this study, a classical option pricing technique based on Cox, Ingersoll and Ross is used in order to evaluate Turkish fixed-rate mortgages. The model evaluates the embedded options, namely prepayment and default options, and the future payments which corresponds to the mortgage monthly payments. Another aim of this study is the pricing of mortgage insurance policy which has not been used yet in Turkish mortgage market but thought as potential derivative in this market. Therefore, the model used in the study also provides values for mortgage insurance policy.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 120 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Motivation is one of the key stones for every successful company. Companies are annually spending thousands of dollars in order to keep their employees happy and satisfied. For employers content employee means healthy and prosperous firm where employees are the most valuable company''s equity. Finding and exploring different motivation techniques can significantly assist managers in every day work. This book has been written as a real case, but any company using this book as motivation tool for their employees will benefit from it.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 72 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In July 2007, eight Norwegian municipalities invested in complex financial instruments sold by Citigroup through Terra Securities. All eight municipalities were hydro electric power producers and a considerable amount of their tax income was based on concession fees from electricity. To stabilize the volatile income from the energy market, the municipalities sold the future electricity production and invested the present value in the international financial markets. Narvik Kommune, one of the eight municipalities, invested in a Tender Option Bond (TOB) using a Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) as collateral. Only four months after the initial investment, Citigroup liquidated the investment creating a realized loss of 90%. The analysis of the TOB and the CDO structure shows that the reason for the sudden drop in the investment value was related to the loss of correlation between taxable and tax-free interest rates causing the hedges to break. In addition, the mark-to-market valuation guidelines created by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) did not offer clear guidance for how to valuate illiquid securities such as the TOB and the CDO.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -A woman in Sub-Saharan Africa has a one in 16 chance of dying in pregnancy or childbirth. Causes of maternal deaths include; haemorrhage, infection, obstructed labour, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and complications of unsafe abortions. Severe parasitic infections during pregnancy contribute significantly to the degree of anaemia in pregnant women. This increases the risk of increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Control of parasitic infections before or during pregnancy, particularly malaria and intestinal helminths, will improve health outcomes in pregnancy for both the mother and child. This book describes the findings of a study conducted on parasite distribution in pregnant women in a district in Ghana and the effect on maternal haemoglobin levels. Moreover, It provides a discussion on the significance and relevance of these findings to public health. The book is suitable for pregnant women visiting or living in Africa. Students, academics and researchers into tropical medicines will also find it useful. It is also resourceful for NGOs and other organizations working in the area of maternal and child health in AfricaBooks on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Governments all over the world are revising their currency frequently to protect their citizens from counterfeits. In the past decade, counterfeiting has become an issue. With the availability of advanced technology in the form of new software, scanners with high resolutions, printers and other gadgets that can be purchased at very low prices have caused a world wide increase in counterfeit money production. The technologies in this era have made it easier for counterfeiters to duplicate the modern currency in terms of design and images to be imprinted on it. There are two things which are important in any transaction involving money. Firstly, the transaction should not take too much of your time and secondly, the person receiving the money must be confident that he/she only receives authentic notes.The main aim of this research is to enlighten people on the consequences of counterfeiting and to share the procedures in detecting the fake notes. This will not only aid to the preservation of the privilege but also the ability to enjoy the five senses of a human being. It is achieved through spending money in the right way with the help of polymer technology.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Nowadays we observe the tremendous growth of the number of websites on the Internet and the increasing complexity of website structure and features. This affects the requirements we set for the organization and presentation of information on Web resources. In this thesis, an ontology-based approach to designing information architecture of websites has been proposed. The approach harnesses the expertise of information architects in designing high quality websites as well as the new conception of defining machine-processable semantics of information resources using ontologies, which was formulated by the Semantic Web. The approach empowers Web developers with the methodology and instruments for conceptual modeling of the user aspects, information structure, navigation, and layout of Web resources as well as the mechanisms for automatic generation of websites based on the created models.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book is a comprehensive effort to quantify and characterize the influence of multilayer interlocked woven structure on the preform properties, resin impregnation behavior and low velocity impact properties of composites. A total of nine different multilayer interlocked woven fabrics consisting of 2-ply and 3-ply structures with different interlacement patterns have been developed for the present study. The structures of these multilayer fabrics were characterized using 'Interlacement index'. Influence of fabric structure in terms of interlacement index on the preform properties relevant for resin transfer moulding (RTM) of composite manufacture, such as compression, permeability and tensile behaviour have been incorporated. Resin flow through the porous reinforcement inside the moulds during RTM process was simulated using the permeability properties of these multilayer fabrics. Single-phase (resin only) and Multiphase (air and resin) flow models were developed for the simulation using CFD-Fluent software. Studies on the influence of interlacement in the multilayer fabrics on the low velocity impact properties of the composites reinforced with them have been carried out.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Materials which are both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric like yttrium manganite have interesting features and applications as non-volatile memory devices. In this book different properties of Yttrium Manganite is investigated using first principle calculation on cubic and Hexagonal structures. Electronic structures, phonon modes and structural stabilities are one of the properties that has been discussed. DFT calculations of such strongly correlated materials shows metallic ground state though they are insulators. In order to correct this we implement Generalized Gradiednt Approximation (GGA) plus Hubbard U correction to density functional theory found interesting results. All the results in this book were done using electronic structure simulation code, Quantum Espresso (QE).Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In the wake of liberalization and globalization of the markets, pesticide residues in food assume importance with special reference to codex and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. The present study was envisaged to monitor the organochlorine pesticide residue levels in meat of lamb and buffalo and in human blood samples and to ascertain a realistic exposure. Study concluded that the levels of organochlorine pesticides in buffalo and lamb meat in Punjab, India were far below national Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and is safe for consumption. However, one buffalo meat sample exceeded MRLs for lindane and six lamb samples exceeded MRLs for endosulphan sulphate set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Analysis of 50 human serum samples each from Ludhiana and Nepal revealed that pesticide residues occurred with a frequency of 96 and 94 per cent, respectively. The levels were higher in Nepali population probably due to the fact that they were residing near a dumping warehouse of obsolete pesticides for the last more than 30 years. The book will be particularly useful to persons who are engaged in research work on impact of agrochemicals to environment and human health.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In this thesis, a novel algorithm was invented to detect and extract the foreground from background of stereo pair of images. In this way, an attempt can be made, using this technique towards data compression of 3D TV. This automatic extraction is achieved using motion detection and region segmentation techniques. The problems in this process were identification of foreground from its background, performing automatic segmentation without user interaction, distance of camera from the foreground, different foreground objects in same plane and number of objects in stereo images. In the proposed technique, pyramidal Lucas Kande technique is used to detect the most noticeable motion in the pairs of stereo images. The object with such type of motion will be detected as foreground. Its boundary points will be detected and provided to Grab Cut algorithm for effective extraction of foreground. Results of this approach will confirm our successful attempts towards data compression for the new world of 3D TV.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book examines the relationship between immunization status of children and religion before and after controlling for other factors such as maternal education in Ethiopia, a country characterized by highest mortality and morbidity rates in the world. Using data from the nationally representative 2000 Demographic and Health Survey, the bivariate results indicated that there are substantial differences in child immunization by maternal religion. More children born to traditional mothers are significantly less likely to receive full immunization coverage than children born to mothers professing Orthodox religion and other religions. The social mechanism that explains this huge disparity is that traditional mothers may be attributable to the traditional spiritual explanation of events, including diseases, and do not believe in the prevention of child-killer diseases. Further, significant variation in receiving complete immunization is observed with mother''s level of education, and place of residence (rural/urban).Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The report attempts to examine the potential of biometric-based payment method in retail transactions. Recent studies show consumers'' acceptance to new methods of payment and a need for innovation. Biometrics industry is experiencing a steady growth and is becoming more technologically advanced, the cost of fingerprint-enabled devices is dropping. Therefore, the report gives insights into the business and technical aspects related to the successful development and implementation of biometric payment solutions on the market. The report provides an extensive market research of the biometric industry and further provides details of the size of the financial sector of biometric market and its forecasts, the analysis of competitors and SWOT analysis. The project focuses on fingerprint based payment as most mature form of biometric identification. The technology chapter gives an in-depth analysis of factors such as security, accuracy, technology requirements and deployment of the system. The report contains a detailed description of the payment process starting from the biometric data capture through their verification with the samples stored in database, to bank account approval.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -For determining a language's morphological specialties, it is needed to generate a corpus that represents the language. If there is a large scale Turkish corpus that involves all specialties of the language, some statistical properties of the Turkish language depending on the words can also be investigated. In this book, how must a large scale, comprehensive, understandable, easily used Turkish corpus be generated and determining an appropriate method to generate it, and also determining an efficient method to determine stem, root and suffixes of the words that are used to form this corpus are explained. This book is written to guide the researchers who work in the Natural Language Processing area and specially on generating large scale corpus.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 72 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book presents an experimental investigation of the positive corona under the combined voltage (DC + AC). The dependence of the repetition rate of streamers on DC voltage, AC voltage amplitude and frequency, airflow rate, preionization level, diameter of the point electrode and on the concentration of some electronegative admixtures are recorded. As a result of the present work, a mock-up of a three-gap computer-linked detector of electronegative trace gases is built. The methodology is developed for optimization of parameters of detector such as amplitude and frequency of the AC voltage, DC voltage, airflow rate and preionization level.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -While West African region has one of the lowest per capita consumptions as far as energy is concerned. On the other hand, the energy-GDP ratio of most of the countries in the region is higher than those of developed nations. This book examined various patterns of energy consumption, identified the sources of energy wastage, and assessed the effectiveness of the strategies that were employed to reduce or eliminate energy waste in food and beverage companies in Nigeria. This was with a view to recommending policy measures that would enhance the effective electrical energy savings in food companies of third world economies. This work is useful for food industry (production and processing departments) especially those in developing countries to review their equipments, conduct energy audit, ensure energy use efficiency and reduce cost spent on energy. Also the work will aid in further research efforts.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Optimal load dispatch in deregulated electricity environment (DEE) takes into account hourly changing spot price (SP) of electricity as well as cost of power transmission. DEE allows an industrial plant manager to buy its deficit power or sell any surplus power. If load demand (LD) is greater than plant capacity then difference in power has to be bought. In addition, more power can be bought if spot price is low and own generation can be reduced or stopped all together. If load demand is less than plant capacity then it is possible to sell surplus power at high spot price. However, if spot price is low in this case then own generation can be decreased or even stopped and cheap electricity can be bought form deregulated market. In this book it is shown that, under certain conditions, there is a considerable saving when electricity is traded at power exchange (PX) as compared to fixed cost electricity purchase. Furthermore, it is concluded that severe power shortage in Pakistan can be reduced by utilizing spare capacity of industrial power plants.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 72 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The laws of mechanics of stationary black holes bear a close resemblance with the laws of thermodynamics. This is not only a mathematical analogy but also a physical one that helps us answer deep questions related to the thermodynamic properties of the black holes. It turns out that we can define an entropy which is purely geometrical for black holes. In this thesis we explain Wald''s formulation which identifies black hole entropy for an arbitrary covariant theory of gravity. We would like to know precisely what inputs go into arriving at Wald''s formalism. This expression for the entropy clearly depends on the precise form of the action. The secondary theme of this thesis is to distinguish thermodynamic laws which are kinematic from those which are dynamical. We would like to see explicitly in the derivation of these laws, where exactly the form of action plays a role. In the beginning we motivate the definition of entropy using the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian. We encounter the Zeroth law, the Hawking radiation, the second law, and then Wald''s formulation.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Objective is to modify the surface of aluminum workpiece by electro discharge machining (EDM) process using TiC/Cu green compact tool electrode. Surface modification by EDM process is a newly invented, fairly cheap and very competitive technique as compared to other surface modification techniques, such as Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and so on. By using ordinary EDM machine tool and dielectric, a very hard layer of the desired material can be created successfully. Powder metallurgy (P/M) green compact or semi-sintered tool electrodes are used to create hard layer(s) on the work surface by transferring the constituent materials of the tool electrode on it in the form of a deposited layer which will enhanced mechanical and tribological properties, and surface integrity. The resulting coated surfaces have higher hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and less cracks. Box-Behnken approach of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) used to investigate the effects of the various process parameters. Using the powder metallurgy green compact TiC/Cu tool electrode, a hard layer of 2325 HV has been created about 60 ¿ layer thickness.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The main objectives of this article are to assess the linkages and impact of participatory initiative of JFM Programme on Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (SRL) across socio-economic group of forest fringe communities based on micro-level study of four sample FPCs ¿ one female FPC and three joint FPCs - under Midnapore and Bankura districts in West Bengal. The underlying hypothesis of this study is that sustainable rural livelihoods linked under participatory programme in forest management for the households near the forests are the most significant force behind the sustainability of forest resource. The results that emerge from this study suggest that the JFM Progrmme under the sample FPCs/Villages in West Bengal is participatory. With regard to the SRL framework is concerned, strong sustainability criteria meets for all very poor and poor categories of households, which live below poverty line and that are almost dependent on forest resource for their livelihood security in all sample FPCs/villages.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.