lap lambert academic publishing jan 2012 (Mehr als 3.100 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The main purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate teachers¿ beliefs towards grammar teaching and their practices when teaching grammar in EFL classrooms. It aimed to collect evidence of their instructional practices and examine the relationships between their thoughts and actions. Furthermore, it attempted to stand on the probable contextual factors that influence the transformation of beliefs into practice. All the teachers involved in this study were Arabs, teaching English language in government preparatory schools in Sharjah. In the first stage of the study, 46 in-service teachers were invited to fill in a self-report questionnaire to elicit their beliefs and classroom practices regarding grammar teaching. In the second stage, two semi structured interviews were conducted with these teachers to gain deeper understanding of their personal opinions, beliefs and perspectives. The findings revealed that teachers undeniably have a set of multifaceted beliefs regarding the eight beliefs dimensions under study including the grammar role in learning, grammar approaches, grammar practising, error treatment, the use of grammatical terminology and students' first language.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The term money laundering brings to our mind those nefarious activities of criminals who provide an envelope to slush funds in order to exhibit those as genuine money. As per an estimate of the IMF, the aggregate size of money laundering in the world could be somewhere between two and five percent of the world s GDP. Money-laundering has acquired a global character that not only threatens security, but also compromises the stability, transparency, and efficiency of financial systems. Money-laundering techniques are becoming more sophisticated and complex with each passing day. Across the world, financial institutions such as banks, insurers, and securities are usually considered in the front line in the war against illicit money movements. Therefore, they are required to introduce and implement systems to prevent such anti-social elements from using banking channels for money laundering. As part of this process Ethiopia has promulgated a law against money laundering and this book has made an in-depth analysis of the laws in this perspective vis-a-vis international tenets. 132 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -While connections between the femme fatale in film noir and 1930s hard-boiled fiction exist, noir critics have claimed that the femme fatale has historical specificity to postwar America. Andrew S. Wiecek summarizes criticism on the femme fatale in film noir and proceeds to underscore the significant contributions to made by the hard-boiled tradition to noir. He believes that these contributions point to a pre-war male anxiety about female independence that he traces to the economic instability of the Great Depression. From this pre-war anxiety came the femme fatale of hard-boiled fiction. Using the James M. Cain¿s 'The Postman Always Rings Twice' and 'Double Indemnity,' the author shows how the femme fatales in these novels are identical to their film noir counterparts. Furthermore, he discusses the difference between popular fiction and hard-boiled fiction, contrasting Cain¿s novels with Sinclair Lewis¿ Ann Vickers. In the end, he concludes that noir critics have not adequately taken into account the history of American working women and have privileged the historical weight of film over literature.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Akira Kurosawa is one of the defining filmmakers of the twentieth century. This book analyses some of his more celebrated films, including 'Kagemusha' (1980,) 'Rashomon' (1950,) 'Seven Samurai' (1954,) and 'Yojimbo' (1961,) whilst also analyzing a selection of his other movies such as 'Rhapsody in August' (1991.) Specific emphasis is placed on Akira Kurosawa's representation of women;- his rendition of samurai culture, and his perspectives on war in his motion pictures. This dissertation also cross-references his films with various, popular mainstream films.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 116 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The year 2010 marked the first Somali generation of exiled families caught in protracted situations, without hope for resettlement, repatriation or local integration. To be a protracted refugee is considered to be the most desolate situation a refugee could face any where in the world.To reside in the world's largest refugee camp,for years on end is likened to a jail that is open on top,but closed on all sides. The quest of this research was to explore the subject of human rights dimension of protracted refugee situations.Its impact and possible alternatives to the problem. Munene demonstrates in her research,that rights remained unfulfilled in the camp,and if granted or claimed by the refugees,it is a result of negotiation among key parties to the problem. The author aims to provoke more discussion,in depth analysis and robust action for the benefit of refugees in the world. Another objective is to enrich academicians work in the refugee and human rights discipline, policy makers, humanitarian professionals working with refugees, Governments in Africa struggling with protracted refugees and organizations or individuals with an interest to resolve this dilemma for the better.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The first twenty years of independence in Zimbabwe saw the political landscape being dominated by political parties that had emerged from the bitter struggles and the liberation of the country from domination that come with colonialism in 1890. What emerged was the desire by those political parties in charge of state apparatus to dominate not only instruments of the state but other political forces. The first decade of independence was characterised by the use of violence as political parties jostled for political dominance. This struggle culminated in victory for the dominant ruling party ZANU which through coercive tactics and political dexterity swallowed the main opposition party ZAPU thus virtually silencing other opposition elements. The second decade of independence saw ZANU PF¿s domination challenged by political parties riding on the wave of a nascent democratization movement and a mission to end the populaces¿ economic disenchantment that emanated from the governments decision to adopt the neo-liberal philosophy and structural adjustment.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 92 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -After the collapse of communism in the countries of the Visegrad Region (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), a difficult task to transform their centrally planned economies to market economies arose. Creation of own stock markets was part of the transition process. Nowadays, after almost two decades from their establishment, these stock exchanges all operate in somewhat different way and hold different position within their home economies. Hence, the aim of this book is to compare these exchanges in comprehensible analysis. Throughout the book we shall not merely look at the exchanges¿ performance as at some ''black box¿, but the market microstructure attributes of these markets will be presented and discussed as well. The information provided herein may serve as a starting point for a more profound study of these markets, their interdependence, and integration. The understanding of the differences and common attributes of stock markets within one region might be beneficial not only for economists, but for regulators and policy making authorities as well.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Over the last few years informal saving groups have been constantly increasing. Not only poor but people that are relatively well off have opted to participate in such groups. Why is this so This book answers the question and put forward the issues and possibilities if these informal saving groups have what it takes to replace a bank's saving account. This book studies rosca (rotating, saving and credit associations), an informal self help saving group mostly formed by poor around the world, especially in Africa and Asia, to save their money. This is an effective saving group that is very popular in developing countries. People gather daily, weekly or monthly to contribute some amount of money and then the accumulated money is given to one of the member. This process continues until all the members receive the accumulated sum. After that, the chain is broken. A good amount of work on rosca is done in the past, by many people around the world. This paper however, proposes a new hypothesis, one that has never been taken before, which is that roscas can replace a bank¿s saving account.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 60 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This work is about developing and implementing a new business model for technical pre-sales support services in order to improve the case company¿s competitive advantage in a diverse business landscape. The need for the new business model arises from the different business prospects discovered by the sales and marketing of the case company. The case company has already developed its business model to serve its key customers, but the model is not completely suitable for goods-dominant business opportunities. Goods-dominant business generate significant share of the company's turnover. Thus, a parallel business model is needed to perform better and gain market share in both businesses. The suggested new business model consists of a new customer value proposition, a profit formula,required resources, and new processes.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Being a successful leader requires building strong relationships with subordinates and colleagues, and trust is always a central figure of a functioning relationship. Trust is the glue that keeps relationships together through challenging times and it is the lubricant that gets rid of unnecessary transactional costs and the need for subordinates to protect themselves and their positions. Trust between superior and subordinate enables both parties to perform at their highest level and even overachieve on their tasks and goals. It is essential for organizations at transformative state to maintain the trust relationship between superiors and subordinates. This qualitative study explains how the interactions between superior and subordinate affect the trust relationship and how this can be utilized in business environments. This book gives an insight to the question: How to make subordinates trust you Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The book attempts to demonstrate the socio-economic impact of the afforestation project on the displaced local people and the adverse implication on the afforested resource in Ethiopia. The book clearly show impoverishment disaster encountered the local community resulted from both the dislocation process and the management approach employed by the project. The study also signifies the negative impact of the protectionist approach on the afforested resource.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The attainment and sustenance of quality edge by business organizations depend solely on the practices of TQM. Whereas some business practices create quality gaps, it is the primary aim of every business, be it service or manufacturing, to strive and grow. The research describes clearly and precisely the state of quality practices in a business school library. Areas of concern in the evaluation include: the people aspects, facilities, information technology application aspects and the governing body of the library. Some quality gaps were identified in the study and the researcher offered suggestions for correcting the deficiencies. The researcher recommends best practices for the UGBS Library through benchmarking superior business libraries. The evaluation will help students, researchers and practitioners interested in TQM to add value to their knowledge.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 120 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Present study was conducted in District Gujrat to investigate the impact of the microcredit scheme of Punjab Rural Support Program (PRSP) on women¿s empowerment. Researches throughout the developing world have highlighted the impact of microcredit programs on women¿s empowerment. This research was divided into three main sections. First section deals with the status of women at housed level before taking microcredit while second and third sections deal with the impact of microcredit in raising women¿s awareness and women¿s empowerment after taking microcredit. In the second section information was analyzed that whether microcredit increased the awareness among women regarding their status, legal rights and importance of say at household level. In the last section a situational analysis of the women after taking microcredit is presented. The data analysis has shown that there is a positive impact of microcredit program introduced by PRSP in the rural Gujrat on women¿s empowerment.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book enters into the dicussion concerning energy service development in developing countries in the years to come. How can the current problem om energy poverty be overcommed without further crippling our environment The answer is surely that developing countries turns to sustainable energy and thus leapfrog the development-phase of the already developed nations,and focus on modern energy sources in order to be able to establish an energy sector based on new, clean, sustainable technology. The aim of this book is to show how this can be done by focussing on gras root development, which in the long term is the sustainable way of develop traditional societies and thus make it viable to introduce modern renewable energy services to a traditional community in the rural areas of developing countries. The context of the book is a Luo community in Nyanza, Kenya, in which the role of culture in the development of the community and the current environment for sustainable energy services is being highlighted, and how gras root development can facilitate a sustainable development of these aspects.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The problematic of this study is the lack of consistency with supply theory of the trend of price and the supply of some selected crops in Jigawa state as observed by the researcher. This study using the Nerlovian model has estimated the responses of millet, sorghum, sesame and groundnut crops¿ areas to changes in their prices and other relevant variables in Jigawa state, Nigeria. The time period covered in the analysis is from 1994 ¿ 2007. The coefficients of the area response models were estimated for the individual crops and at the aggregate level using ordinary least squares multiple regression method. Quantitative estimates show that the short run and long run changes in own-price, lagged hectarages and lagged production were not significant in explaining the response of millet, sorghum, sesame, and groundnut farmers during the period under reviewBooks on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -India is among the world¿s top BPO destinations. While most discussions focus on the outsourcing of software services and the call centre phenomenon, it is virtually unknown that the country is also the global hub for outsourced book publishing services. Trends show that Indiäs capabilities for serving academic, scientific and technical publishers are the most highly developed. But outsourcing is about much more than cutting costs, or improving service and quality. As overseas clients and Indian suppliers discover, the service relation is ultimately a social one. Both parties bring to it their cultural constitution, their desire for control or a degree of creative freedom, their differing perceptions about the outsourced work, their sense of their own worth, and sometimes, their personal prejudices. With certain academic publishers in the UK and publishing services vendors in India as its field of study, and combining academic theory with empirical findings, this book explores the attitudes and assumptions that could make or break the service relation.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In the majority of African cities today more than 75% of the basic needs of the population are provided by the informal sector. These include shelter, subsistence incomes, services such as water, energy, neighbourhood security, wastewater removal and transportation. Indeed, the pervasiveness of informalism has reduced the scope of formal management to a very small sphere of urban life. These informal dynamics are not only largely outside the reach of formal management systems of urban governments, but the present relationship of the urban poor to authorities is also one of ¿negative engagement¿. Whether fighting eviction, stealing electricity or water, or resisting regulation or taxes, it is this negative engagement that stands out as a prominent issue for municipalities and other authorities. The main point that emerges from the many accounts of negative engagement and disengagement is that the modern state is rapidly ceasing to be an embodiment of civil society and protector of the poor, week and oppressed. s already indicated, it appears as if the modern state cannot secure living conditions for the majority that are socially, economically and politically just.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 92 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The purpose of this Book is the analysis of the possibilities and difficulties of e-recruitment practices for SMEs in Malaysia, elaborating their effectiveness, and explaining some practical and managerial implications concerning these actions. Statistical analyses and empirical findings expressed here show that the attitudes and opinions of SME executives towards e-recruitment are considered a sub-function of an integrated e-HRM and can be seen as a valued technological improvement in the main critical activities of human resource management. However, findings show that the ability to communicate and deal with a multilingual organizational and working environment is the most important operational benefit of a web-based HRM and e-recruiting system. This technology is seen as a pathway to improving external and internal interactions and communication between job seekers, firms, employees, and other stakeholders, as well as to build data bases to store and recall data. These are the main strategic advantages of a recruitment system for SMEs in Malaysia.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 120 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Now days, rural-urban migration particularly, in the less developed countries like Ethiopia is, increasingly becoming a common phenomenon. There are a number of interrelated push and pull factors for such massive migration of people from places of origin to places of destination. But the extent and the types of these pull and push factors vary from one place to another place. This book has examined the most important determinants of migration (push and pull factors) on the Gamo people form Southern Ethiopia National Regional State to Addis Ababa - capital city of Ethiopia. In addition, the book has identified the peculiar work culture of the migrant Gamo people. It also has provided relevant evidences regarding the consequences of migration on the socioeconomic lives of migrants themselves as well as areas of origin and destination.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 100 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book proposes that the word ¿spinster¿ or ¿ ¿anes¿ in Arabic, are to be substituted with the word ¿bachelorette¿ or ¿ ¿azbä ¿. The ¿bachelorette¿ is a female who remains single by choice; she is simply an unmarried woman. The word ¿spinster¿ is heavily laden with negative and derogatory images, and carries a lot of stigma, that doesn¿t fit or apply to the ¿bachelorette¿ of today. This book also attempts to answer questions like why change the term 'spinster' to 'bachelorette' What sorts of women choose to be 'bachelorettes' What are the social correlations of their decisions Do 'bachelorettes' regard their situation as temporary or permanent Is the ¿spinster¿ stereotype valid Does being a ¿bachelorette¿ destine these females to be less human developed than their married counterparts Is the ¿bachelorette¿ less fulfilled in her ¿femaleness¿, in other words, does she feel less of a female without a husband and children Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Since the 1980s participatory development and its more recent variant, community¿based development, have sufficed as the new channel for development assistance and local poverty reduction. In Ghana particularly in the informal sector municipal governments have created a forum for the inclusion of major stakeholders with the objective of ensuring positive outcomes and sustainability of projects. Regardless of this attempt at beneficiary participation however, evidence on patronage and use of such projects after their implementation have in several cases fallen way below the intended targets and threatened their sustainability. This book provides an in-depth investigation on the challenges of consolidating beneficiary participation in the planning and implementation of projects, the effects on project outcomes and the implications for community based development. It examines one of such projects in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of Ghana by assessing the entire planning and implementation of the project, the participatory mechanisms used and the current state of the project in terms of its sustainability.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This dissertation contributes to the literature of sponsorship awareness and effectiveness by investigating the frequent yet loosely-defined term of involvement and empirically tests the existence and distinction of three types ¿ sport involvement, fan involvement, and event involvement. Research in sponsorship awareness and effectiveness will benefit from this investigation as it will provide more clarity into the type of involvement that is being referred to when testing this variable and the effect this has on their ability to recall and/or recognise sponsorship. The author provides a review of the literature (as at 2005), the development of the theoretical framework to be tested, the methodology used to address the research problem, a discussion on the research findings, and recommendations for future research in this field.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Today, in the process of conceptualizing the regional development and in the strategies toward implementing the regional policies, the significant changes and developments are experienced. These changes have begun with the theoretical fundamentals of regional development as well as the new factors explaining the developmental aspect of change and continued with the developments in aims, targets and activity areas. In this frame, we see that the approach of regional development underwent change from the understanding of from ¿ top - down¿ planning and development, where centralized administration undertakes a leadership role, to the understanding of ¿down-top¿ planning and development , where local economic actors undertake more effective functions and provided an improvement. The development process coming together with the change in the regional development policy, especially European countries, in numerous countries, leaded to forming of the new regulation mechanism in local level and emerging of local regulations and new institutes and organizations.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The study concerns the rights of the minorities amidst development policy interventions, a case of Basongora pastoralists who were at the centre of land conflicts as they claimed ancestral rights to ownership of Queen Elizabeth National Park and other neighboring pasturelands. The study identified the root cause of conflicts in the area, ascertained the outcomes in affecting social economic and political development and also identified possible strategies that are hoped to be adopted and those that had already been adopted to reconcile land claims conflicts in the region. Findings indicated that most ethnic minority groups in Uganda depend on traditional ancestral lands and they have a significant attachment for their survival. Most of them have been dispossessed of their land rights which make them unruly and violent in an effort to regain them. Conclusion was made and various recommendations were put forward.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book presents two concepts ¿ place marketing and event marketing. Theoretical knowledge within these concepts is not widely spread, they are usually examined separately but not together. A lot of companies use event marketing in order to promote their products or services. But what about cities Can they use events in order to attract more tourists, residents, investors and industries Can the event be one of the tools for communicating a city image As an example, this work examines the Finnish city of Mikkeli. Year by year Finnish cities become more and more popular among Russian tourists, investors, universities and employees. Mikkeli is among these cities. But it needs to increase its awareness among Russians and find new ways of attracting them. An event can be one of these ways. The purpose of this work is to get a better understanding of place marketing; how events are used as a promotional tool of place marketing; and, based on the developed theoretical framework, to evaluate the value of place marketing practices to position the city more favorably compared to its rivals, to probe the interests of the potential customers and find the ways of how to attract them.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The core purpose of the Cadbury¿s existence is ¿working together to create brands that people love¿. At Cadbury-Schweppes, the teams collaborate and work to convert products into brands. Cadbury India Limited (CIL), as a part of UK based Cadbury Schweppes Group began its operations in 1948 by importing chocolates and then re-packing them before distribution in the Indian market. After 59 years of existence, it today has five company-owned manufacturing facilities at Thane, Induri (Pune), Malanpur (Gwalior), Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and 4 sales offices (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai). The corporate office is in Mumbai.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -One of the major factors for insufficient vegetable production is due to pests of vegetables. The loss due to pest is estimated to be 30 to 35 % of the total production.Farmers have been using synthetic chemical pesticides in the hope of reducing loss due to insects and pests damages and to increase the productivity. This has several implications and impacts on the consumable agricultural products, human health, soil, and water condition. Therefore, an alternative solution is urgently needed for pest control, which is safe for health and environment, cheaper and can help to solve the problems of pests of vegetables. There is great potentiality of using Tharu ethnobotanical knowledge on botanical pesticides in Nepal and the prospect for wide adoption of by the Nepalese farmers is quite high. This book would be helpful for researchers to develop effective methodologies and procedures especially in the field of ethnobotany and organic pest management system. Similarly, it would be also helpful to students, academicians and any one who is interested in ethnobotany and organic pest management.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The right of revolution in the social contract theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke is a curious topic. This paper discusses the differences and similarities between the two philosophers¿ discussions of this topic. It is argued that Hobbes and Locke differ most drastically on the notion of who the sovereign is. While Hobbes prefers to establish the sovereign as a demigod, Locke understands the sovereign as a mortal, and thus fallible, man. It is because of this distinction that Hobbes and Locke disagree on the notion of the right of revolution. Furthermore, the American Founding Fathers, including James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, inherited Locke¿s perspective on this matter when arguing for the independence of the colonies. Finally, it is the conclusion of this paper that this notion of the right of revolution continues today, when observing the numerous political revolutions around the world.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The thesis explores how the Danish fashion industry can improve its competitive power on the North-German market: First, the North-German market is analysed, using PEST and Porter¿s Five Forces. The competitive situation is sound and the Germans show a growing interest for Danish fashion. The market offers one of the highest purchasing power parities in the country and an increasing demand for medium-priced clothing. Second, Robert M. Grant¿s framework for analysing internal resources and capabilities is applied. The data illustrates that the fashion companies are similar; they have low marketing budgets and their key strengths are brand profiles and design. Third, Bettis and Prahalad¿s theory: The Dominant Logic uncovers how the three identified dominant logics affect the Danish fashion industry: the one-way communication strategy, a lack of web-shops and missing co-operation internally in the industry. The keyword to success is co-operation within the fashion field. Four identified issues will improve the industry¿s competitive power: understanding the German culture, co-operation within the industry, innovation of both the communication strategy and the online appearance.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The institution of Purdah has been prevalent in human society in one form or the other. Over a period of time the observance of Purdah has changed its symbolic attire. The society of Kashmir is not an exception to this sociological fact. The social structure of Kashmir is predominantly a Muslim based and Purdah as an institution has evolved over here with the advent of Islam. The formative period of Islam has seen the observance of Purdah been practiced by its followers in letter and spirit. Over a period of time the indigenous influences has taken an assimilative form and the Purdah as an institution in Kashmir emerged in a syncretic form. The Purdah practice in present day Kashmir is an amalgam of composite culture in a pluralistic form. Thus the Purdah practice in Kashmir varies from one community to another. In the back drop of this sociological fact a study was undertaken to ascertain the nature and function of institution of Purdah. It is hoped that the study being the modest attempt would be of great sociological significance and importance for understanding the institution of Purdah in the broad spectrum of its social reality.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.