lap lambert academic publishing mär 2023 (643 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Since 1844 cooperatives have agreed to be governed by common principles and values that identify them through its worldwide federative organization. Those principles and values have been reviewed several times, updating their universal meaning, broadening it and making it specific in the appropriate sphere to the characteristics of the requirements of members and society in benefit of the common good. Important adjustments have been made with updates in 1995 and 2012, with an influence on the adjustment of the ethic by which they are identified. Cooperatives are associations of people whose purpose is to provide services or produce goods for their members. The subject, agent, principle, and objective of their acts is the person, and the structure of their action is subject-subject, which distinguishes them from companies of a different nature whose purpose is a subject-object relationship. They have included in their practices the seventeen SDG¿s of the 2030 U.N. Agenda, making a solidary contribution to overcoming poverty, social sustainability, and maintenance of the Environment not only of their members and workers but also of the communities around them.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Mixing machines used in the food industry are intended to transmit mechanical energy from the dynamic elements of the machine to the mixed medium. On a global level, mixing machines have been operated with asynchronous motors and static voltage and frequency converters, which ensures the possibility of adjusting the working parameters according to the needs imposed by the technological process. Modern mixing machines have a voltage/frequency converter that allows changing the speed of the electric motor in a wide range of speeds. The existence of the CTF converter allows changing the rotation speed of the mixing arms. Taking into account the need to obtain a varied range of revs of the mixing devices, a particularly important case in the operation of a mixing machine is that of regulating the speed of the drive motor. It is much easier to simulate the electromechanical drive system by applying the MATLAB utility and the Simulink-Sim Power Systems extensions. The mathematical approach based on mathematical models followed by a numerical simulation leads to much reduced financial efforts compared to experimental approaches.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 52 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Human capital is a one of the important elements helping the economic growth and development of organizations and can lead to a happy and healthy individuals, companies, and society. The most important assets in project-oriented companies are knowledge and experience that are in its human capital. The development of competencies, knowledge, skills, and aptitudes becomes a long-term task for employees and managers in organizations. To maintain productivity, the level of skills and competencies must be increased; even if the level of skills is high, if the human capital is not motivated, the performance will decrease. So, the organizations must offer an appropriate attention to human capital motivation; more motivation is better. The book is important for any employee who want to grow, to develop, for any organization who is formed by its employees and work as a whole, and for society who is based on people and their actions. It also is important for practitioners, for students, and for PhD students who want to know more about the vital role of human capital and its role in obtaining sustainable development. It is a step for growing, for knowing, and for green thinking.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The North-eastern part of India is declared as ¿disturbed¿ for long. Its human rights situation is rooted in its ethnic and linguistic make-up and in the history of its administrative relationship to the central government of India. The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), 1958 was implemented to control the insurgents as well as to maintain peace and security in the region. But surprisingly, after its deployment the situation became even worse. The army violates the human rights of the inhabitants by means of torturing, arresting, searching their houses in excuse of suspicion. They harass the female in connection to help the militants by providing shelter. Thousands of cases of rapes and sexual molestations have been reported against the army. But due to lack of proper investigation the victims do not get justice. Several times the civil society raises its voice to repeal the draconian Act. The central government sometimes too feels to withdraw it, but in practice they do nothing. International organizations like United Nations, Amnesty International make some recommendations, still the people of North- east have been deprived of enjoying the basic human rights of them.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The aim of this book, as a first initiative of an ongoing multi-facet research, is to examine the future of sustainability in a Post-Covid New Normal World. As a matter of fact, sustainability is undergoing significant changes regarding its context that depends on various parameters. The recent pandemic has illustrated that globalization phenomena cuts both ways, especially in the context of Sino-American rivalry which will determine the new world order. In the middle of this chaos, implementing health and education as independent pillars in the sustainability concept is of paramount importance. Furthermore, planting the seeds of sustainability during the post-covid world will call out for an alternative paradigm which is The Blue Economy. This latter depends on the fair and equal distributions of wealths as well as eradicating the current social, economic and ecological issues.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 56 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In the book are presented a series of kinematic and dynamic analysis methods of the mechanism of the sucker rod pumping units and is analyzed the dynamics of the rod column. The presented analysis methods were transposed by the authors into computer programs, and the results of the simulations carried out with these programs show good accordance with the results of the measurements made at several wells. The book is addressed both to the students in the field of mechanical engineering, but also to the specialists from universities and institutes that carry out activities in the field of research and equipment design in the petroleum industry.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The Technologies in this book are connected with solution of Actual Problems in Offshore drilling ¿ Preventing of Explosions on Sea platforms and Killing of Uncontrolled Fountains, which arise after an explosion. Some of my methods and Technologies are in the area of offshore drilling, and they can make drilling safer, cheaper and may prevent ecological damage to the environment as well as prevent loss of human lives.The TOP technology (Technology for Optimization of Production) is used for enhanced oil recovery. It can be primarily applied for optimization of oil production from reservoirs containing oil with high Gas to Oil Ratio (GOR>600 cft/bbl). This technology is based on the solution of a very precise mathematical model (Muskat equations) of the system reservoir-well, that accounts for all of its components.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 100 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The method of approximation by means of radical functions of odd index approximates an arbitrary function from the knowledge of its values, or of its approximate values, in a set of points. The main objective of this book is to show the scientific community how radical functions of odd index can be used to approximate continuous functions, Riemann-integrable, Lebesgue-integrable, and measurable functions. This book will also show how these radical functions can be used for the approximation of integrals of the mentioned functions. The interpolation problem is also studied. The calculations used are not impressive because of their difficulty but because of the importance they can have in applications that require approximations to a function or its integral in an interval [a,b].Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 72 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In the design of graph theoretical models, the quantifiable parameters encountered in the process will be represented through qualitative characterization of mathematical, in particular, graph theoretical tools. Coloring and labeling techniques come in handy, in such representations of social, biological and physical data systems.In the proposed series of publication of AUM Block coloring, in volume 1, ¿New AUM Block Coloring technique for Corona Product of Graphs¿, the concept AUM Block coloring is introduced for corona product of path, Cycle, Complete graph, and Wheel graphs. This volume 2, focus on developing AUM Block coloring for special graphs such as Star graph, Double Star, Olive tree, Banana tree, Coconut tree, Bamboo tree, Tadpole graph, Lollipop graph. AUM Block Chromatic Number for these graphs is also found. This notable contribution will be very much helpful to the aspiring researchers in Mathematics and Applied fields. Such graph theoretical tools serve as solution providers to many real life, practical problems, in varied fields like communication network, data mining, web designing, image processing, agricultural crops plantation pattern etc.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 52 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book presents a descriptive analysis of Kurdish phonetics and phonology, specifically one of the dialects of Kurdish, namely Sorani (also known as Central Kurdish). It describes the phoneme inventory of Sorani Kurdish including the consonants, vowels and their allophones. In addition, it examines the syllable structure in Sorani Kurdish and the possible combinations of consonant segments within the syllable. It also demonstrates some of the phonological processes which are found in Sorani Kurdish.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Communities characterized by high cultural development are usually associated with increased satisfaction with living conditions and affluence. This book analyzes cultural tourism through the following components: religious tourism, heritage tourism, urban cultural tourism, and artistic tourism in Romania through the realization of the Geographical Axis. This paper assesses the development of the cultural axis by developing a cultural tourism indicator. By comparing the cultural tourism systems of the cultural tourism axis in county and region, a mathematical evaluation indicator and a chromatic system have been developed to indicate through a table the qualitative value of the cultural tourism objectives of the geographical axis, and the evaluation parameter of the cultural tourism axis is achieved. Each county is researched from a cultural tourism perspective by creating a geographical axis. Once the axis assessment is completed, the cultural tourist axis is given a label of qualitative tourist and architectural value. Through the structural analysis, the cultural axis supports the development of cultural products at the county and national levels.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book aims to explore the anthology of Gospel Music as the primary resource, the songs which determined the factors behind building the identities of the natives of Zimbabwe. And they are as follows: Mali Music - Glory to the Lamb, Zimbabwe Lyrics by Bob Marley, We Are Family Lyrics by Spirit of Praise, Namata (Pray) by Mkhululi Bhebhe etc. Limpopo River song, Tomurumidza (We praise Him) Tembarami ft Wellington, Bayate lyrics by Tembalami ft zowie mutangadura and Primrose Njewa, Zulu song, Senzeni na Song and Wasara Wasara (Delay and you will be left behind) lyrics by Mkhululi Bhebhe. Like other forms of Christian music, the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Gospel music varies according to culture and social context. Gospel music is composed and performed for many purposes, including aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, and as an entertainment product for the marketplace.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Granulözokletochnye opuholi qichnikow otnosqtsq k neäpitelial'nym nowoobrazowaniqm polowogo tqzha qichnikow i whodqt w sostaw gruppy granulözo-stromal'nyh opuholej. Naibolee weroqtnym istochnikom razwitiq dannyh opuholej qwlqetsq granulöza primordial'nyh follikulow qichnika w rezul'tate narusheniq gormonal'nogo rawnowesiq. Rezul'taty nastoqschego issledowaniq pozwolqüt rasshirit' nashi predstawleniq ob ätiologii, osobennostej techeniq w raznyh wozrastnyh gruppah granulözokletochnoj opuholi qichnikow, i ego ätiopatogeneticheskoj swqzi s drugimi dobrokachestwennymi i zlokachestwennymi soputstwuüschimi nowoobrazowaniqmi, a takzhe o roli opuholewyh markerow i urownq gormonow w prognozirowanii techeniq dannogo nowoobrazowaniq.Konechnym rezul'tatom nastoqschego issledowaniq budet izuchenie faktorow riska metastazirowaniq i recidiwirowaniq granulözokletochnoj opuholi qichnikow w zawisimosti ot stadii zabolewaniq w moment opredeleniq bolezni, gormonal'nogo statusa pacientki i taktiki lecheniq.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 120 pp. Russisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Strategic Planning is vital for the success of any organization. In Kenya local authorities were expected to participate in strategic planning with an aim of developing strategic plans that would help steer the local authorities. However the local communities complained about not being actively involved in the strategic planning. This book reviewed the factors influencing strategic planning in the local authorities in Kenya.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The diversity of security that proposed in 1994 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) human security concept after the end of Cold War and concurrent globalization have put more international or external influence on States and beyond their sovereign components in the foreign policy formulation. The book decentralizes these security needs to specific food security in Africa and the multiple factors in national and international system that contribute to its availability or scarcity, which include activity of States and non-state actors. Also, critically examines the system of capitalism which birthed out illicit financial flows and some of its vicious elements such as arm sales and trafficking, export and import control as precursors that trigger known drivers like economic recessions, low investment in research infrastructure, poverty, wars or conflicts and climate change in Africa and contribute to food and economic insecurity through some foreign policy adopted by developed and developing countries. The analysis was done by adopting coefficient concept, that involves consideration of factors that have relation to specific factor or characteristics.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Rice husk ash is a good source of silica. Almost 95% silica content is present in the RHA. Silica is used as a raw material for manufacture of glass, rubber etc. Rice husk ash is used for the extraction of silica because RHA is economically viable compared with other sources. In the present study silica is extracted from rice husk ash using sodium hydroxide and conc. HCl as solvents at different temperatures (°c), time (hr), concentration (N) respectively. A maximum yield of 95% was obtained from RHA at temperature 100 °c, time 2hr and concentration 2N by acid treatment. A minimum yield of 41% was obtained from RHA at temperature 100 ºc, time 1hr and concentration 2N. The silica obtained was conducted to qualitative analysis FTIR. The comparison of yield obtained from the extraction by using sodium hydroxide and conc. HCl as solvents is done.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 52 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This work describes the use of a continuous classification scale to determine the degree of influence of interest groups in organizations, based on characteristics proposed by relevant authors such as Freeman (1984), as well as the work of prominent researchers, such as Mitchel, Agle and Wood (1997), in addition to the classification proposals proposed by Donaldson and Preston (1995).A continuous classification scale owes its relevance to proposing a method for measuring the characteristics of a phenomenon or object of study without any imposition in terms of scales or predetermined numbers to generate some type of qualification or evaluation.In this sense, a continuous classification will make it easier for the person surveyed to express their opinion without the need to adapt their point of view or perception to a certain response trait, but will have as its main characteristic the freedom to express their position considering the issues that are present in a given data collection instrument.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 60 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The issue of service delay in most deposit money bank counters in Africa caused by front desk bank employees¿ slow pace of attending to customers which generates queue and customer complaint is terrible. Most often, customers of some deposit money banks within Port Harcourt complain of long queue in banking premises and how difficult it is to make withdrawal or payment inside the bank due to bank staff slow pace of attending to customers. This act negatively impacts on the post purchase intentions of most of the bank customers who often complain and grumbles. Several of these customers are scared of using online transactions due to fear of being duped by online fraudsters. This study tried to empirically investigate the impact self-service technology such as the banks mobile app and ATM card perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and perceived low risk by customers of deposit money banks will influence their post purchase intentions.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 52 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -What is acne Certainly, most of us know what it is, simply because we have had to experience it at one time or another in our lives. But, in case a definition is needed, here is a short one. Acne is a dermatological term that includes clogged pores, pimples, and lumps or cysts that occur on the face, neck, chest, back, shoulders, and upper arms. Acne occurs most commonly in teenagers but is not limited to any age group, afflicting even adults in their forties. This disease has many varieties, and although none are life-threatening, the more severe cases of acne can be disfiguring, leaving permanent scars on affected areas.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 52 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The study aimed to determine the level of feelings of social stigma, and its relationship with stress, among families of the mentally disabled. It also aimed to determine the differences in feelings of social stigma and stress in Saudi and Egyptian societies, a descriptive study was conducted using a Scale of a non-probability snowball sampling technique. The results of the study indicated that the level of feeling of social stigma in the sample was Moderate, while it was weak in the Saudi sample, and Moderate in the Egyptian sample. and also indicated that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between a social stigma and both social stress, psychological stress among families of the mentally disabled in the sample, in addition to the presence of statistically significant differences between Saudi Arabia and Egypt in the feeling of social stigma, social stress, and psychological stress and all of them In favor of Egypt, The results indicated that there is a poor statistically significant relationship between feelings of social stigma, stress, and some demographic characteristics of the disabled in both Saudi and Egyptian samples.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 52 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This study took a historical retrospective approach to Solid Waste Management (SWM) focusing on how it started, how it became a growing concern with ripple effects to society and ultimately, how the City of Harare (COH) can adopt a sustainable and responsible innovative solid waste management practice. A pragmatism philosophy was adopted by making use of mixed method approach. 130 Google online forms and 6 key informant interviews were used to collect data from the respondents. Stratified purposive sampling was used to select the respondents in the 46 wards of Harare. Data was analysed quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics generated from the Google online forms, and qualitatively through thematic content analysis. The study found out that the COH¿s failure to effectively manage solid waste is due to the lack of resources and a lack of sustainable and innovative ways of SWM. Chi-Square test for the two variables was 0.61 and it is greater than 0.05. This shows that there is no association between the types of waste managed or collected and the strategies that the City of Harare uses to improve solid waste management.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 60 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Silver is a depleted precious resource and in the near future it all be used up. In addition to this, our country is not produced the metal at this moment. Extracting silver from enough silver containing wastes like used X-ray photographic film will considerably save the foreign currency to import this metal. The waste X-ray photographic films containing 1.5-2% (w/w) black metallic silver would be used for recovery and reuse. Around 18-20% of the world¿s silver needs are supplied by recycling photographic waste. Extraction of silver from the ore is expensive and harmful to the environment. Global demand for silver remains steadily increasing from 25,700 metric tons in 2016 to 30,500 metric tons in 2021. Most photographic and X-ray wastes contain silver thiosulphate with silver at a concentration of 5 parts per million (ppm). Several technologies exist to recover silver from X-ray photographic film such as burning the film, electrolysis, metal replacement, chemical precipitation and bacterial, enzymatic methods.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 56 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Introducing valuable data about the different veterinary protozoa, especially those endemic in Egypt, and getting to know them Ocular and microscopic description of these protozoa. Identifying the various diseases caused by these protozoa .the pathological manifestations methods of diagnosis, treatment and control of different disease caused by protozoa.The underlying principle of pathology is that all disease processes have a cellular basis, or, stated more simply, all disease is due to cell injury. Changes in the arrangement, structure, or products of cells are of fundamental importance in diagnostic pathology.Cellular injury can be lethal (fatal), causing necrosis, or cell death. It can also be sublethal, meaning the cell or tissue function is altered but the cell isn¿t destroyed. Deterioration of cell function can occur following nonlethal cell injury.This alteration is referred to as cell degeneration.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Understanding the implications of dental trauma in an individual¿s life is important for educational strategies to be established. In the preschool stage, implications go beyond the occurrence of trauma or its clinical consequences. Therefore, the implementation of educational strategies aimed at parents/caregivers is necessary, with strict guidelines that, if dental trauma occurs, they are informed that seeking professional management is important. Based on these articles, we could observe that the negative impact of OHRQoL is very different on children and adolescents. Adolescents are more affected. These studies concluded that complicated traumatic dental injuries have a negative impact on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of preschool children and their parents.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Orthodontic tooth movement can be carried out successfully with endodontically treated teeth. It is always recommend to use of moderate and intermittent forces enables sufficient tooth movement, limits the damage in the pulp, and allows the damaged pulp healing.Endodontically treated teeth can be moved orthodontically as readily as teeth with vital pulps. If teeth require root canal treatment during orthodontic movement, it is recommended that the root canals be cleaned, shaped and an interim dressing of calcium hydroxide be placed. The tooth should be sealed occlusally to prevent bacterial leakage. Canal obturation is accomplished upon the completion of orthodontic tooth movement.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In this book, a deep learning technique called Convolution Neural Network (CNN) is deployed for determining the level of DR with accuracy. Hence, for training, this network, fundus image dataset from a public resource called Kaggle is utilized. But, before feeding the dataset into a deep learning model, the images are pre-processed using the libraries present in python, so that the model can accurately classify the test input image into the respective diabetic retinopathy class. Thus, the proposed deep learning model helps in identifying DR automatically at its earlier stage, thus helping in controlling its progression that leads to vision-related problems.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Entering the automobile market and coping with competition is a very difficult task, even economically and financially strong countries are not able to achieve it. Uzbekistan was the first among the republics of the former union to enter the automobile market, which has strong competitors. First of all, the establishment of the automobile industry in Uzbekistan required a large investment, high technology and training of qualified personnel.Secondly, for car manufacturers, in the words of economists, there should always be a situation of production of mutually substitutable goods. In this case, it is required to resolutely develop the strong engineering-design work, to take the necessary measures to constantly and continuously improve the creative-technological process.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Students of chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Physics, biochemistry, geology, medical sciences, engineering and environmental sciences must develop an understanding of these tools and techniques so that they may be able to solve the analytical problems.The Author believes that the correct choice and efficient use of modern analytical requires an understanding of the fundamental principles of operation of these measuring instruments and devices. After attaining such understanding, the student pre- analyst can reasonably make choices among the various alternative means of solving an analytical problem. With this aim in mind, it is the objective of the author to give the student an introduction to the principles of spectroscopy.The scope of this book is to give the scholars plenty of focused ideas in the basic theory which makes understandable the relationship of the amount of electromagnetic radiation absorbed or emitted by a sample and the properties of atoms or molecules of the sample.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 52 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The present investigation entitled, ¿Integrated nutrient management in onion (Allium cepa L.) with respect to growth, yield and quality under North Gujarat condition¿ was carried out during rabi season of 2014-2015 at Horticulture Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar.Experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Total eleven treatments were evaluated in the present study viz., T1: 100% NPK as per recommendation (100:50:50) + FYM 20 t/ha, T2: 125 kg/ha N + 50 kg P and K + FYM 20 t/ha, T3: 50% (50 kg) recommended dose of N through FYM and 50% (50 kg) recommended dose of N through chemical fertilizer; T4 : 50 % (50 kg) recommended dose of N through vermicompost and 50% (50 kg) recommended dose of N through chemical fertilizer; T5: 50% (50 kg) recommended dose of N through poultry manure and 50% (50 kg) recommended dose of N through chemical fertilizer; T6: 100% (100 kg) recommended dose of N through FYM; T7 :100% (100 kg) recommended dose of N through vermicompost; T8: 100% (100 kg) recommended dose of N through poultry manure.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Infected teeth should be treated and maintained in the dental arch as natural space maintainer, provided they can be restored to function and remain free from the disease.Primary teeth with pulp necrosis are of polymicrobial in nature with predominance of anaerobic bacteria residing deeply with in the dentin and in cementum around the periapex. These microorganisms in the fins and isthmus can remain even after biomechanical preparation, thorough debridement with antibacterial agents and intracanal dressing. So, in order to increase the chance of success of the endodontic treatment, substances with antimicrobial properties are frequently used as root canal filling materials in deciduous teeth.This book seeks to present a review of the major obturating materials and techniques with their modifications as well as their advantages and disadvantages.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.