springer netherlands apr 1996 (18 Ergebnisse)

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is an exposition of 'Singular Semi-Riemannian Geometry'- the study of a smooth manifold furnished with a degenerate (singular) metric tensor of arbitrary signature. The main topic of interest is those cases where the metric tensor is assumed to be nondegenerate. In the literature, manifolds with degenerate metric tensors have been studied extrinsically as degenerate submanifolds of semi Riemannian manifolds. One major aspect of this book is first to study the intrinsic structure of a manifold with a degenerate metric tensor and then to study it extrinsically by considering it as a degenerate submanifold of a semi-Riemannian manifold. This book is divided into three parts. Part I deals with singular semi Riemannian manifolds in four chapters. In Chapter I, the linear algebra of indefinite real inner product spaces is reviewed. In general, properties of certain geometric tensor fields are obtained purely from the algebraic point of view without referring to their geometric origin. Chapter II is devoted to a review of covariant derivative operators in real vector bundles. Chapter III is the main part of this book where, intrinsically, the Koszul connection is introduced and its curvature identities are obtained. In Chapter IV, an application of Chapter III is made to degenerate submanifolds of semi-Riemannian manifolds and Gauss, Codazzi and Ricci equations are obtained. Part II deals with singular Kahler manifolds in four chapters parallel to Part I. 196 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Resolution Proof Systems: An Algebraic Theory presents a new algebraic framework for the design and analysis of resolution- based automated reasoning systems for a range of non-classical logics. It develops an algebraic theory of resolution proof systems focusing on the problems of proof theory, representation and efficiency of the deductive process. A new class of logical calculi, the class of resolution logics, emerges as a second theme of the book. The logical and computational aspects of the relationship between resolution logics and resolution proof systems is explored in the context of monotonic as well as nonmonotonic reasoning. This book is aimed primarily at researchers and graduate students in artificial intelligence, symbolic and computational logic. The material is suitable as a reference book for researchers and as a text book for graduate courses on the theoretical aspects of automated reasoning and computational logic. 228 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is the outgrowth of the editors' conviction that there is a need for a current and comprehensive examination of international economic issues within the framework of institutional economics. The volume covers the most important international topics that institutional economists historically have addressed. We hope that our initiative and necessarily limited choice of subjects will encourage additional applications of institutional economic theory to the international economy. For other economists, the analyses contained in the volume's dozen chapters afford an opportunity to become more aware of the theoretical work and policy recommendations of institutional economists. It may be surprising that, to an extent, evolutionary and neoclassical thinking converge and even sometimes overlap on the matter of trends and problems of the international economy. A case in point is the increased attention both schools devote to the role of technology in shaping patterns of world trade and specialization. In the past few decades, global shifts in comparative advantages, the widespread adoption of more flexible exchange rate systems, and the remarkable shifts in institutional arrangements and policy regimes in the former Soviet Union and East Asia have compelled a reassessment of conventional static trade theories based on neoclassical assumptions. Links among trade, international investment, and the diffusion of economic growth are being more closely scrutinized and better understood. This volume is an effort to expand and stimulate this discourse on the economics of international relations, including global economic development. 284 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -One of the central tenets of this book is that governmental policies must be designed to take into account market characteristics and environmental phenomena - simultaneously. This volume contains a new research effort of the `Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei' and explores the theoretical underpinnings of environmental policy in a sub-optimal world. Topics considered link economic issues (oligopolistic market structures, firm heterogeneity, and the strategic behavior of governments) to environmental issues (emission abatements, cleaner technologies, and environmental taxation). The articles in this volume were chosen to achieve a balance between breadth and depth and were written by leading experts in the field. In short, this book is rich in policy implications and raises new issues and questions for future research. 230 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Regulatory review is the last major development hurdle that must be passed by a new medicine before it reaches the market. At a time when pharmaceutical companies are reviewing their R&D strategies, and attempting to reduce drug development times, it is extremely important that the review process is made as efficient as possible. The 11th CMR Workshop, held in September 1995, provided the opportunity for regulatory authority and industry personnel from Europe, North America, Australia and Japan to openly discuss views and exchange experiences on the subject of improving the review process. The proceedings of this meeting provide a comprehensive overview of the current review process around the world. The contributors describe the present situation and highlight company strategies and regulatory initiatives to improve the review process. This volume also summarises the suggestions that were developed by the participants, covering many facets of this process, including the quality and size of the dossier, dialogue, submission strategies, feedback and the response to questions. 196 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Earthquake Hazard and Risk is a book summarizing selected papers presented at the 27th General Assembly of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (Wellington, January 1994). The papers, rigorously scrutinized by an international board of referees, cover some recent aspects of current research in earthquake hazard and seismic risk. They address the algorithms and methodology used in seismological applications, the reliability of these techniques with the decreasing level of probability and uncertainty associated with various seismotectonic settings, the physical and statistical nature of earthquake occurrences, strong ground motions and effects of surface seismogeological conditions. A special effort has been made to include papers that illustrate the assessment of earthquake hazard and seismic risk through applications at sites in either inter-plate or intra-plate tectonic settings. Of particular interest is hazard assessment in regions of rare large earthquakes. The book is suitable for those interested in earthquake hazard and seismic risk research as well as a more general audience of seismologists, geophysicists and Earth scientists. It is also useful for authorities responsible for public safety and natural hazard mitigation plans and for insurance companies. 304 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Our intention with this book is to extend the efficiency literature to the case of intertemporal models. We do this in steps. First, we introduce static network models which will serve as building blocks for our intertemporal budgeting models and our dynamic models. Next, we devote two chapters to productivity measurements, which we think of as comparative static models. Intertemporal budgeting models and dynamic models are taken up after that. Each chapter, except Chapter One, contains an empirical applica tion. These applications are coauthored with colleagues and stu dents; thanks are due to Runar Brannlund, Yijan He, Julius Hor vath, Pontus Roos, Jerry Whittaker and S. (Lek) Yaisawarng . . We would also like to thank Dale Boisso and Kathy Hayes for gra ciously sharing their data on Illinois municipalities with us. Two of the applications are already published, namely: 'Environmental Regulation and Profitability: Applications to Swedish Pulp and Pa per Mills,' Environmental and Resource Economics 6: 23-36, 1995, (Section 2. 5) and 'Productivity and Quality Changes in Swedish Pharmacies,' International Journal of Production Economics 39: 137-144, 1995, (Section 3. 5). We are grateful to Kluwer Academic Publishers and Elsevier Science for kindly allowing us to reproduce these publications here. During the summer 1995 we spent a very enjoyable two months at the Center for Economic Studies (CES) at the University of Munich. 220 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Pluralities begins with a concise introduction to recent theories of the semantics of plurals. The author argues, contrary to many of those theories, that plural discourse involves entities corresponding to sets of individuals but nothing corresponding to higher order sets. In the course of the book, the reader will become acquainted with the linguistics data that lies at the heart of this debate including extensive discussion of reciprocals and of collectives (such as the committee). In addition, a unique account of distributivity is proposed in which collective/distributive ambiguities are analyzed in pragmatic terms. The account capitalizes on the idea that the universe may be partitioned differently at different points in a discourse. Pluralities should be accessible to those with an introductory level background in model-theoretic semantics. 228 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Books published during recent years in the field of applied geo physics can be, in general, divided into two main types. The first type covers such multiaspect books as 'Introduction to Geophysics', while the second-special works on fundamental theoretical prob lems with an elaborate mathematical description. The books of the first type are mainly intended for beginner students and specialists in adjacent fields. The books of the second type may be useful for teachers and theorists. However, there are also books of another (third) type. These books describe the experience in geophysical in vestigation under specific conditions or propose solutions to concrete geological problems, being a methodological guide for geophysicists and concentrating ideas both for advanced students and researchers. Authors hope to give the readers a book of this kind. Interpretation of geophysical fields is a complex consistent pro cess. Its successful realization requires: (a) knowledge of geological regularities and geological situation; (b) availability of petrophysical support; (c) mathematical methods of solving direct and inverse problems of geophysics (i.e. computation of geophysical fields from a known source and determination of source characteristics from known fields); (d) application of statistical and logico-informational procedures to the analysis and synthesis of observation results for revealing desired objects and peculiarities of the geological structure. 368 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A group of highly esteemed aerosol scientists - physicists, chemists, biologists and toxicologists - met in Warsaw in September, 1995, in order to discuss the latest developments in the field of aerosol health subjects, including inhalation, lung transport and deposition. The relationship of these subjects with the environment was also addressed. This book contains the proceedings of the Workshop and also documents the ensuing panel discussions. Subject Index included. 320 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The current volume consists of eight chapters which interweave various aspects of the structure, energetics and reactivity of organic free radicals, all combining pedagogical insights with current research. The first is by Walling in which a personalized overview is given by one of the modern pioneers of the discipline. In the next two chapters, Tsang, and Traeger and Kompe, present key thermochemical and kinetic quantities from the complementary vantage points of the studies of neutral and cationic species. The fourth chapter by Francisco and Montgomery discusses the armamentarium of modern theory as applied to species with unpaired electrons, while the next chapter by Goodman presents the theory, methodology and results from photoacoustic calorimetry, a novel and powerful experimental technique. Martinho Simoes and Minas da Piedade interrelate organometallic and free radical chemistry, while Greenberg and Liebman consider resonance energy and rearrangements as applied to small molecules and enzyme cofactors alike. The volume ends with the chapter by Tanko and Suleman, which describes the surprising and diverse solvent effects which modulate free radical chem istry. This volume will make it apparent to entry-level graduate students and senior researchers alike that much is known and much remains to be done in both the qualitative understanding and quantitative insights of the chemistry of organic free radicals. Jose Artur Martinho Simoes Arthur Greenberg Joel F. Liebman vii Editorial Advisory Board WESTON T. BORDEN ALAN P. 316 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This text is the first international and comprehensive discussion of the impacts of climatic fluctuations and climate change on water resources management. The book presents an overview of the impacts of climatic change/fluctuations on a wide variety of water resources sectors including river runoff, water quality, water temperature, water use and demand, reservoir management and water resource planning and management. The book is unique in that it then presents a series of case studies to both demonstrate the application of climate change impact assessment methodologies and to provide insights to catchment, river basin, and national scale impacts of climate change/fluctuations on the water resources of Africa, Europe, and North America. Audience: Researchers, scholars and students of hydrology and water management who are concerned with the issues of climate change as well as the climate change impact assessment community. 412 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Optics at the Nanometer Scale: Imaging and Storing with Photonic Near Fields deals with the fundamentals of and the latest developments and applications of near-field optical microscopy, giving basic accounts of how and under what circumstances superresolution beyond the half- wavelength Rayleigh limit is achieved. Interferometric and fluorescence techniques are also described, leading to molecular and even atomic resolution using light. The storage of optical information at this level of resolution is also addressed. 316 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -`Sanctity of life' and `human dignity' are two bioethical concepts that play an important role in bioethical discussions. Despite their separate history and content, they have similar functions in these discussions. In many cases they are used to bring a difficult or controversial debate to an end. They serve as unquestionable cornerstones of morality, as rocks able to weather the storms of moral pluralism. This book provides the reader with analyses of these two concepts from different philosophical, professional and cultural points of view. Sanctity of Life and Human Dignity presents a comparative analysis of both concepts. 344 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The International Symposium 'Fatigue under Thermal and Mechanical Loading', held at Petten (The Netherlands) on May 22-24, 1995, was jointly organized by the Institute for Advanced Materials of The Joint Research Centre, E. C. , and by the Societe Fran~se de Metallurgie et de Materiaux. The fast heating and cooling cycles experienced by many high temperature components cause thermally induced stresses, which often operate in combination with mechanical loads. The resulting thermal / mechanical fatigue cycle leads to material degradation mechanisms and failure modes typical of service cycles. The growing awareness that the synergism between the combined thermal and mechanical loads can not be reproduced by means of isothermal tests, has resulted in an increasing interest in thermal and thermo-mechanical fatigue testing. This trend has been reinforced by the constant pull by industry for more performant, yet safer high temperature systems, pushing the materials to the limit of their properties. Dedicated ASTM meetings in particular have set the scene for this area of research. The proceedings of the symposium organized by D. A. Spera and D. F. Mowbray in 1975 provided a reference book on thermal fatigue which reflects the knowledge and experimental capabilities of the mid-seventies. 524 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Moving Loads on Ice Plates is a unique study into the effect of vehicles and aircraft travelling across floating ice sheets. It synthesizes in a single volume, with a coherent theme and nomenclature, the diverse literature on the topic, hitherto available only as research journal articles. Chapters on the nature of fresh water ice and sea ice, and on applied continuum mechanics are included, as is a chapter on the subject's venerable history in related areas of engineering and science. The most recent theories and data are discussed in great depth, demonstrating the advanced state of the modelling and experimental field programmes that have taken place. Finally, results are interpreted in the context of engineering questions faced by agencies operating in the polar and subpolar regions. Although the book necessarily contains some graduate level applied mathematics, it is written to allow engineers, physicists and mathematicians to extract the information they need without becoming preoccupied with details. Structural, environmental, civil, and offshore engineers, and groups who support these industries, particularly within the Arctic and Antarctic, will find the book timely and relevant. 252 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -11. 3. 2. Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 11. 3. 3. Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 11. 3. 4. Some remarks on comfort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 11. 3. 5. Electrical heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 11. 4. Electrical fie1ds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 11. 4. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 11. 4. 2. Open fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 11. 4. 3. The TV set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 11. 4. 4. Upholstery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 11. 5. Electrostatic air c1eaners and ionizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 11. 5. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 11. 5. 2. What do they have in common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 11. 5. 3. What is the difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 11. 6. Health effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 11. 6. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 11. 6. 2. Air conditioning and c1imate control . . . . . . . . . . . 142 11. 6. 3. Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 11. 6. 4. Charged particles and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 11. 7. Conc1usion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 The atmosphere is not what it is popularly believed to be 163 111. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 111. 2. Particles in the atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 m. 2. I. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 m. 2. 2. Partic1es and albedo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 111. 2. 3. Condensation nuc1ei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 111. 3. Pollution sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 111. 3. 1. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 III. 3. 2. Forest fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 111. 3. 2. Car emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 111. 3. 3. The e1ectrostatic precipitator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 III. 4. Transport and sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 111. 4. 1. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 111. 4. 2. Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 111. 4. 3. Se1ective deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 111. 4. 4. Visibility, ozone layer, and nitrates. . . . . . . . . . . . 206 111. 4. 5. Torrential rains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Contents 8 Tb. Forgotten Pollution 111. 4. 4. Visibility, ozone layer, and nitrates . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 111. 4. 5. Torrential rains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -EDITORS This introduction to the International Handbook of Educational Lead ership and Administration describes some of the motivation for devel oping the book and several assumptions on which is based much of the work represented in its 31 chapters. A synopsis of the contents of those chapters is also provided. SOME KEY ASSUMPTIONS It is sometimes suggested that the search for an adequate understanding of leadership is doomed to fail. After all, there is little evidence of agreement about the concept in spite of prodigious efforts dating back hundreds if not thousands of years. Such a view is captured, for exam ple, in Bennis' observation that: Of all the hazy and confounding areas in social psychology, leadership theory undoubtedly contends for top nomination. Probably more has been written and less is known about lead ership than any other topic in the behavioural sciences. (1959, page 259) We do not find this state of affairs discouraging (nor entirely accurate) and, of course, it did not prevent Bennis from proceeding either. One reason for our desire to continue in the face of such discouraging words is that a great deal of leadership research aspires to develop a general theory, a theory which applies to all or most domains of organized human activity. This aspiration inevitably produces decontextualized and, therefore, abstract categories of practice. Howard Gardner's (1995) depiction of leadership as story telling is a case in point. 1238 pp. Englisch.