Springer us mai 2012 (239 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -wcrd than surface because-unless the sclid is suspended in a vacuum-it is in ccntact with a gas, a liquid, cr ancther sclid, and it is the interface between the sclid and the cther body which is the fccus cf interest in surface phencmena). The literature dces nct ccntain any useful definiticn cf this term. The term surface cr interface can be defined cnly if cne ccnsiders the characteristics cf the bulk material, the ccnditicn cf the surface under discussicn, the envircnment, and its reacticn with the surface. The emphasis, hcwever, shculd be given to' the problem under which the surface is discussed. In this way, the basic questicn can be answered as to' whethe. r a surface is twc-dimensicnal cr whether it has depth and is, therefcre, three -dimensicnal. This vclume ccnsists cf a ccmpilaticn cf ten papers, tcgether with discussicns, presented at the 1964 Sympcsium. In the first chapter, H. C. Gatcs (Massachusetts Institute cf Technclcgy) dis cusses the structure and electrcnic ccnfiguraticn cf crystalline surfaces. He ccvers three different aspects cf surfaces-their chemical behavicr, their structural prQperties, and their electrQnic prQperties. With respect to' chemical behaviQr, the interrelatiQn ship between unsaturated bonds and lattice ccnfiguratiQn is Qf prime impQrtance. In a diamQnd cubic cQnfiguratiQn, as was shQwn in a mQdel, the degree Qf unsaturatiQn cr, in Qther wQrds, the density cf free bonds varies with the respective crystalline surface.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -wcrd than surface because-unless the sclid is suspended in a vacuum-it is in ccntact with a gas, a liquid, cr ancther sclid, and it is the interface between the sclid and the cther body which is the fccus cf interest in surface phencmena). The literature dces nct ccntain any useful definiticn cf this term. The term surface cr interface can be defined cnly if cne ccnsiders the characteristics cf the bulk material, the ccnditicn cf the surface under discussicn, the envircnment, and its reacticn with the surface. The emphasis, hcwever, shculd be given to' the problem under which the surface is discussed. In this way, the basic questicn can be answered as to' whethe. r a surface is twc-dimensicnal cr whether it has depth and is, therefcre, three -dimensicnal. This vclume ccnsists cf a ccmpilaticn cf ten papers, tcgether with discussicns, presented at the 1964 Sympcsium. In the first chapter, H. C. Gatcs (Massachusetts Institute cf Technclcgy) dis cusses the structure and electrcnic ccnfiguraticn cf crystalline surfaces. He ccvers three different aspects cf surfaces-their chemical behavicr, their structural prQperties, and their electrQnic prQperties. With respect to' chemical behaviQr, the interrelatiQn ship between unsaturated bonds and lattice ccnfiguratiQn is Qf prime impQrtance. In a diamQnd cubic cQnfiguratiQn, as was shQwn in a mQdel, the degree Qf unsaturatiQn cr, in Qther wQrds, the density cf free bonds varies with the respective crystalline surface. 224 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The decade of the 1990s offers a chance to build a new and better international order. What policy choices will this decade pose for the United States This wide-ranging volume of essays imaginatively addresses these crucial issues. The peaceful revolutions of 1989-1990 in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have swept away the foundations of the Cold War. The Eastern European nations are free; Europe is no longer divided; Germany is united. The Soviet threat to Western Europe is ending with the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and the withdrawals and asymmetrical cuts of Soviet forces. And U.S.-Soviet rivalry in the Third World is giving way to cooperation in handling conflicts, as in Iraq and elsewhere. Much, of course, remains uncertain and unsettled. What sort of Soviet Union will emerge from the ongoing turmoil, with what political and economic system and what state structure How far and how soon will the Eastern Euro pean states succeed in developing pluralist democracies and market economies Are the changes irreversible Certainly there will be turmoil, backsliding, and failures, but a return to the Cold War hardly seems likely. 288 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Since 1965 the Nobel Foundation sponsors, through grants from the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Fund, Sym posia on subjects which are considered to be of central scientific importance and for which new results of a special interest have been reached. The aim of these Symposia is to bring together, by personal invitation, a limited number of leading scientists from various countries to discuss the current research situation within the field and to define the most urgent problems to be solved. One of the most important fields in modern biome dical research concerns the structure and function of biological membranes. Research on this subject is very active and important scientific contributions appear at an increasing rate. It was therefore considered highly appropriate to devote Nobel Symposium 34 to the struc ture of membranes in order to get an expert summary of what is now known in the field. The Symposium was held at Hotel Billingehus in Skovde (about 150 km from Goteborg), Sweden, from June 7 to 11, 1976. In addition to the grant from the Nobel Foundation financial support was received from the No bel Institute of Chemistry of the Royal Academy of Sciences and from the Science Fund of Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren. The Symposium was attended by some 50 scientists. The papers in this Volume had been distributed in ad vance to all partiCipants. Therefore only summary pre sentations needed be given at the Symposium and the main emphasis was put on discussions. 596 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Radioactive tracers have had a profound impact on scientific research during the past twenty years, particularly in bio chemistry and allied fields. The rapid evolution of sophisticated instrumentation and labeling techniques during the past ten years has made possible on a routine basis exquisitly sensitive experiments which with other techniques would require her culean efforts on the part of the investigator. The Symposia on Advances in Tracer Methodology, which have been held regularly since 1957, provide for research workers in biochemistry, pharmacology, endocrinology, and medicine a focus on the numerous developments in the tracer field that are usually scattered throughout the scientific literature. Volume 3 is arecord of the proceedings of the Ninth and Tenth Symposia, which were sponsored by the New England Nuclear Corporation and the Packard Instrument Company, Inc. Recent advances in tracer methodology, as reflected by the papers in this volume, have been mainly concerned with im proved analytical techniques, such as liquid scintillation count ing, autoradiography, and chromatography, and with novel ap plications of labeled compounds in biochemical and clinical problems. 348 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The book we are presenting to American and other English speaking readers is a review of the work on the electron struc ture of elements, alloys, and compounds, which was started back in the fifties. This work gradually grew into a system of ideas on the electron structure of condensed matter which is now known as the configurational model. This model is based on the assumption of the preferential formation of the most stable configurations of the localized va lence electrons in condensed matter. The existence of these stable configurations and the exchange of electrons with the de localized (collective-state) subsystem determines those prop erties which are related to the electron structure. The conclu sions which can be drawn from the applications of the configura tional model are only qualitative but they explain quite clearly the nature of various properties of condensed matter, and they are helpful in the search for materials with specified properties. The American edition has been corrected and supplemented in many minor respects. Moreover, the opportunity was taken to revise thoroughly the section on the fundamentals of the configura tional model in the light of the latest theoretical developments. other parts of the book have been shortened to eliminate material which is not of fundamental significance or has not yet been de veloped sufficiently fully. 304 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Ten years ago the Sunnner Institute on 'Trends in Particle The ory' was held in Bonn. Among other subj ects J. Wess spoke on his work wi th B. ZlDllino on 'Fermi - Bose-Supersymmetry'. In the meantime this subject has developed into one of the most exciting fields of research and the Bonn Summer Institute (August 20 - August 31 1984) was devoted exclusively to supersymmetry. The main aim of the Summer Institute was to provide a compre hensive introduction for mainly young post-doctoral theoretical physicists to the currently most discussed subjects in supersynnne try and supergravity. The intention was to emphasize the pedagogi cal presentation. The seminars given in addition to the introduc tory lectures treat more specialized subjects and are closer to research reports. Since the topics, ranging fromalgebraic structures to experimental implications do not arrange easily in a one-dimension al array, the lectures are reproduced in alphabetic order of the lec turers. The Summer Institute was made possible by the NATO Advanced Study Programme, additional support was granted by the Bundesmi nisterium für Forschung und Technologie and the Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung of Nordrhein-Westfalen. We gratefully acknowledge their cooperation. It is a pleasure to thank the lecturers and seminar speakers for the effort invested in the presentation of the lectures and in their collaboration in preparing the written notes. 720 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -For well over a decade, the numerical approach to field computation has been gaining progressively greater importance. Analytical methods of field compu tation are, at best, unable to accommodate the very wide variety of configura tions in which fields must be computed. On the other hand, numerical methods can accommodate many practical configurations that analytical methods cannot. With the advent of high-speed digital computers, numerical field computations have finally become practical. However, in order to implement numerical methods of field computation, we need algorithms, numerical methods, and mathematical tools that are largely quite different from those that have been traditionally used with analytical methods. Many of these algorithms have, in fact, been presented in the large number of papers that have been published on this subject in the last two decades. And to some of those who are already experienced in the art of numerical field computations, these papers, in addition to their own original work, are enough to give them the knowledge that they need to perform practical numerical field computations. 240 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -As society has become increasingly aware of the potential threats to human health due to exposures to toxic chemicals in the environment and the workplace and in consumer products, it has placed increased demands upon the still-fledgling science of toxicology. As is often the case when science is called upon to supply firm answers when pertinent information and fundamental knowledge are lack ing, both the scientific and the social issues become confused and new tensions develop. One of the major purposes of this book is to focus on those aspects of the science of toxicology that pertain most to social issues-namely, analysis of risk for purposes of human health protection. Although it is apparent that the discipline of toxicology is not yet prepared to provide firm answers to many questions concerning human risk, it is important that the rigorously derived information be used in the most objective and logical way to yield the closest approximation to the truth. This book is designed to sup ply as much guidance for such tasks as is permitted by the current state of our knowledge. Its emphasis is thus placed on interpretation of toxicity data (broadly defined) for assessing risks to human health. In this way, it differs from other basic toxicology texts, most of which emphasize methods for performing studies or describe various toxicological endpoints and classes of toxic agents. 460 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Fish and marine invertebrates are important sources of nutrients for the world's population, and many species have exceptionally high market value because of their exquisite sensory properties. Both the utilization of the available catch in different forms and the market price are affected by the quality of the fish. Proteins and nonprotein nitroge nous compounds playa crucial role in the nutritional value and sensory quality of seafoods as well as in the suitability of different species to various forms of processing, preservation, and use in other branches of the food industry. This role of proteins results from their basic chemical and biochemical properties and functions in different tissues. A presenta tion of the actual state of knowledge on seafood nitrogenous compounds in one volume may contribute to a better understanding of the involve ment of these components in all stages of handling and processing fish. It has been possible to prepare this text thanks to the cooperative effort of an international group of specialists. The editors of the book are greatly indebted to all colleagues who have willingly contributed to this volume, sharing their knowledge and experience, as well as to all persons who have granted permission to use their previously published materials. viii Preface ix A large part of the book has been prepared during my sabbatical in the Department of Marine Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU) in Keelung, Taiwan. 248 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -After the IUTAM Symposium on Optimization in Structural Design held in Warsaw in 1973, it was clear to me that the time had come for organizing into a consistent body of thought the enormous quantity of results obtained in this domain, studied from so many different points of view, with so many different methods, and at so many levels of practical applicability. My colleague and friend Gianantonnio Sacchi from Milan and I met with Professor Prager in Savognin in July 1974, where I submitted to them my first ideas for a treatise on structural optimization: It should cover the whole domain from basic theory to practical applications, and deal with various materials, various types of structures, various functions required of the structures, and various types of cost . . Obviously, this was to be a team effort, to total three or four volumes, to be written in a balanced manner as textbooks and handbooks. Nothing similar existed at that time, and, indeed, nothing has been published to date. Professor Prager was immedi ately in favor of such a project. He agreed to write a first part on optimality criteria with me and to help me in the general organization of the series. Since Professor Sacchi was willing to write the text on variational methods, it remained to find authors for parts on the mathematical programming approach to structural optimization (and, more generally, on numerical methods) and on practical optimal design procedures in metal and concrete. 348 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This publication is the Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on the Dynamics of Polyatomic Van der Waals Molecules held at the Chateau de Bonas, Castera-Verduzan, France, from August 21 through August 26, 1989. Van der Waals complexes provide important model problems for understanding energy transfer and dissipation. These processes can be described in great detail for Van der Waals complexes, and the insight gained from such studies can be applied to more complicated chemical problems that are not amenable to detailed study. The workshop concentrated on the current questions and future prospects for extend ing our highly detailed knowledge of triatomic Van der Waals molecule dynamics to polyatomic molecules and clusters (one molecule surrounded by several, or up to sev eral tens of, atoms). Both experimental and theoretical studies were discussed, with particular emphasis on the dynamical behavior of dissociation as observed in the dis tributions of quantum states of the dissociation product molecules. The discussion of theoretical approaches covered the range from complete ab initio studies with a rig orous quantum mechanical treatment of the dynamics to the empirical determination of potential energy surfaces and a classical mechanical treatment of the dynamics. Time independent, time dependent and statistical approaches were considered. The workshop brought together experts from different fields which, we hope, benefited from their mutual interaction around the central theme of the Dynamics of Van der Waals complexes. 556 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In its classical sense 'epigenesis' refers to all geological processes originating at or near the surface of the earth. It thus embraces all those phenomena which we associate with the land scape; Perel'man has already written extensively on this subject. The landscape, in the physical sense, is controlled by the interac tion of exogenic and endogenic agencies-on the one hand, the atmo sphere, the wind, the rain, and other components of the weather, the forces of running water and the planetary controls of gravitational and tidal nature; and on the other hand the materials of the earth's crust, from sediments to metamorphic rocks and igneous materials from deep endogenic sources. In practical terms the epigene region involves the products of weathering, the soils, the transported material, the colluvium of hillsides, and the alluvium of stream valleys. It involves those landforms that are products of the erosional sculpturing of the landscape, as well as those that result from accumulation, such as glacial moraines and desert sand dunes. The science of geomor phology is gradually beginning to evolve from a passive cataloging of scenery and its deduced causes (in the Davisian sense) into a vigorous study of dynamic processes. These are partly geophysical, in the sense of hydraulics and mechanical studies, and partly geo chemical. 284 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In working with graduate students in engineering physics at the University of Virginia on research problems in gas kinetics, radiation biology, ion materials interactions, and upper-atmosphere chemistry, it became quite apparent that there was no satisfactory text available to these students on atomic and molecular collisions. For graduate students in physics and quantum chemistry and researchers in atomic and molecular interactions there are a large number of excellent advanced texts. However, for students in applied science, who require some knowledge and understanding of col lision phenomena, such texts are of little use. These students often have some background in modern physics and/or chemistry but lack graduate level course work in quantum mechanics. Such students, however, tend to have a good intuitive grasp of classical mechanics and have been exposed to wave phenomena in some form (e. g. , electricity and magnetism, acoustics, etc. ). Further, their requirements in using collision processes and employing models do not generally include the use of formal scattering theory, a large fraction of the content of many advanced texts. In fact, most researchers who work in the area of atomic and molecular collisions tend to pride themselves on their ability to describe results using simple theoretical models based on classical and semiclassical methods. 308 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The analytical chemist is in the forefront of the race to use computers in laboratory work. The modern laboratory has a large number of instruments churning out information, and mechanized procedures for handling the huge amount of data are imperative. The marriage of instruments and computers is offered as a way of easing the burden on the scientist, as well as optimiz ing the performance of the analytical instruments. Computer systems can be applied to all the major analytical instrument procedures, and many of the leading instrument manufacturers are developing and producing systems for use in the laboratory, both for data acquisition and for control purposes. It is, therefore, timely that the session on computers in analytical chem istry of the Eastern Analytical Symposium, held in November 1968, be published in this series, which has as its aim progress in analytical chemistry. The contents are wide-ranging and include applications to mass spectrometry, X-ray spectrography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chroma tography, infrared spectrography, the use of dedicated computers, and the multiple user laboratory. Thanks are due to the authors of the papers and to the session chairmen for their efforts in the production of this very worthwhile addition to the series. 120 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Behavioral toxicology is a young discipline in the United States; so young, in fact, that this is one of its first books. Behavioral questions are bound to play a major role in future scientific work and governmental decisions involving the health effects of environmental contaminants and other chemicals. This role springs from two key problems that face scientists and public agencies required to set acceptable exposure standards or to determine criteria for the toxicity of therapeutic chemicals: How do you evaluate effects that may show up only as subtle functional disturbances And how do you de tect toxic effects early enough so that they may still be reversible, before they produce major damage The contributions in this book come from a collection of scientists whose interests span a wide variety of problem areas. The focus is largely on me thodological issues because they represent the most immediate concern of the discipline. We expect that this collection of papers will represent a useful source book for behavioral toxicology for some time. For the past few years, the University of Rochester's Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics has sponsored a series of international conferences on chemical toxicity, partly as a response to concern over the con sequences to health of the rich chemical soup in which we live. This book is based upon presentations made to the fifth of the series. Held in June, 1972, it was the first formal meeting devoted to behavioral toxicology in this country. 492 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Due to the ever increasing interest in the use of non-invasive ultrasonic methods in medical diagnostics on the one hand and the specific effects of ultrasound in medical therapy on the other, the questions of safety and optimal applications are topical and of great importance. For this reason the symposium 'Ultrasound Interaction in Biology and Medicine,' initiated and supported by the 'International Organization of Medical Physics,' took place. The organizers were the Institute of Applied Biophysics of the Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale), German Democratic Republic, in association with the Society for Physical and Mathematical Biology of the GDR along with other scientific organizations. Renowned and internationally noted specialists in the field of ultrasonics reported on the latest findings regarding the biological interaction of ultrasound, which promised future improvements in the methods of ultrasonic diagnostics and gave and up-to-date insight into the biological effectiveness of ultrasound. We are pleased to be able to publish selected contributions to this symposium collected in one volume. The methods of investigation, theoretical considerations and results concerning the interaction of ultrasound on molecular, cellular and system levels contained herein will remain up-to-date for a long time to come, providing thought provoking material for further inter-disciplinary basic research and medical application. 232 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Structure analysis is based on the phenomena of the diffraction of radia tion by materials. In the first ten to twenty years after Laue's discovery, a very complete theory was developed for the diffraction of x-rays and, later, of electrons. This theory led to equations by means of which it was possible to compute the intensity pattern for a given structure. The theory of structure analysis came to mean that of the diffraction of radiation. In 1935, Patterson pointed out a way leading to the solution of the inverse problem: the finding of the structure from a given intensity distribution pattern. At first the conservatism of researchers, and then the war, hampered the de velopment and broad application of the ideas set forth in this work. It was only during the last ten years that all the rich possibilities of the Patterson method - the method of the analysis of the convolution of the electron density - were brought to light and applied in practice. 288 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Helene Harris Memorial Trust has become recognized as providing one of the most important international fora for the presentation of research in ovarian cancer. Four biennial meetings have taken place, the most recent of which was held between May 11-14, 1993, in Toronto, Canada. This forum has grown in stature from its inception in 1987 and has brought together interdisciplinary clinical and scientific researchers from around the world who are endeavouring to perform 'cutting edge' studies in the field. The assembled group of presti gious investigators met on this occasion to present their data, to exchange ideas, and to arrange collaborations with the goal of developing new means of detection, treatment and cure of ovarian cancer. The incentive for the establishment of the Trust and its international forum was the prema ture loss through ovarian cancer of Helene Harris, the wife of Mr John Harris. Mr Harris and the Trustees looked for a meaningful way to honour the memory of Helene and to advance the noble cause of gaining an increase in the scientific knowledge of the subject. For those of us who spend most of our waking hours assisting patients and their families who are devastated by this disease, the Trust's generosity provides inspiration, hope and the opportunity for their practical application in a unique professional forum. 412 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -As was the case in the two preceding workshops of 1969 and 1971, the Third Workshop on 'Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena' held in 1973 was of international character. The main purpose was to review the advanced status of this particular and turbulent field of physics as it had developed vigorously in all major laboratories of the world since 1971. Due to recently accelerated advancements, it was hardly possible to present a com plete tutorial review; the subject is still in its premature stages and changing rapidly. A topical conference would have been too specific for a group of physicists with broad backgrounds working in the field or for those just about to enter it. It was the aim of the workshop and it is the aim of these proceedings to help this large group of scientists find their way within the highly complex and sometimes confusing results of a new field. We optimized the task of the workshop with extensive reviews on several topics and at the same time included more detailed infor mation for specialists. The differences in their conclusions were not a matter of contention but rather served to complement the advanced results. As in the preceding workshops, we directed our attention toward critical realism in respect to the complexity of the field. What is meant here is exemplified in the contribution by R. Sigel ~.667). 568 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The first volume of Evolutionary Biology was published twelve years ago. Since that time twelve volumes and one supplement have appeared. As stated in earlier prefaces, we are continuing the focus of this series on critical reviews, commentaries, original papers, and controversies in evolu tionary biology. It is our aim to publish papers primarily of greater length than normally published by society journals and quarterlies. We therefore invite colleagues to submit chapters that fall within the focus and standards of Evolutionary Biology. Manuscripts should be sent to anyone of the following: Max K. Hecht, Biology Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367; William C. Steere, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458; Bruce Wallace, Department of Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850. The Editors vii Contents 1. Apparent Changes in the Diversity of Fossil Plants: A Preliminary Assessment Karl J. Niklas, Bruce H. Tiffney, and Andrew H. Knoll Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Pros and Cons of Studying Plant Diversity Changes. . . . . . 6 The Concept of Species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . Choice of Taxonomic Rank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . Biasing Factors in the Fossil Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . The 'Human Factor' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . Biological Biases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Geological Biases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . Sources, Methods, and Analyses of ApparentDiversities. . . . . . . . 26 Statistical Computations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . Analysis of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . Geological Explanation of Residuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . Biological Explanation of Residuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 The Origin and Early Evolution of the Land Plants . . . . . . . . . . 39 The Evolution of Heterospory and the Seed Habit . . . . . . . . . . . 42 _ The Angiosperms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . Large-Scale Biological Interpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 . . . . . . 404 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The last decade has been marked by a rapid growth in statistical mechanics, especially in connection with the physics and chemistry of the fluid state. Our understanding in these areas has been considerably advanced and enriched by the discovery of new techniques and the sharpening of old techniques, ranging all the way from computer simulation to mode-mode coupling theories. Statistical mechanics brings together under one roof a broad spectrum of mathematical techniques. The aim of these volumes is to provide a didactic treatment of those techniques that are most useful for the study of problems of current interest to theoretical chemists. The emphasis throughout is on the techniques themselves and not on reviewing the enormous literature in statistical mechanics. Each author was charged with the following task. Given N pages, (a) pose the problem, (b) present those aspects of the particular technique that clearly illustrate its internal workings, (c) apply the technique to the solution of several illustrative examples, and (d) write the chapter so that it will enable the reader to approach key citations to the literature intelligently. These volumes are designed for graduate students and research workers in statistical mechanics. Nevertheless, because of the range of techniques and their general utility, they should be useful in other areas as well. 264 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume, the sixth in the series 'The Prostaglandin System' assembles most of the lecture notes from the International School of Pharmacology on 'Prostanoids and Drugs' that took place in Erice, Sicily, at the 'Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture' on Sept 5-15, 1989. The course, which was a NATO Advanced Study Institute, comprised detailed discussion of basic metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid as well as their location in the everyday practice of clinical medicine. The current status of our knowledge on drugs affecting prostanoid metabolic pathways, and/or their functinal effects, together with the use of prostanoids as drugs, has been reviewed in depth by distinguished experts. In certain instances a few chapters might overlap with others to present divergent viewpoints of authors, for a better assessment of the complexity of eicosanoid biology. It is likely that as our knowledge of prostanoids in different diseases increases, new diseases may also be targets for drugs related to these lipid mediators. We hope that this boo~will encourage basic scientists and clinicians to pursue additional biomedical investigations along these lines of inquiry. Moreover we would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to all the invited speakers not only for their important contributions before and during the course but also for their ability in creating an atmosphere in which all questions were legitimate and all lines of investigations were encouraged. 276 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A real need exists for ways to bridge the gap between basic research and prac tical application, for faster utilization of new discoveries and new developments in the world of technology, and for technical transfer of defense and space accomplish ments to the civilian economy. The problem is compounded by the torrential flow of technical information. Thirty million books are available on technical subjects, the total increasing at the rate of six hundred every day. There are one hundred thousand technical journals. More scientific work has been published in the past ten years than in all preceding recorded history. Scientists and engineers only a few years beyond academic pursuits are already encountering a continuing need for retraining and expansion of their own knowledge. At the same time, the re searchers - scientists, engineers, students - must exhibit bold creative thinking to evolve new technology, to better understand nature's secrets, to conceive new theories, and to reduce old theories to practical utilization. Research in the physical sciences and the engineering sciences provides the ever-flowing spring of knowledge for the investigation of new ideas. Such research is sometimes hindered by classification as 'basic' or 'applied. ' There are many times when a research program has no immediate or ultimate objective and is truly contributing to our reservoir of knowledge - a reservoir which will certainly be tapped in the future. 492 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book has grown out of our shared experience in the development of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), based on the electron-positron storage ring SPEAR at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) starting in Summer, 1973. The immense potential of the photon beam from SPEAR became obvious as soon as experiments using the beam started to run in May, 1974. The rapid growth of interest in using the beam since that time and the growth of other facilities using high-energy storage rings (see Chapters 1 and 3) demonstrates how the users of this source of radiation are finding applications in an increasingly wide variety of fields of science and technology. In assembling the list of authors for this book, we have tried to cover as many of the applications of synchrotron radiation, both realized already or in the process of realization, as we can. Inevitably, there are omissions both through lack of space and because many projects are at an early stage. We thank the authors for their efforts and cooperation in producing what we believe is the most comprehensive treatment of synchrotron radiation research to date. 776 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In this NATO-sponsored Advanced Research Workshop we succeeded in bringing together approximately forty scientists working in the three main areas of structurally incommensurate materials: incommensurate crystals (primarily ferroelectric insulators), incommensurate liquid crystals, and metallic quasi-crystals. Although these three classes of materials are quite distinct, the commonality of the physics of the origin and descrip tion of these incommensurate structures is striking and evident in these proceedings. A measure of the success of this conference was the degree to which interaction among the three subgroups occurred; this was facili tated by approximately equal amounts of theory and experiment in the papers presented. We thank the University of Colorado for providing pleasant housing and conference facilities at a modest cost, and we are especially grate ful to Ann Underwood, who retyped all the manuscripts into camera-ready form. J. F. Scott Boulder, Colorado N. A. Clark v CONTENTS PART I: INCOMMENSURATE CRYSTALS A. Theory A PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF THE TRANSITION SEQUENCE INCLUDING AN INCOMMENSURATE (COMMENSURATE) PHASE SANDWICHED BY REENTRANT COMMENSURATE (INCOMMENSURATE) PHASE - Yoshihiro Ishibashi . . . . . 1 DAUPHINE-TWIN DOMAIN CONFIGURATIONS IN QUARTZ AND ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE - M. B. Wa lker . . . . . . . . . . 9 ELASTIC AND INELASTIC SCATTERING FROM QUASI-PERIODIC STRUCTURES - T. Janssen and R. Currat . . . . . 19 ARE EXOTIC CONSEQUENCES OF INCOMMENSURABILITY IN SOLIDS EXPERIMENTALLY OBSERVABLE - J. B. Sokoloff. 35 B. Theory - Numerical l1ethods THE APPLICATION OF AXIAL ISING MODELS TO THE DESCRIPTION OF MODULATED ORDER - Julia Yeomans . . 45 TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF COMMENSURATE-INCOMMENSURATE PHASE TRANSITIONS - Palll D. Beale . . . 380 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Like many genetic engineers, I have recently been receiving the atten tion of various venture capital companies, international drug houses and Members of Parliament. I will not discuss which of these approaches are most welcome, but it did cause me to consider the speed of advance in genetic engineering, and the implications of this rapid growth. There were few who anticipated it - only five years ago, most scientists thought applications would come at the end of the century, yet we see products such as insulin and interferon already available for clinical testing. In Europe in general and Britain in particular, this explosive growth in our own field has coincided with a general industrial depression and a marked reduction in funding for biomedical research. The brain drain from Britain is a serious matter, for we are losing the best of our younger scientists, on whom we would rely to train the next generation of molecular biologists. These volumes have come from British labs (mostly because I happen to be based in London, and my contacts and friends are here), and I feel that the quality of the con tributions also shows that our current research is of a high standard. 188 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Ten years ago, at the International Botanical Congress in Edinburgh, a group of us from various countries discussed the difficulty of pursuing academic problems in depth at such meetings. In particular, we were discouraged at the poverty of time for phloem transport. From long association, we were conscious of the extraordinary breadth of the problem, from developmental through anatomical, to biophysical and physiological. Only by a reasonable understanding of all these components could one hope to come to some kind of understanding. We decided to establish common plant material so that data would have a common source. Similarly, we resolved to exchange information by circulating pre-publication manuscripts. For awhile, after the meeting was a pleasant memory, the plan seemed to be working; but, as is so often the case, human infirmities and foibles played early and, subsequently, predominant roles. Some became administrators (a punishment for good behaviour); others concentrated on alternative rings in their academic circuses. The next Congress (in Seattle) proved similar to its predecessor in its neglect and, consequently, succor was sought elsewhere. A little known, but remarkably understanding group becoming visible was the Science Committee and the Division of Scientific Affairs of N. A. T. O. Its sponsorship of Advanced Study Institutes including phytochemistry and phytophysics, was unusual both in the generosity of its funding and in the requirements for academic quality. 648 pp. Englisch. …

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -During the forty years which have passed since Masuzo Shikata published his paper on the reduction of nitrobenzene at a dropping mercury electrode, the number of polarographic studies of organic compounds in the literature has risen to several thousands. The ever increasing amount of experimental data was in need of some unified method of classification which would yield unambiguous and possibly complete information on the polarographic behavior of organic substances. Dr. Zuman's book presents an original attempt to meet this need by providing a system based on correlations between the polaro graphic half-wave potentials of organic depolarizers and their Hammett constants. I consider this a very happy conception, for, more than any other book yet written, it brings polarography nearer to the organic chemist; and it will undoubtedly convince him that, in its application to his subject, the method is more than a mere analytical tool. The author hardly needs any introduction. During many years of research in the field of organic polarography, he has published numerous papers on a variety of problems; his latest interest is the application of the Hammett-Taft equation to polarographic measure ments, in which he has done pioneering work. It remains for me to hope that this book, which opens up new prospects for the fruitful application of polarography, may inspire vii viii Foreword some reader with useful ideas in his search for new paths in his research problems. 404 pp. Englisch.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume is the second in a series of publications sponsored by the Biomedical Simulations Resource (BMSR) at the University of Southern California that report on recent research developments in the area of physiological systems modeling and anal ysis of physiological signals. As in the first volume of this series, the work reported herein is concerned with the development of advanced methodologies and their novel application to problems of biomedical interest, with emphasis on nonlinear aspects of physiological function. The term 'advanced methodologies' is used to indicate that the scope of this work extends beyond the ordinary type of analysis used by most investigators in this area, which is confined primarily in the linear domain. As the im portance of nonlinearities in understanding the complex mechanisms of physiological function is increasingly recognized, the need for effective and practical methodolo gies that address the issue of nonlinear dynamics in life sciences becomes more and more pressing. The publication of these volumes and the workshops, organized by the BMSR on the same subject, are two key activities in our efforts to promote and intensify research in this area, foster interaction and collaboration among interested investigators, and disseminate recent results throughout the biomedical community. 316 pp. Englisch.…