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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Evolutionary Biology, of which this is the twenty-second volume, continues to offer its readers a wide range of original articles, reviews, and commentaries on evolution, in the broadest sense of that term. The topics of the reviews range from anthropology, molecular evolution, and paleobiology to principles of systematics. In recent volumes, a broad spectrum of articles have appeared on such subjects as asymmetric sexual isolation, biochemical systematics in plants, species selection, DNA hybridization and phylogenetics, modes of evolution in Pleistocene rodents, and development and evolution of the vertebrate limb. We have also attempted to provide a forum for con flicting ideas. Articles such as these, often too long for standard journals, are the material for Evolutionary Biology. The editors continue to solicit manuscripts on an international scale in an effort to see that everyone ofthe many facets of biological evolution is covered. Manuscripts should be sent to anyone of the following: Max K. Hecht, Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367; Bruce Wallace, Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacks burg, Virginia 24061; GhilleanT. Prance, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458. The Editors vii Contents 1. Phylogeny of Early Vertebrate Skeletal Induction and Ossification Patterns . 1 John G. Maisey Introduction: The Fossil Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 1 The Molecular Basis of HLA-Disease Association.- Function and Nomenclature.- Genomic Organization.- Class II Sequence Polymorphism.- Structural Consideration.- HLA and Disease.- Hybrid Molecules and Transassociation.- Disease-Associated Class II Sequences.- Mechanisms of Class II-Mediated Disease Susceptibility.- References.- 2 Chromosome Instability Syndromes.- Clinical Descriptions.- Cytogenetic Findings.- Heterogeneity and Complementation.- Heterozygote Detection.- Prenatal Diagnosis.- Molecular Considerations.- Conclusion.- References.- 3 Lacticacidemia: Biochemical, Clinical, and Genetic Considerations.- The Biochemical Basis of Lacticacidemia.- Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency.- Respiratory Chain Defects.- The Genetics of Lacticacidemia.- References.- 4 A Comprehensive and Critical Assessment of Overgrowth and Overgrowth Syndromes.- Infants of Diabetic Mothers.- Infant Giants.- Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome.- Hemihyperplasia (Hemihypertrophy).- Sotos Syndrome.- Nevo Syndrome.- Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome.- Weaver Syndrome.- Marshall-Smith Syndrome.- Elejalde Syndrome.- Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome.- Proteus Syndrome.- Miscellaneous Conditions with Overgrowth.- References.- 5 Genetics of Growth Hormone and Its Disorders.- Human Growth Hormone and Related Hormones.- Human Growth Hormone Gene Cluster.- Genetic Disorders of hGH and hCSH Synthesis or Action.- Recombinant hGH.- Future Studies on hGH and Related Genes.- References.- Addenda.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The relationship of theoretical and applied linguistics has lately prompted numer ous debates. This volume originated at one of them. The essence of most of the chapters, of all of them except Fraser's and Davies's, was actually presented at the Round Table on 'The Relationships of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics,' organized during the 7th World Congress of Applied Linguistics, held in Brus sels, in August 1984. Individually and collectively the chapters assembled here offer support to the idea that applied linguistics should not be juxtaposed to theoretical linguistics; it is a field of research with theoretical as well as applied aspects. Written by different authors from a wide variety of different countries, the chapters may at times express views that are not totally consistent. Nevertheless, we believe that the variability of viewpoints counts among the merits (rather than the defaults) of this internationally written and edited volume. It is our hope that it will prove stimulating to linguists and practitioners in related fields and instructive to students. We wish to express our thanks to Albert Valdman for the interest he has shown in the volume and to record our appreciation to our editors, in particular Eliot Werner and Declan Scully, for their tolerance and patience.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The broad aim of this series is to work toward 'an integrated view of the cell. ' It is perhaps fitting that this tenth volume, corresponding to roughly a decade of endeavor in this direction, should cover a wide range of topics from appar ently disparate subject areas and yet reveal a strong underlying unity of approach in each topic. The unifying element is the remarkable extent to which diverse biological processes can now be described (even if not fully explained) in terms of fundamental molecular biology. Chapter 1, by R. Douce, M. A Block, A-J. Dome, and J. Joyard, surveys the great advances that have been made in our understanding of the properties, functions, and biogenesis of plastid envelope membranes. In Chapter 2, G. A Peschek deals in a most comprehensive way with respiratory membranes of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae); his article fills a gap in the literature in a subject that is now attracting increasing attention. R. Sentandreu, E. Herrero, J. P. Martinez-Garcia, and G. Larriba then describe in Chapter 3 the impor tant advances that have been made in our understanding of the structure and biogenesis of the yeast cell wall. B. B. Biswas, B. Ghosh, and A L. Majumder deal in Chapter 4 with a generally neglected area, namely, the role of myo inositol polyphosphates in metabolism. They propose an interesting metabolic cycle involving glucose-6-phosphate and myo-inositol phosphates; this cycle may well be of general importance in many cell types. In Chapter 5, P. S.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Human service programming has been the focus of much public scrutiny, legislative action, and applied research in recent years. As a result, human service providers have learned to exhibit greater respect for the needs and legal rights of their consumers, the appropriateness and cost effectiveness of treatment procedures and service programs, and the per sonnel and facilities involved in providing services to consumers. Despite this encouraging trend, many human service agencies are still trying unsuccessfully to meet the two fundamental criteria of effec tive programming: (1) providing services that are effective in meeting the needs of the consumer and (2) equipping consumers to function indepen dently of the human service system to the extent possible. For example, there appears to be a general acceptance of the notion that custodial institutional service programs are needed, despite the fact that they are ineffective in rehabilitating and transitioning clients to the community and that they are difficult to change. In addition, although community based service programs have been developed as alternatives to institu tional placement, there is rarely sufficient transitional planning and pro gramming to facilitate the client's progress from the institution to the community. Although these problems generally are acknowledged, most human service managers and practitioners are ill equipped to deal with them. Specifically, the technology of human service management is in need of improvement. It is more theoretical than practical, and it lacks sufficient field testing and empirical validation.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of a particular malignancy The few general oncology textbooks are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good indepth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Unfortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes which aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, easily available on a single library shelf or by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion. First, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdivisions such as lung cancer, genitour inary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc. Second, by asking eminent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Plasma cell dyscrasias are common causes of peripheral neuropathy. Peri pheral neuropathy may be the first manifestation of multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Peripheral neuropathy occurs in more than one-half of patients with osteosclerotic myeloma. The hematologic disorders are such an important association with peripheral polyneuropathy that, for the last decade, we have obtained a metastatic bone survey and immunoelectrophoresis of serum and a 24-hour urine specimen on all patients older than 40 years with undiagnosed peripheral neuropathy. This textbook on polyneuropathies and plasma cell dyscrasia is welcome, because the subject is of considerable medical importance and because the authors are expert in these disorders. Kelly's studies have shown that a systematic search for monoclonal proteins in plasma and urine among patients with neuropathy of unknown cause increases diagnostic yield. Latov's studies have focused on the role of myelin associated glycoproteins (MAG) in the induction of neuropathy. Kyle, director of the Special Protein Laboratory at Mayo Clinic, brings a broad clinical and laboratory perspective and experi ence. The timing of the textbook is just right, because there is much new information which needs to be summarized.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer is a multi-volume series that will focus on an emerging area of cancer research. In 1968, R.H. Williams first reported that elevated prostaglandin levels are present in human medullary car cinoma. Since that time, the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites may be in volved in cancer has expanded to include every aspect of the disease from cell transformation through metastasis. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are generic terms used to describe a family of bioactive lipids produced from unsaturated fatty acids (principally from arachidonic acid) via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, respec tively. Cyclooxygenase products consist of diverse products such as prosta glandin E2 (POE ), prostacyclin (POI ) and thromboxane A2 (TXA ), whereas 2 2 2 lipoxygenase products consist of hydroperoxy fatty acids and mono-, di- and tri-hydroxy acids including leukotrienes. The precursor fatty acids for the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are present in cellular phospholipids. This finding established an important control point in their biosynthesis-the release of substrate. This occurs in response to numerous stimuli that act at the cell surface. Dr. Bengl Samuelsson's extensive study of the metabolism of pros taglandins indicated that they are rapidly inactivated on a single pass through pulmonary circulation. Thus, they cannot act as circulating hormones and appear to be made on demand in or in the vicinity of target tissues leading to the concept that prostaglandins are local hormones or autocoids.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Only two decades ago most electronic circuits were designed with a slide-rule, and the designs were verified using breadboard techniques. Simulation tools were a research curiosity and in general were mistrusted by most designers and test engineers. In those days the programs were not user friendly, models were inadequate, and the algorithms were not very robust. The demand for simulation tools has been driven by the increasing complexity of integrated circuits and systems, and it has been aided by the rapid decrease in the cost of com puting that has occurred over the past several decades. Today a wide range of tools exist for analYSiS, deSign, and verification, and expert systems and synthesis tools are rapidly emerging. In this book only one aspect of the analysis and design process is examined. but it is a very important aspect that has received much attention over the years. It is the problem of accurate circuit and timing simulation.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In August, 1976 the research seminar 'Decision-making in business' was organized at Nijenrode, The Netherlands School of Business. More than fifty scientists and practitioners from nine countries presented research papers in one of the six discussion groups. Some of them also presented some of their ideas in front of a large mixed audience at a one-day symposium. Many of the papers presented at Nijenrode were of such a high quality that the decision to publish a selection of them was an easy one. At the same time the new series Nijenrode studies in business was initiated. All who were involved, the policy committee of the N ijenrode studies, the advisory and editorial board of the series, the publisher, and the organizing committee of the seminar and symposium, acclaimed the idea of publishing three volumes in the new series. A collection of eleven papers could be grouped under the title Trends in managerial andfinancial accounting. Another collection will be published as volume 2 of this series under the title TI'ends in financial decision-making, while volume 3 will consist of papers exploring the theme Trends in business ethics. The books are intended for those who are interested in new developments in the decision-making area. They are especially suitable for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses: volume 1 in managerial or financial accounting courses; volume 2 in courses on managerial finance, capital budgeting or decision making; and volume 3 in courses on business ethics or related fields.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The organization of data is clearly of great importance in the design of high performance algorithms and architectures. Although there are several landmark papers on this subject, no comprehensive treatment has appeared. This monograph is intended to fill that gap. We introduce a model of computation for parallel computer architec tures, by which we are able to express the intrinsic complexity of data or ganization for specific architectures. We apply this model of computation to several existing parallel computer architectures, e.g., the CDC 205 and CRAY vector-computers, and the MPP binary array processor. The study of data organization in parallel computations was introduced as early as 1970. During the development of the ILLIAC IV system there was a need for a theory of possible data arrangements in interleaved mem ory systems. The resulting theory dealt primarily with storage schemes also called skewing schemes for 2-dimensional matrices, i.e., mappings from a- dimensional array to a number of memory banks. By means of the model of computation we are able to apply the theory of skewing schemes to var ious kinds of parallel computer architectures. This results in a number of consequences for both the design of parallel computer architectures and for applications of parallel processing.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - I am indebted to my thesis advisor, Michael Genesereth, for his guidance, inspiration, and support which has made this research possible. As a teacher and a sounding board for new ideas, Mike was extremely helpful in pointing out Haws, and suggesting new directions to explore. I would also like to thank Harold Brown for introducing me to the application of artificial intelligence to reasoning about designs, and his many valuable comments as a reader of this thesis. Significant contribu tions by the other members of my reading committee, Mark Horowitz, and Allen Peterson have greatly improved the content and organization of this thesis by forcing me to communicate my ideas more clearly. I am extremely grateful to the other members of the Logic Group at the Heuristic Programming Project for being a sounding board for my ideas, and providing useful comments. In particular, I would like to thank Matt Ginsberg, Vineet Singh, Devika Subramanian, Richard Trietel, Dave Smith, Jock Mackinlay, and Glenn Kramer for their pointed criticisms. This research was supported by Schlumberger Palo Alto Research (previously Fairchild Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence). I am grateful to Peter Hart, the former head of the AI lab, and his successor Marty Tenenbaum for providing an excellent environment for performing this research.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The ability to learn from experience is a fundamental requirement for intelligence. One of the most basic characteristics of human intelligence is that people can learn from problem solving, so that they become more adept at solving problems in a given domain as they gain experience. This book investigates how computers may be programmed so that they too can learn from experience. Specifically, the aim is to take a very general, but inefficient, problem solving system and train it on a set of problems from a given domain, so that it can transform itself into a specialized, efficient problem solver for that domain. on a knowledge-intensive Recently there has been considerable progress made learning approach, explanation-based learning (EBL), that brings us closer to this possibility. As demonstrated in this book, EBL can be used to analyze a problem solving episode in order to acquire control knowledge. Control knowledge guides the problem solver's search by indicating the best alternatives to pursue at each choice point. An EBL system can produce domain specific control knowledge by explaining why the choices made during a problem solving episode were, or were not, appropriate.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book is an edited selection of the papers presented at the International Workshop on VLSI for Artiflcial Intelligence which was held at the University of Oxford in July 1988. Our thanks go to all the contributors and especially to the programme committee for all their hard work. Thanks are also due to the ACM-SIGARCH, the Alvey Directorate, the lEE and the IEEE Computer Society for publicising the event and to Oxford University for their active support. We are particularly grateful to David Cawley and Paula Appleby for coping with the administrative problems. Jose Delgado-Frias Will Moore October 1988 Programme Committee Igor Aleksander, Imperial College (UK) Yves Bekkers, IRISA/INRIA (France) Michael Brady, University of Oxford (UK) Jose Delgado-Frias, University of Oxford (UK) Steven Krueger, Texas Instruments Inc. (USA) Simon Lavington, University of Essex (UK) Will Moore, University of Oxford (UK) Philip Treleaven, University College London (UK) Benjamin Wah, University of Illinois (USA) Prologue Research on architectures dedicated to artificial intelligence (AI) processing has been increasing in recent years, since conventional data- or numerically-oriented architec tures are not able to provide the computational power and/or functionality required. For the time being these architectures have to be implemented in VLSI technology with its inherent constraints on speed, connectivity, fabrication yield and power. This in turn impacts on the effectiveness of the computer architecture.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - While this book is intended to be an introduction to the neuroanatomy of the limbic system and to studies of the behavior of animals in which the limbic system is stimulated or damaged, it is primarily intended for advanced students of brain-behavior relationships. I have assumed the reader to have some under standing of the structure of the brain, of basic neurophysiology, and of modern behavioral techniques. It has been written for students in graduate programs in psychobiology, physiological psychology, and the neurosciences, but it also should be of interest to some medical students and to others with catholic interests in the biology of behavior. In the first chapter, I review the structure of the limbic system and in subsequent chapters consider the behavioral effects of lesions and stimulation of components of the limbic system. Supplement information derived from recording the electrical signals of the brain is included where it seems appropriate. The final chapter presents a perspective of the limbic system related to brain stem mechanisms and the neocortex. Understanding the behavioral contributions of the limbic system presupposes under standing how the limbic system interacts with other systems of the brain. v Preface vi Even though there is only one chapter overtly devoted to theoretical issues. various biases of mine influence all chapters. Anyone reading the book with a critical attitude will soon be aware of them. I would like to alert the reader to some of them ahead of time.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - During the past three decades, the sugar moiety of complex carbohydrates has been found to be involved in important interactions of immunological specificity of antigens and to participate in a variety of cellular functions. The long polysaccharide side chains of the lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane of Gram negative organisms provide surface antigens for differential serodiagnosis. Bacterial surface lectins are important in mediating the attachment of bacteria to host cells in the of infectious diseases. The carbohydrate pathogenesis moieties of cell surface glycoconjugates (glycoproteins and glycolipids) of mammals are the sites for intercellular recognition and for the regulatory molecular interactions such as interaction of complex carbohydrate with hormones or hepatic lectins. The carbohydrate side chains of many complex carbohydrates play essential roles as antigenic determinants b of human blood group ABH, Lea, Le , I, and i activities, as the Forssman specific determinant, and as tumor associated antigenic determinants. Prompted by these and other advances in the field, a Symposium on Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates was organized as a satellite meeting of the 8th International Glycoconjugate Conference held on September 8- 13, 1985, in Houston, Texas, U. S . A. Many eminent scientists contributed their knowledge at this meeting. The lecture and poster materials of the symposium are contained in this proceeding book, which is divided into four Sections and one Appendix. Section I is entitled Antibody Specificity, Epitope, and Lectinology. Dr. Elvin A.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This volume has been composed to commemorate the day, 25 years ago, that Dr. P. J. Verdoorn delivered his inaugural lecture after his appointment as professor of economics at the Netherlands School of Economics at Rotterdam. The prompt and enthusiastic reactions by several members of the profession on our request for a contribution illustrates the fact that Verdoorn is held in high esteem by those who worked with him and those who are acquainted with his work. We thank all the contributors for having helped us to realize our plan to honour Verdoorn with the publication of this 'liber amicorum'. Verdoorn was appointed part time professor of business statistics, market research and marketing in 1952. He held this post until 1969. In that year he started lectures closer related to his work as deputy director of the Central Planning Bureau: general economic research. He became full professor of macro-economic policy in 1975. Verdoorn showed a great versatility in all the fields on which he worked. Without exaggeration he may be characterised as one of the most many-sided economists in the Nether lands. However much the subjects he studied may have varied, the methods he applied show persistent characteristics: theories are formulated to yield testable hypotheses which, when they can be maintained, are made operatio nal for policy purposes. In all these phases of a research program Verdoorn showed a high level of inventivity. A combination of rigour and imagination enabled him to maintain a constant stream of high-quality publications.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - A symposium seems an appropriate vehicle to review recent, as well as new, data on important topics. It is therefore our goal to present a symposium on selected topics of importance every three years. Some topics will be updated and new topics will be presented. A vast amount of information has been accumulated over the past ten years on the significance of anaerobic bacteria in infectious diseases. This symposium was organized to discuss laboratory aspects, normal flora, pathogenicity, serology, and the patients' immune re sponse to anaerobic infection. Important imformation on the patients' immune response and serology of anaerobes which has accumulated over the last few years made these topics an important part of the sympo sium. Development of serological diagnostic tests undoubtedly will provide quicker and less expensive identification of certain anaerobic species in the future. Utilization of the patients' immune response to anaerobic septicemia has the potential of providing a diagnosis of the causative agent within 24 hours after onset of symptoms. The development of such diagnostic methods and the use of these methods in the clinical laboratory in the future would provide rapid diag nostic information to the clinician on these life-threatening infec tions. Campylobacter was included in the symposium to emphasize the important role of this organism in human acute gastroenteritis. The pathogenesis of Campylobacter in gastroenteritis has been recognized in certain European countries since 1972, although we have recognized the importance of Campylobacter gastroenteritis in the United States only within the past two years.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book is intended for anyone who cares about the health of people exposed to industrial pollutants. Attention is given to those pollutants which present a possible risk to the genetic material of exposed workers. Chapters are devoted to heavy metals such as arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, etc.; insecticides (chlorinated, organophosphorus, and carbonate insecticides); monomers such as vinyl-chloride, acrylonitrile, styrene, vinylidene chloride, butadiene, chlorobutadiene, hexachlorobuta diene, etc.; and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, I, 2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethyl ene, dichloromethane, and I, I, I-trichloroethane. The main aim of this work is to provide the physician, the biologist, the pharmacologist, or anyone involved in genetic toxicology with a useful compendium of up-to-date information and references. Efforts are made to open the field to nonspecialists. An introductory chapter deals with the mechanisms whereby a given compound, reaching genetic material, either directly or indirectly, may increase the risk of a cancer developing in the exposed individual and of abnormalities being passed on to his or her progeny. Efforts are also made to allow easy and efficient reading for those who are not interested in detailed results. Comparative tables provide the following data on the compounds studied: chemical properties, production, occurrence, accepted standards in the industry, and positive or negative results with different test systems. Finally, senior research workers might find good descriptions in this book of the most recent results from mutagenesis and carcinogenesis testing in plant, nonmammalian, and mammalian systems.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - To understand what we know and be aware of what is to be known is a necessary approach to treating CAD/CAM issues. The challenge for all of us interested in CAD/CAM and engineering data handling is to under stand what we know and what we need to know about today's and tomorrow's technology, to track the explosive development of our field and its broadening range of applications, to sort through the details which compete for our attention, and to perceive underlying trends. A key development in the past year was the rapid and widespread acceptance by all user segments of personal computer-based CAD/CAM workstations, coupled with widespread use of software packages, both those developed for PC-based workstations and others converted from main frame and mini systems for use on PC-based or 32-bit workstations. If this trend continues for a few more years, as much as 900/0 of all design work may be accomplished on advanced versions of PC-based workstations. Many software systems vendors unknown until recently to the PC-based CAD/CAM community have now come to dominate the market-companies such as Autodesk, Chessell-Robocom, Future Net, T&W Systems, P-CAD, Cascade, 4-D Graphics, CADAM, Wang & Hornbuckle, and more than 20 other companies who sell PC-based CAD/CAM software.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The present volume of essays on industrial organization, which are based on conferences held at Nijenrode and Brussels, differs considerably from its predecessor. Even more than in the first volume the essays demonstrate the broad scope of industrial organization analysis. Besides the traditional topics such as economies of scale, monopoly and competition policy, there are essays on methodology, on stagflation, and on the relationship between industrial struc ture and international trade and trade policies. The latter topics are of growing importance. The issue of restructuring industries and the question of whether free trade or some measure of protection is more appropriate are topics of increasing relevance today (and will no doubt continue to be in future years as well). The problem of persistent inflation which other essays address is also of major concern. Apart from being broad in scope and venturing into new fields, this volume is also controversial. Its central feature is a debate about welfare aspects. Here, more than in pure analysis, economists tend to entertain different points of view. One of the participants in the Nijenrode conference, Professor John Blair, who died in December 1976 and whom we honour as having been an active promoter of this kind of meeting, wrote to the editors shortly before his death to say that the first volume had succeeded very well in acquainting the reader with the results of empirical investigations, notably on trends and levels of concentration.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In cats anesthetized lightly with pentobarbital or alpha-chloralose, electrical stimulation of the paramedian lobule of cerebellum resulted in a change of EEG pattern. Prior to stimulation the pattern consisted of h igh-ampl itude slow waves with superimposed low-ampl itude fast activity. In addition, the EEGs of animals anesthetized with chloralose showed 'chloralose spikes'. Immediately following brief cerebellar stimulation the slow wave activity and spikes disappeared, leaving only low-voltage fast activity. The effect was most pronounced in the contralateral leads from the rostral portions of the cerebrum. Study of the parameters most effective in evoking this effect revealed that stimulation frequency, train duration, and probably pulse duration affected the duration of suppression in a sigmoid fashion, with inflection points at approximately 90 Hz, 2.5 sec, and 1 msec, respectively. Above threshold values, stimulation cur rent showed an approximately linear relationship to duration of EEG sup pression. The after-discharge resulting from focal electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex could be shortened by electrical stimulation of the para median lobule. The effect was essentially the same when cerebellar stim ulation preceded, occurred during, or followed the cerebral cortical stim ulation. The great variability of the after-discharge resulting from cerebral cortical stimulation as well as the variability of the effects of cerebellar stimulation made it impractical to study systematically the parameters op timal for shorten ing after-discharge. Such a study wi II require use of an awake, preferably partially restrained animal with electrodes chronically implanted.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The papers in this volume were presented as part of the University of Kansas Department of Anthropology Distinguished Lecture Program on Anthro pological Genetics. Consecutively, each contributor spent approximately a week on the campus at Lawrence participating in a seminar. The contributors to this volume were not on campus at one time, but visited us on alternating weeks; hence, a symposium-type interchange was not possible between all participants. However, the students and faculty of Kansas University acted as a sounding board. This volume can be considered a companion and continuation of Methods and Theories of Anthropological Genetics, which was based upon a symposium on the state of the art in 1971. This present volume reflects what we consider to be some of the advances and current developments in anthropological genetics since 1973. Emphasis has shifted, to some degree, away from population struc ture analysis (as depicted in Crawford and Workman) to genetic epidemiology. However, population structure still remains a fertile and ongoing area of research with many theoretical questions still remaining unanswered.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The Stressed Heart is truly unique in concept and will provide an eXCItmg adventure to the reader no matter what his or her field of expertise and interest. The title, although quite appropriate, does not adequately indicate the range of topics considered or the rational interrelationships among them. Indeed, perhaps the most important point to be learned from the book is that a serious consideration of the response of the heart to mechanical overload, ischemia, or excessive humoral stimuli must include evaluation of each of the topics in the table of contents. The heart responds to stress through alterations in both structure and function. How these changes are brought about is the subject of the initial chapters. These consider first the normal regulation of gene expression in the heart, the rapid response to mechanical overload that leads to both quantitative and qualitative changes in the contractile proteins, and our current understand ing of the signals that might be elicited by stress and alter gene expression. One chapter emphasizes the fact that, regardless of the nature of the stress, the common denominator is a discrepancy between energy requirements and expenditure. The central role of cellular acidosis in initiating the sequence of responses to stress and the possible roles of peptide regulators of transcription and protein regulators of translation are considered in detail.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of a particular malignancy The few general oncology textbooks are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good in-depth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Un fortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes that aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, easily available on a single library shelf or by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion: first, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdivisions such as lung can cer, genitourinary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc.; second, by asking emi nent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Developments in the field of instrumentation of innovative instrumentation. Although laser applications have permeated nearly every aspect are among the major contributions to human advancement. The history of surgery has seen of surgical therapy, the expectations have fre many revolutionary developments cause quantum quently been unrealistic and the evaluation of leaps in progress. Electrocautery, the anesthesia technological development has always been machine, computed axial tomography, and the painfully slow. The properties of vaporization, surgical microscope are all revolutionary in coagulation, and cutting unified in an invisible struments that have irrevocably changed the shaft of light have enabled the neurosurgeon to direction of neurological surgery. vaporize inaccessible tumors of brain and spinal In the early stages of application, there are cord, harness recalcitrant bleeding sites, and cut always detractors and valid controversy concern through the most formidable calcified tumors. ing the value of a new instrument. Some will The application of this new energy form in remember those who argued that the magnifica tandem with the surgical microscope has, in my tion and illumination provided by the micro opinion, extended the scope of all aspects of scope were not valuable to the skilled surgeon neurosurgery. We have much more work to do. and would prolong the operative time and in lt is necessary to document improved results and crease infection rates. Others may recall that demand technological advances and safe inno Cushing was told to abandon the blood pressure vations.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Lung cancer is one of the biggest challenges in oncology today. The challenge is due to the recognition of the possibility of prevention in at least 70-80 % of all the cases and the extreme difficulties encountered in the treatment of this neoplasm. Despite the knowledge of prevention measures such as cessation of cigarette smoking the incidence continues to increase in many countries. The increase is particularly notable in females in the west ernized countries where the death rate in females in certain regions sur passes that of breast cancer. Furthermore, in many developing countries lung cancer is now being diagnosed with increasing frequency in both sexes and it is expected to be a major cause of death in those countries later in this century or the beginning of next century if the tobacco consumption will continue its rapid rise. With respect to therapy the 1970'es brought considerable progress in understanding of the clinical behaviour of lung cancer thereby establishing the importance of distinguishing between the major histologic types. Thera peutic advancement was particularly experienced in small cell carcinoma with the introduction of combination chemotherapy after this special dis ease entity among lung cancers was recognized as being a disseminated dis ease in almost all cases at the time of diagnosis. It was expected that the improvement in therapy would have continued in the early 1980'es, not only for small cell lung cancer but also for the other cell types.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Over the past 30 years many significant advances have been made in the management of a number of disseminated malignant diseases. The prognosis for diseases such as childhood leukaemia, choriocarcinoma and Hodgkin's disease has gradually been transformed as better anti tumour agents have become available and their clinical use has been refined. During the past 10 years the advent of new agents, particularly cisplatin, bleomycin and the podophyllotoxins, has allowed the cure of disseminated testicular tumours. This degree of success has not, however, been achieved in the case of a number of other common cancers. Ovarian carcinoma is tantalisingly chemo-sensitive and although there are long term survivors from disseminated disease, these are only a small proportion of the total. Breast cancer, although 'sensitive' to a multitude of drugs appears to have yielded neither survival benefit, nor cure to the efforts of therapists, while tumours such as those of the colon remain stubbornly unresponsive. Against this backcloth it is apparent that additional more selective treatments are needed if further impact is to be made on the problem of cancer. The development of such agents requires the integration of a multidisciplinary effort encompassing the fields of chemistry, biology and medicine. This symposium provided a forum for clinical and preclinical sCientists, where current aspects of cancer treatment were reviewed and approaches to the development of a new generation of more selective anticancer drugs discussed.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book is the compilation of papers presented at the International Symposium on in vivo Body Composition Studies, held at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 20 - 23, 1989. The purpose of this conference was to report on advances in techniques for the in vivo measurement of body composition and to present recent data on normal body composition and changes during disease. This conference was the most recent of several meetings on body composition studies, and follows two successful such meetings, one at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1986, and at Edinburgh in 1988. The large number of excellent research papers and posters presented at these conferences demonstrates the rapid growth of the field and the broad interest in the subject of in vivo body composition studies. The proceedings of the Brookhaven meeting 'In Vivo Body Composition Studies', is published by The Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, London. Both the Brookhaven and the current Toronto meeting emphasized the clinical applications, together with the techniques employed. The Edinburgh meeting placed more emphasis on the methodological problems and design of instrumentation. Because of the number of papers presented at the meeting it was necessary to ask the authors from the same institution to combine their presentations into a single paper where appropriate. The editors wish to thank the authors for their cooperation and for graciously accepting the minor revisions made to each manuscript.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Lung cancer remains an extremely difficult neoplasm to treat effectively. A large part of our lack of success in dealing with these patients is related to our empiric therapeutic attempts. Slowly our basic understanding of the lung cancers is improving and techniques are becoming available to allow us to better understand the biology of these neoplasms. This volume reviews several areas of interest in regard to the biologic behavior and characteris of lung cancer. tics Chapters deal with the in vitro growth of small cell lung cancer, the inves tigation of growth factors in human lung cancer, the production of mono clonal antibodies against lung cancer and the application and potential use fulness of the human tumor cloning assay in lung cancer management. These avenues of investigation are likely to establish a more scientific basis on which more rational therapy can be designed. Carney and associates have established several continuous small cell lung cancer cell lines in their laboratory. The amine precursor uptake and decar boxylation (APUD) properties of this neoplasm have been confirmed by demonstrating the presence of neurosecretory granules and high levels of the APUD enzyme L-dopa decarboxylase. In addition, several new markers have been documented including bombesin, creatine-kinase BB and neuron specific enolase. These tumor products along with others may be useful serum markers in patients with small cell lung cancer.