Beschreibung
First edition, the very rare offprint, inscribed by the author, of this ground-breaking work by the Scottish chemist Thomas Graham (1805-69) which founded the field of colloid chemistry. "In 'On the Diffusion of Liquids', Graham applied to liquids the exact method of inquiry he had applied to gases twenty years before, and he succeeded in placing the subject of liquid diffusion on about the same footing as that to which he had raised the subject of gaseous diffusion prior to the discovery of his numerical law. He showed that the rate of diffusion was approximately proportional to the concentration of the original solution, increased with rise in temperature, and was almost constant for groups of chemically similar salts at equal absolute (not molecular) concentrations and different with different groups. He believed that liquid diffusion was similar to gaseous diffusion and vaporization with dilute solutions, but with concentrated solutions he noted a departure from the ideal relationship, similar to that in gases approaching liquefaction under pressure. Based on his work on osmosis, Graham developed what he called a dialyzer which he used to separate colloids, which dialyzed slowly, from crystalloids, which dialyzed rapidly. He prepared colloids of silicic acid, alumina, ferric oxide, and other hydrous metal oxides, and he distinguished between sols and gels. Much of the terminology and fundamental concepts of this field are due to Graham . . . Graham stated that crystals and crystalloids appear like different worlds of matter, but he recognized that the essential difference is in the state and that the same substance can exist in the crystalloid or colloid state. He concluded that 'in nature there are no abrupt transitions, and the distinctions of class are never absolute'" (DSB). This is an inscribed presentation copy to the noted British chemist John Hall Gladstone (1827-1902), and is accompanied by a letter from Graham to Gladstone's wife thanking Mrs. Gladstone for her affections. Gladstone entered University College London in 1844, where he attended Graham's lectures on chemistry and worked in his private laboratory. Elected FRS at the unusually young age of 26, Gladstone was the first president of the Physical Society and from 1877-79 was president of the Chemical Society, which was founded by Graham in 1841. COPAC lists one copy only (King's College London). Garrison & Morton 688. 4to, pp. [ii], 46. Original publisher's tan paper wraps, title in manuscript to upper cover (slight soiling and wear to extremities, library shelf number in coloured pencil to upper cover). Internally clean and crisp (occasional light foxing). Bestandsnummer des Verkäufers ABE-1609417600259
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