The Old Spanish and Mexican Ranchos of Los Angeles County.

Very good. Size 20 x 17.5 Inches. This is a fanciful 1937 Gerald Eddy pictorial map of the historic Spanish and Mexican ranchos of Los Angeles County, the names of which were later applied to neighborhoods and towns. Eddy's work fits within a broader cultural movement in Southern California in the early-mid 20th century, often labeled Spanish Revival, that grasped at an idealized vision of California's past, creating something unique and idiosyncratic. A Closer Look This map, oriented towards the northeast looking over the San Gabriel Mountains, marks out the large ranchos doled out to Spanish (and after 1821, Mexican) rancheros in Alta California - the Californios. The names of many ranchos are retained in the modern-day neighborhoods, towns, beaches, boulevards, and canyons of metropolitan Los Angeles. Three early Spanish structures, the missions of San Gabriel and San Fernando along with the Pueblo de Los Angeles, are indicated with the dates. Scales are given in English miles, Spanish leagues, and Spanish varas. Vignette illustrations appear around the edges of the map, including a cartouche at top-right. Native Americans, who constituted the vast majority of the population of Alta California, make no appearance, while the Spanish friars, rancheros, and settlers are inaccurately depicted as both entirely white and equally balanced between men and women. Los Angeles in the Spanish and Mexican Eras Originally inhabited by the Tongva people, the area that now includes Los Angeles had been claimed by Spain since the 1540s but had no permanent Spanish presence until the 1770s, when competing interests sought to establish religious missions, military bases (presidios), and secular settlements (pueblos). The behavior of the colonists toward the native population caused significant tensions with both the religious missions (San Gabriel and San Fernando) and pueblo of Los Angeles, leading to multiple revolts. The economy of the area came to revolve around agricultural production, especially raising cattle on vast ranches overseen by a small circle of Spanish elites. Hardly the most luxurious place in the Spanish Empire, the area struggled to attract immigrants. Despite the tensions with the native population and the strict racial hierarchy in Spanish America, the nature of frontier society prevailed. Roughly half the early Spanish colonists in the L.A. region were of partial Indian or African heritage, a trend which would continue as most rancheros had Indian or mixed-race wives and mistresses. No individual represents the contradictions of colonial society better than Pio Pico, who was born in California as a Spanish subject, lived much of his life under independent Mexico, and died an American citizen. Pico was one of the wealthiest men in California prior to the Mexican-American War (1846 - 1848), owning land in several parts of California (including the Rancho Paso de Bartolo here), and was the last governor of Mexican Alta California. He was also of mixed Indian, European, and African heritage. After California was incorporated into the U.S., Pico built a grand residence near the Pueblo de Los Angeles and settled down to what should have been a comfortable retirement, but gradually lost his fortune to bad luck, gambling, and fraud. After 1848, the 'Anglos' displaced the old 'Californio' elite of Alta California and launched a campaign of ethnic cleansing and genocide against the native population. While northern California prospered in the Gold Rush, L.A. continued to function primarily as a provider of livestock and beef, but now with a violent 'Wild West' town of bandits, drifters, and grifters at its core, prone to outbursts of collective violence against Native Americans, Chinese, and Mexicans. In the late 19th century, efforts were made to give the city a more respectable image and attract a better class of migrants from further east. The massive public relations campaign known as 'boosterism' succeeded in pitching Southe. …