Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process (Wastewater Microbiology) - Softcover

Gerardi, Michael H.

Softcover

ISBN 10: 0471065080 ISBN 13: 9780471065081

Verlag: Wiley-Interscience, 2001

Inhaltsangabe

Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process, the first in a series on the microbiology of wastewater treatment, comprises the critical topics of cost-effective operation, permit compliance, process control, and troubleshooting in wastewater treatment plants. Avoiding the technical jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that typically accompany such texts, Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process directly addresses plant operators and technicians, providing necessary information for understanding the microbiology and biological conditions that occur in the treatment process.

Of special interest to wastewater treatment plant operators are the bacteria that degrade nitrogenous wastes–the nitrifying bacteria–and the bacteria that degrade carbonaceous wastes–the cBOD-removing bacteria. Both groups of bacteria need to be routinely monitored and operational conditions favorably adjusted to ensure desired nitrification. Each chapter in this groundbreaking study offers a better understanding of the importance of nitrification and denitrification and the bacteria involved in these crucial processes. Chapters include:

• Organotrophs
• The Wastewater Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrite Ion Accumulation
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Denitrifying Bacteria
• Gaseous End Products
• Free Molecular Oxygen
• The Occurrence of Denitrification

Über diesen Titel

Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

MICHAEL H. GERARDI is Research Project Associate and Instructor at the Pennsylvania State University in Linden, Pennsylvania.

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A practical guide to wastewater treatment for plant technicians and operators

This book, the first in a series on the microbiology of wastewater treatment, comprises the critical topics of cost-effective operation, permit compliance, process control, and troubleshooting in wastewater treatment plants. Avoiding the technical jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that typically accompany such texts, Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process directly addresses plant operators and technicians, providing necessary information for understanding the microbiology and biological conditions that occur in the treatment process.

Of special interest to wastewater treatment plant operators are the bacteria that degrade nitrogenous wastes the nitrifying bacteria and the bacteria that degrade carbonaceous wastes the cBOD-removing bacteria. Both groups of bacteria need to be routinely monitored and operational conditions favorably adjusted to ensure desired nitrification. Each chapter in this groundbreaking study offers a better understanding of the importance of nitrification and denitrification and the bacteria involved in these crucial processes. Chapters include:

• Organotrophs
• The Wastewater Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrite Ion Accumulation
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Denitrifying Bacteria
• Gaseous End Products
• Free Molecular Oxygen
• The Occurrence of Denitrification

Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process is an ideal companion for operators and technicians of wastewater treatment plants as they study to receive certification in their field, now required in more than thirty states. Sanitary engineers, chemists, microbiologists, and educators will benefit from this comprehensive guide.

This book, the first in a series on the microbiology of wastewater treatment, comprises the critical topics of cost-effective operation, permit compliance, process control, and troubleshooting in wastewater treatment plants. Avoiding the technical jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that typically accompany such texts, Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process directly addresses plant operators and technicians, providing necessary information for understanding the microbiology and biological conditions that occur in the treatment process.

Of special interest to wastewater treatment plant operators are the bacteria that degrade nitrogenous wastes–the nitrifying bacteria–and the bacteria that degrade carbonaceous wastes–the cBOD-removing bacteria. Both groups of bacteria need to be routinely monitored and operational conditions favorably adjusted to ensure desired nitrification. Each chapter in this groundbreaking study offers a better understanding of the importance of nitrification and denitrification and the bacteria involved in these crucial processes. Chapters include:

• Organotrophs
• The Wastewater Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrite Ion Accumulation
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Denitrifying Bacteria
• Gaseous End Products
• Free Molecular Oxygen
• The Occurrence of Denitrification

Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process is an ideal companion for operators and technicians of wastewater treatment plants as they study to receive certification in their field, now required in more than thirty states. Sanitary engineers, chemists, microbiologists, and educators will benefit from this comprehensive guide.

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Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process

By Michael H. Gerardi

John Wiley & Sons

Copyright © 2002 Michael H. Gerardi
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-471-06508-1

Contents

Preface.....................................................................xiPART I OVERVIEW.............................................................11 Nitrogen: Environmental and Wastewater Concerns...........................32 The Oxidation States of Nitrogen..........................................113 Nitrogenous Compounds.....................................................174 Bacteria..................................................................215 The Activated Sludge Process..............................................31PART II NITRIFICATION.......................................................356 Introduction to Nitrification.............................................377 Nitrifying Bacteria.......................................................438 Organotrophs..............................................................559 The Wastewater Nitrogen Cycle.............................................6310 Nitrogen Assimilation....................................................7711 Forms of Nitrification...................................................8112 Indicators of Nitrification..............................................8713 Nitrite Ion Accumulation.................................................9114 BOD......................................................................9515 Dissolved Oxygen.........................................................10316 Alkalinity and Ph........................................................10917 Temperature..............................................................11518 Inhibition and Toxicity..................................................11919 Mode of Operation........................................................12320 Classification of Nitrification Systems..................................12721 Troubleshooting Key and Tables...........................................129PART III DENITRIFICATION....................................................13322 Introduction to Denitrification..........................................13523 Denitrifying Bacteria....................................................13724 Biochemical Pathway and Respiration......................................13925 Gaseous End Products.....................................................14326 Sources of Nitrite Ions and Nitrate Ions.................................14527 Operational Factors Influencing Denitrification..........................14728 Substrate or cBOD........................................................14929 Free Molecular Oxygen....................................................15130 The Occurrence of Denitrification........................................15331 Monitoring and Correcting Accidental Denitrification.....................15932 Zoning...................................................................16333 Benefits of Denitrification..............................................167APPENDIX I THE GRAM STAIN...................................................169APPENDIX II F/M, HRT, MCRT..................................................171References..................................................................175Abbreviations and Acronyms..................................................179Chemical Compounds and Elements.............................................181Glossary....................................................................183Index.......................................................................191

Preface

Within the last 15 years much interest and use of microbiological principles of wastewater treatment have been successfully applied to the activated sludge process. These principles include the use of the microscope for process control and a better understanding of the microorganisms, especially the bacteria that are involved in the degradation of wastes.

Of special interest to wastewater treatment plant operators are the bacteria that degrade nitrogenous wastes-the nitrifying bacteria-and the bacteria that degrade carbonaceous wastes-the cBOD-removing bacteria. Both groups of bacteria need to be routinely monitored and operational conditions favorably adjusted to ensure desired nitrification. However, operational conditions do change, often in a very short period of time, and an undesired change in operational conditions can adversely affect the bacteria within the activated sludge process and its ability to degrade wastes.

Regardless of discharge permit limitations, activated sludge processes that are and are not required to nitrify and denitrify do nitrify and denitrify. Often these plants develop a form of incomplete nitrification or undesired denitrification that is responsible for an operational upset, an increase in operational costs, and noncompliance with a discharge limitation. Therefore, with a minimum of technical jargon and numerous tables and illustrations, this book addresses the microbiological principles of the bacteria and operational conditions that affect nitrification and denitrification in the activated sludge process. The book is target for operators who are responsible for the daily operation of the activated sludge process regardless if the process is or is not required to nitrify or denitrify. Each chapter is prepared to offer a better understanding of the importance of nitrification and denitrification and the bacteria involved in nitrification and denitrification. The book provides the operator with process control and troubleshooting measures that help to maintain permit compliance and cost-effective operation.

Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process is the first book in the Wastewater Microbiology series by John Wiley & Sons. This series is designed for operators and provides a microbiological review of the organisms involved in wastewater treatment, their beneficial and detrimental roles, and the biological techniques available for operators to monitor and regulate the activities of these organisms.

Michael H. Gerardi Linden, Pennsylvania

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Details zur Ausgabe

• Verlag: Wiley-Interscience
• Erscheinungsdatum: 2001
• Sprache: Englisch
• ISBN 10: 0471065080
• ISBN 13: 9780471065081
• Einband: Taschenbuch
• Auflage: 1
• Anzahl der Seiten: 206
• Kontakt zum Hersteller: Wiley-VCH GmbH; product_safety@wiley.com; ; Boschstrasse 12; Weinheim; 69469; Deutschland